人教版高中英语词法之名词重点题型及重要知识点的整理.pdf
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1、1 人教版高中英语词法之名词重点题型及重要知识点的整理 单选题 1、The government has taken some _ to solve the problem.AmeasuresBatomsCnovelsDpeppers 答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:政府已经采取了一些措施来解决这个问题。A.measures 措施;B.atoms 原子;C.novels 小说;D.peppers 甜椒。由“to solve the problem”可知,此处指采取措施解决问题。故选 A 项。2、Going from junior middle school to senior midd
2、le school is really a big _.AchallengeBstrategyCexperimentDaccommodation 答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。A.challenge 挑战;B.strategy 策略;C.experiment 实验;D.accommodation 住宿。由“Going from junior middle school to senior middle school”可知,句子表示“从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战”,空格处是“挑战”,是 challenge,故选 A。3、As can be seen,i
3、n the fierce competition,honesty is a vital _ of her success.AevidenceBcriterionCconceptDelement 答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:正如我们所看到的,在激烈的竞争中,诚实是她成功的关键因素。A.evidence 证据;B.criterion 标准;C.concept 概念;D.element 元素。由句意可知,此处说的是“她成功的关键要素是诚实”。故选 D 项。2 4、News of their safety came as a great _.AattemptBdisasterCemerge
4、ncyDrelief 答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们平安的消息传来,使我们松了一口气。A.attempt 尝试;B.disaster 灾难;C.emergency 突发事件;D.relief 安慰。根据 News of their safety came 可知,他们平安的消息传来,使我们松了一口气。故选 D 项。5、The students are having a(n)_on whether children should attend tutorial classes or not after school.AencounterBdebateCimpactDreaction
5、答案:B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:学生们正在进行一场有关孩子是否应该上课后辅导班的辩论赛。A.encounter 遇见;B.debate 辩论;C.impact 影响;D.reaction 反应。由句意可知,学生们正在辩论孩子是否应该上课后辅导班。故选 B 项。6、Fifteen wild Asian elephants headed north and no one knew their_.AresponseBdestinationCfailureDdemand 答案:B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:十五头野生亚洲象向北进发,没有人知道它们的目的地。A.response 回应;B.d
6、estination 目的地;C.failure 失败;D.demand 要求,需要。该句是并列句,根据 and 前面的 headed north 可知,没人知道它们去哪里。故选 B。7、-I have a sore throat today!-Youd better take advantage of the tea break to go to _.3 AchemistsBthe chemistCthe chemistsDthe chemists 答案:C 解析:考查所有格的省略及固定用法。句意:今天我喉咙好痛。你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist 为“药剂师,药师”,在英语中,人
7、们惯常用 go to the chemists 这一用法来表达“去药店”,这其实是一个省略结构,完整的结构是 go to the chemists shop(去药师的店铺),省略时注意仅去掉 shop,保留定冠词 the 且 chemist用单数(固定用法),综上本题选 C。8、All the _ indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.AevidenceBfactCfactorDcause 答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的证据都表明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系。A.evidence 证据;B.fact 事实;
8、C.factor 因素;D.cause 原因。由下文“indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.”可知,证据表明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系,所以此处表示“证据”,应用 evidence,故选 A。9、For countries such as Costa Rica,Kenya and Nepal,ecotourism is an important part of the _.ApoliticsBhistoryCgeographyDeconomy 答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:对于哥斯达黎加、肯尼亚和尼泊尔等国来说
9、,生态旅游是经济的重要组成部分。A.politics 政治;B.history 历史;C.geography 地理;D.economy 经济。根据语意分析,可知生态旅游与经济有关,D.economy“经济”符合语境。故选 D 项。10、In order to live up to their parents _,most of the kids have to study hard even over vacations.AexpectationsBqualificationsCapplicationsDinnovations 4 答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:为了不辜负父母的期望,
10、大多数孩子甚至在假期也要努力学习。A.expectations 期望;B.qualifications 任职资格;C.applications 应用;D.innovations 创新。根据“In order to live up to their parents”可知此处指父母的“期望”。故选 A。11、The government declared financial assistance would_by those in the_training courses.Aobtain;employeeBbe obtained;employment Cbe obtained;employeeDo
11、btain;employment 答案:B 解析:考查被动语态和名词。句意:政府宣称资助将由参加就业培训课程的人士获得。由 by 可知,第一空处用被动语态,would 是情态动词,其后跟 be done,因此第一空是 be obtained;根据句意可知,_training courses意为“就业培训课程”,空格处用名词 employment 作定语,修饰 training courses,故选 B。12、The boy gives the policeman a _ of what happened in the accident.AdescriptionBdescribeCdescrip
12、tiveDdescriptively 答案:A 解析:考查词义辨析。句意:那个男孩向警察描述了事故发生的经过。A.description 描述,词性为名词;B.describe 描述,词性为动词;C.descriptive 描写的;叙述的;为形容词;D.descriptively 叙述地,为副词。结合题干设空前的冠词,所以此处要用名词。故选 A。13、We are very_to meet you here again.ApleasantBpleasedCpleasingDpleasure 5 答案:B 解析:考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意:我们很高兴在这里再次见到你。A.pleasant(物
13、)令人愉快的、(人)友好的;B.pleased(人)感到高兴或满意;C.pleasing(物)令人愉悦的;D.pleasure 快乐。此处说明主语 We 的状态,用修饰形容人的 pleased 符合句意。故选 B 项。14、We arrived at our _,tired and hungry.AdestinationBdescriptionCwisdomDarchitect 答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们到达了目的地,又累又饿。A.destination 目的地;B.description 描述,说明;C.wisdom 智慧;D.architect 建筑师。根据句子结构和意思
14、可知,这里考查名词作宾语,需要“目的地”的意思。故选 A。15、The kids-only Internet service is a great _ which will help parents control their childrens access to the Internet.AcertificateBinvestigationCinnovationDexception 答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新,它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入互联网。A.certificate 证书;B.investigation 调查;C.innovation
15、 创新;D.exception 例外。根据上文“The kids-only Internet service is a great”可知,指儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新,它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入互联网,应用 innovation。故选 C。16、Kens father is an athlete,and Ken has the similar _ for sports.AenthusiasmBsustainabilityCextent 6 答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:肯的父亲是一名运动员,而肯对体育运动也有相似的热情。A.enthusiasm 热情;B.sustaina
16、bility 持续性;C.extent 程度。根据上文的 similar 可推断,肯对运动有相似的热情。故选 A。小提示:17、Friends can be divided into many_.Some are say-hello friends who I call acquaintances.Some are profit-related friends;some are true friends.AportionsBqualitiesCvarietiesDranges 答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:朋友可以分为很多种类。有些是打招呼的朋友,我称之为熟人。有些是与利益有关的朋友
17、;有些是真正的朋友。A.portions 部分;B.qualities 质量;C.varieties 种类;D.ranges 范围。根据“Some are say-hello friends who I call acquaintances.Some are profit-related friends;some are true friends.”可知,朋友会被分成很多种类。故选 C。18、Mr.Brown thought it would be a good idea to have _ from his workers to improve his plan.AsummariesBadm
18、issionsCcommentsDconnections 答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:布朗先生认为征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划是个好主意。A.summaries 总结;B.admissions 准许进入;C.comments 意见,评论;D.connections 连接。根据“from his workers to improve his plan.”可知,此处表示征求工人们的意见以改进他的计划。故选 C。19、According to the regulations,you can only borrow a _ of ten books from the library.Am
19、inimumBmajorityCmessDmaximum 7 答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:根据规定,你最多只能从图书馆借十本书。A.minimum 最小值;B.majority 大多数;C.mess 混乱;D.maximum 最大值。根据后文“of ten books from the library”指最多只能从图书馆借十本书,应用a maximum of“最多”。故选 D。20、Typically,a mountain range will be the boundary between the area of two poleis(城邦)or a _ of water,bec
20、ause Greece has the sea winding through it everywhere.AstretchBpickCprofileDdivision 答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:比如,一座山脉,就能成为一种典型的城邦之间边界,由于希腊四处邻海,一段水域也可以成为边界。A.stretch(土地;水域)一片;一段;B.pick 挑选;选择;C.profile 概述;简介;D.division 分开;分隔。此处指把一段水域作为分界线,故选 A。21、The organization assists people based on need and gives the
21、top _ to those in the most serious and immediate danger.AdevotionBdivisionCpotentialDpriority 答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:该组织根据需要为人们提供帮助,并对那些处于最严重和最紧迫危险中的人给予优先考虑。A.devotion 献身;B.division 分开;C.potential 潜能;D.priority 优先事项。根据后文“those in the most serious and immediate danger”指优先考虑处于最严重和最紧迫危险中的人,应用 give the top
22、 priority to。故选 D。22、_ ensures only the fittest survive to pass their genes on to the next generation.AVirtual realityBWearable tech 8 CField researchDNatural selection 答案:D 解析:考查名词短语词义辨析。句意:自然选择确保只有适者生存,将基因传给下一代。A.Virtual reality 虚拟现实;B.Wearable tech 可穿戴技术;C.Field research 实地研究;D.Natural selection
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