人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解.pdf

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1、1/10 人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解 Units 1-2 1.doubt doubt 是高考中高频考查词汇。doubt 可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：作动词时，若为肯定句，后跟宾语从句,通常用 if/whether引导，若为否定句，则通常用 that 引导。doubt 作名词时，通常用于 There is no doubt that.(毫无疑问）结构。2010 年高考对 doubt 考查还将集中在其后跟从句时连接词选择上，也有可能将 doubt 与其他动词或名词放在一起进行词义辨析。2.expose expose 是新课标要求掌握单词，应重点掌握它义项及常见用法，特别是

2、be exposed to 句式，其中 to 为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时注意 exposed to 作后置定语和用于句首作状语用法。另外，being exposed to 结构用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考查。预测 2010 年命题方向为 exposed to 作状语和定语用法。3.absorb absorb 是新课标重点单词，重点掌握其“吸收（液体，热）；吸收，理解（知识）”词义及其 be absorbed in(全神贯注于)用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能掌握 be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联系 be engaged i

3、n,be devoted to,be involved in 和 be lost in 等常见重点近义短语。4.apart from apart from 是常见介词短语，意为“除之外”，考生应熟练掌握近义词和短语：except,besides,in addition(to),other than,except for,except that,except when 等。预测 2010 年高考会在单项填空题中直接考查或者会出现在阅读理解题中。5.available available 是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地模拟考试中出现频率极高，主要考点为：词义(可得到，可用)。命题形式常为形容

4、词词义辨析，如区分 accessible,acceptable,sensible,favourite,average,convenient 等。用法。be available to 意为“可利用”，be available for 意为“使可以享受某物;使买得起某物”,要了解二者区别。预测 2010 年高考命题会以考查词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。6.consist of consist of 是近几年高考高频考查短语。理解其词义“组成，构成”。考查与其他近义词组用法异同点。如 be made up of,be composed of,constitute,be formed of

5、等。考生要特别注意 consist of 要用主动形式表达，不用系表结构。预测这一考点将成为 2010 年高考考查重点，特别是用 consisting of 作后置定语。7.break down 由 break 构成动词短语是历年高考命题重点。考生必须明确 break down几个常见义项，根据不同语境加以判断。break down，break up,break off,break away,break in 等，都要求考生熟知它们常见义项，因为命题时可能会对该短语直接考查，也可在短文中考查对其意义理解。8.only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成部分倒装 这是考生必须熟练掌握句式之一，以往高考

6、题中已多次考查到。倒装句式有多种情况，该句式为日常交际中较常见一种。特别提示：only 只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。预测该句式是 2010 年高考命题考查重点。重要词汇拓展 Unit 1 Great scientists 1._ n.特征；特性 2._ vt.&vi.结束；推断出_ n.结论 3._ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 4._ vt.参加；出席；照顾；护理_ n.参加；出席；侍从；看护 5._ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n.暴露；揭穿；揭发 6._ vt.&n.治愈；痊愈 _adj.可治愈 _ vt.&n.控制；支配 8._ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心

7、 _adj.被吸收；全神贯注 9._ adj.严重；严厉；剧烈 characteristic 2.conclude；conclusion 3.defeat 4.attend；attendance 5.expose；exposure 6.cure；curable 7.control 8.absorb；absorbed 9.severe 10._ vt.宣布；通告 _n.宣布；宣告；通知 11._ vt.命令；指示；教导_ adj.有教育意义；有指导意义 _n.指导；指示；指令 _ n.教师；讲师；指导员 12._ vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助_n.贡献；奉献 13._ adj.有创造力；创造性

8、；独创_n.创造；创作 14._ adj.热情；热心_ n.热心；热情 15._ adj.小心；谨慎_n.小心；谨慎；慎重 16._ vt.拒绝；不接受；丢弃；抛弃 2/10 17._ vt.建造；构造；创立_n.建造；建筑；结构 18._vt.分析_n.分析 19._ vt.污染；弄脏_ n.污染 10.announce;announcement1 11.instruct；instructive；instructioninstructor 12.contribute；contribution 13.creative；creation 14.enthusiastic；enthusiasm 15

9、.cautious；caution 16.reject 17.construct;construction 18.analyse;analysis 19.pollute;pollution 1.put _ 提出 2._ a conclusion 得出结论 3.in _ 另外 4._ to an end 结束 5._.to.将和连接起来 6._ from 除之外 7.be _ with 对严格 8.lead _导致；通向 9.make _ 有道理；有意义；讲得通 10._ of view 态度；观点 11.be _ to 暴露于 12.be _ in 全神贯注于 13._ into 调查 14.

10、be _/_ 支持/反对 forward 2.draw 3.addition e 5.link 6.apart 7.strict 8.to 9.sense 10.point 11.exposed 12.absorbed 13.look 14.for/against 重点短语梳理 1._ its cause _ its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它病源，也不了解它治疗方法。2.So many thousands of terrified people died _ _ there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐老百姓死去。3.John

11、 Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ _.约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。4._ _ you put the sun there _ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星运动才能说得清楚。1.Neither;nor 2.every time 3.be examined 4.Only if;did 重点句型再现 1.John Snow defeats“King Cholera”.约翰斯诺战胜“

12、霍乱王”。defeat 意为“击败；打败；使（计划，希望）落空”。defeat,conquer 与 overcome 三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”意思。defeat 指“赢得胜利”,尤其指军事上胜利,如 defeat the enemy(打败敌人);conquer 指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情控制,如 conquer nature（征服自然）；overcome 指“战胜；压倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”,如 overcome difficulties（克服困难）。【易混辨析】选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win）By not working hard enoug

13、h you _ your own purpose.Some countries may be _ but can never be _.Who is _ the drum?He _ the first prize in the writing contest.【答案】defeated defeated;conquered beating won defeat,beat 与 win defeat,beat 都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如 beat the competitor/the country/the team.打败对手/国家/队 I can beat/def

14、eat you at swimming.我游泳能胜过你。He was defeated/beaten at chess.他下象棋输了。win 也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类意义词。如 win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward.赢得赛跑/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏 3/10 高手过招 2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary pe

15、ople exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动，修饰 people，相当于定语从句 which were exposed to cholera 意为“患霍乱”。expose 意为“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常与介词 to 连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。常见结构：expose sth./sb./oneself(to.)显露或暴露 be exposed to 暴露于 高手过招 用 expose 适当形式填空 In summer,_

16、the sun can be very harmful to your skin.The soil was washed away by the flood,_ bare rock.【答案】being exposed to exposing 3.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它病源，也不了解它治疗方法。cure vt.&n.治愈，治疗法；常用于 cure sb.of.结构中。cure,treat,heal 与 recover cure 意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat 为日常

17、用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人全过程或活动。heal 意为“治愈（伤口）；医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover 意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与 from 连用。That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他坏习惯。There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名医生来治疗 50 多个病人。The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上伤已痊愈了。Hes now fully recovered

18、 from his bad cold.他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。【易混辨析】完成句子 Penicillin _ _ _ his pneumonia.盘尼西林治好了他肺炎。After the accident,the lorry driver _ _ for cuts and bruises.事故后卡车司机擦伤得到了治疗。The cut on his finger _ quickly.他手指上伤口很快愈合了。【答案】cured him ofwas treatedhealed 高手过招 4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disea

19、se into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内。suggest vt.暗示；表明(陈述语气)；建议（suggest doing;suggest thatclause）His attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at all.他态度表明他对此一点也不感兴趣。I suggested that he(should)adapt himself to his new conditions.我建议他应该适应新情况。absorb 意为“吸收；吸引；使专心；合并；吞并”

20、，常见结构：absorb ones attention 吸引某人注意力 be absorbed in sth.专心于某事 be absorbed by/into 被吞并；为所吸收 Clever children absorb knowledge easily.聪明孩子掌握知识很容易。Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body.阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。He is absorbed in his business.他专心致志地处理事务。Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.大

21、多数小商店已被并入大公司。完成句子 4/10 _ _ _ _ _ _,the man walked into a wall.那个人看报纸太入神撞到了墙上。They were _ _ _ _ _ the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.他们聚精会神地看着电视里表演，舍不得离开。【答案】Deeply absorbed in the newspaper so deeply absorbed in watching 高手过招 6.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked t

22、he body and soon the affected person died.病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就会死去。ffect vt.意为“影响；作用于”，经常表示某种变化，对象是人时，可指思想或感情上变化。affect,effect 与 influence affect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”，其区别是：前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时影响，着重指影响动作，可指一般意义影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响；后者是名词(可数或不可数)，两者关系大致为：affecthave an effect on。注意：effect 有时虽用作及物动词，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“

23、产生”等。influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接或潜移默化影响。可用作及物动词或名词(通常不可数，但有时可与不定冠词连用)。【易混辨析】完成句子 We are interested in the weather because it _ _ _/_ _ _ _ _ (对我们有直接影响)what we wear,what we do,and even how we feel.【答案】affects us directly/has direct effects on us 6.It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首

24、。blame v.责备，谴责；把归咎于 blame sb.for sth./doing sth.为某事责备某人 He blamed you for the neglect of duty.他责备你玩忽职守。blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克粗心驾驶。be to blame(for)应（为）承担责任；该（为）受责备。注意：此处不能用被动语态。blame n.埋怨，责备；责任 take the blame for sth.对某

25、事负责任 lay/put the blame on sb.把某事归咎于某人 单项填空 We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife _that for their sons bad performance at school.A.are to blame B.is to the blamed C.are to be blamed D.is to blame【解析】选 D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校不好表现，除了杰克妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame 是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。.单词拼写 1.This new e_ for t

26、he car works well.2.She has a strong c_.3.The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_ farming.4.The doctor had my eyes e_ for weakening.5.He b_ me for my negligence(疏忽大意).6.He finished his work in a _(积极)way.7.We must try to _(分析)the causes of the strike.8.He became _(狂热)a

27、bout classical music.9.He has _(完成)the whole job already.10.Be _（谨慎）when you cross the street.【答案】1.engine 2.character 3.scientific 4.examined 5.blamed 6.positive 7.analyse 8.enthusiastic pleted 10.cautious II.用括号内所给单词适当形式填空 1.John Snow told the story about the_(astonish)people in Broad Street.5/10

28、2.Dont drink _(pollute)water,because it carries the disease.3.Some of the people _(invite)to the party couldnt come.4.There is a car _(park)outside the house.5.We were _(inspire)by the _(inspire)news.6.Why are you looking so _(disappoint)?7.Thousands of _(terrify)people died.【答案】1.astonished 2.pollu

29、ted 3.invited 4.parked 5.inspired；inspiring 6.disappointed 7.terrified III.翻译句子 1.不要在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤。(sunburn)2.有组织旅行就是由某人或某机构组织旅行。3.到了那时他才意识到造成损失有多大。4.每当他遇到困难，他就会想起他妈妈。（every time）5.正在建造那幢摩天大楼比去年建那幢还要高。【答案】1.Dont expose yourself to the sun for too long.You will get sunburned.2.An organized trip is on

30、e organized by someone or some organization.3.Only then did he realize how much damage had been caused.4.He would think of his mother every time he met with difficulties.5.The skyscraper being built is still higher than the one built last year.Unit 2 The United Kindom 重要词汇拓展 1._ vt.分配；分开_ adj.分离_n.分

31、离；分开 2._ n.矛盾；冲突 3._ n.描写；描述 _ vt.描写；描述 4._ v.组成；一致_ n.一致性；连贯性_adj.一致 5._ vt.澄清；阐明_ n.清楚；明晰；清澈 divide;divided;division 2.conflict 3.description;describe 4.consist；consistence；consistent 5.clarify；clarity 重要词汇拓展 6._n.收集；收藏品 _vt.&vi.收集；募集_ adj.集体 7._ n.便利；方便_ adj.便利；方便 8._ vt.使激动；使胆战心惊_adj.激动_ adj.令人兴

32、奋 9._ n.快乐；高兴；喜悦；vt.使快乐；使欣喜_ adj.高兴_ adj.令人喜悦 10._ vt.吸引；引起注意_ n.吸引;吸引力；吸引人事物 _ adj.有吸引力；诱人 11._ adj.壮丽；辉煌；极好 12._ n.塑像；雕像 13._ vt.筹备；安排；整理_ n.筹备；安排；整理 14._ n.错误；谬误；过失 6.collection；collect；collective 7.convenience；convenient 8.thrill；thrilled；thrilling 9.delight；delighted；delightful 10.attract;attra

33、ction;attractive 11.splendid 12.statue 13.arrange；arrangement 14.error 1._ of 由组成 2._.into 把分成 3.leave _ 遗漏；删掉 4._ down 捣毁；（机器）出故障；分解；垮掉 5._ to 提及；参考 6.for _ 为了方便 7._ close to 接近；几乎 8.take the _ of 代替；取代 9.break _ from 挣脱（束缚）；脱离 1.consist 2.divide 3.out 4.break 5.refer 6.convenience e 8.place 9.away

34、 6/10 重点短语梳理 1.There is _ _ to debate any more why different words are used to describe the four countries.再也没有什么必要争论为什么要用不同词去描述这四个国家了。2.The three countries _ _ _ peacefully instead of by war.这三个国家发现自己并没有通过战争就和平统一起来了。3.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism _ _ _ and died in Lond

35、on.这似乎很奇怪：这位发展了共产主义人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。no need 2.found themselves united 3.should have lived 重点句型再现 1.How many countries does the UK consist of?英国是由几个国家（部分）组成？consist of 组成；构成；由组成(后接 of，用于主动语态)Our class consisted of fifty students at that time.当时我们班有 50 个学生。【联想拓展】consist vi.符合；并存；一致（与 with 连用）Theory s

36、hould consist with practice.理论应与实践相一致。在于，存在于（常与 in 连用）The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its ancient building.威尼斯美在于其古建筑风格。【易混辨析】comprise,compose,constitute 与 make up 这一组动词都有“组成，包含”意思，不过 comprise 和 constitute 是及物动词，要用主动形式；而 compose 和 make up 则需后跟 of,用于系表结构中。Our companys product line compr

37、ises 2,500 different items.我们公司生产线是由 2500 个不同组成部分构成。Crime and illegal drugs constitute the citys major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临主要问题。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。A car is made up of many different parts.汽车由很多不同零部件组成。用适当介词填空 The United Nations Organization

38、 consists _ over 160 nations.Our greatest happiness consists _ serving the people.Health doesnt consist _ smoking.【答案】ofinwith 2.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今，只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内。refer to 查阅;参考 If you want to know his telephone number,you may refer to the t

39、elephone directory.如果你想知道他电话号码，你可以查电话簿。谈到;提到 The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March.老战士谈到了长征时一些经历。适用于;涉及 These books refer to Asian problems.这些书涉及亚洲问题。把提交给;把委托给 I dont want to refer this patient to an irresponsible doctor.我不想把这个病人交给一个不负责医生。使向请教;使求助于 I referred her to Tom f

40、or further information.我让她到汤姆那儿去询问详情。把归功于 He referred his success to the good education he had had.他把他成功归功于他所受良好教育。认为起源于 7/10 The invention of the papermaking is referred to China.造纸术起源于中国。用括号内所给短语适当形式填空 On Aids Day,the minister of the Health Department demanded the problems _ _ _(refer to)paid spec

41、ial attention to.【答案】referred to(should)be 3.However,the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰南部却不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己政府。break away(from)突然逃掉或离开;断绝往来,脱离;改掉(旧习惯）break down (机器、车辆等)坏了；(计划、谈判等)失败；(谈话、通讯等)中断；(健康、精神等)变坏；垮掉 break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔 break i

42、nto 强行进入;突然起来;打断，插嘴 break off 停止讲话;暂停;休息;(使)折断 break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发 break through 突破;克服;征服;强行穿过/进入 break up 解散;驱散;(学校等)放假;结束;破裂;绝交 用适当介词或副词填空 Thieves broke _ the house when the couple were watching TV.A quarrel broke _ between them.The soldiers broke _ the enemys defence works.The school has br

43、oken _ for the holidays.Dad would occasionally break _ with a suggestion.Tom broke _ the door of our classroom last week.高手过招 into out through up in down 4.England is the largest of the four countries,and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大。为了方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。conve

44、nience n.适宜；便利；方便（不可数）convenience food 便利食品；convenience store 便利店 便利事物/设施(可数)convenient adj.方便(可用作定语和表语)。作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用事物或形式主语 it 作主语，其后常接介词 for/to 或不定式。常用结构：It is/was convenient for sb.to do sth.对某人来说方便；sth.be convenient to/for sb./sth.对某人/物来说是方便。Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorr

45、ow?你明天开始工作方便吗?We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.我们必须安排一个合适时间和地点开会。单项填空 Come and see me whenever _.A.you are convenient B.you will be convenient C.it is convenient to you D.it will be convenient to you 【解析】选 C。convenient 主语不可以是人，排除 A、B 两项。whenever 引导是时间状语从句，其谓语动词要用一般现在时，不可用一

46、般将来时。高手过招.单词拼写 1.The committee c_ of ten members.2.If you d_ 30 by 5,the answer is 6.3.Would you like to do a crossword p_?8/10 4.This building was c_ in the 1810s and it has a history of about 200 years.5.They married last month but I didnt attend their w_.6.We should do all we can to improve the _

47、(关系)between our two countries.7.The position of the house combines quietness and _(方便).8.The painting comes from his private _(收藏).9.To our _(高兴),he passed the entrance examination.10.Can you _(安排)for a car to collect them from the airport?【答案】1.consists 2.divide 3.puzzle 4.constructed 5.wedding 6.r

48、elations 7.convenience 8.collection 9.delight 10.arrange II.同义句转换 1.How many countries does the UK consist of?How many countries is _ _ the UK?2.For those you have to go to older but smaller towns first built by the Romans.For those you have to go to older but smaller towns _ _first _ by the Romans.

49、3.Worried about the time available,Zhang Pingyu had listed the sites she wanted to see in London.Because she _ _ about the time available,Zhang Pingyu had made a _ _ the sites she wanted to see in London.4.On my way to the station something was wrong with my car.On my way to the station my car _ _.5

50、.When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show,she felt very proud of her country._ many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show,she took _ _ her country.【答案】1.made up of 2.which/that were;built 3