划分句子成分练习题.pdf

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1、 1 英语语法句子成分练习 英语在其长期的发展过程中形成了一种相对固定的句子结构，即：主语+谓语。主语是句子的话题，而谓语是对话题所作的说明。两者构成了句子的主要成份，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。除此之外，还包括表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语和同位语六种次要成分，可根据句子的需要可有可无。一、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、主格代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句担任，在陈述句中常置于句首。主语由名词性的词来充当。如：I like football.The boy needs a pen.练习：试找出下列句子的主语：1.God helps those who help themselve

2、s.2.The capital of France is Pairs.3.We have finished our task ahead of time.4.Ours is a great country.5.The second is better than the first.6.Seeing is believing.7.Johns not having been trained as a dancer is his one regret.8.To study English well is very important for a college student now.9.What

3、he said is not true.10.Study hard and make progress every day.二、谓语：谓语是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作或所处的状态等。谓语通常由动词或动词词组来充当。如：The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket 练习：试找出下列句子的谓语：1.He studied in Britain for 3 years.2.I didnt watch the movie last night.3.Now students are paying more attention to pronunciation

4、.4.They lived,ate and worked together with the workers for more than a month.5.Every means has been tried without any effect.6.You shouldnt have opened her letter.7.We used to teach in the same school.8.You didnt have to go there in person.9.His parents are both middle school teachers.三、表语：表语用以说明主语的

5、身份、特征和状态。它一般位于系动词之后。如：He looks very young.It feels soft,so I feel surprised.练习：试找出下列句子的表语：1.His parents are both middle school teachers.2.The flowers in the garden smell sweet.3.Our campus becomes very beautiful in spring.4.The leaves of the trees turn green in spring every year.5.All the students r

6、emain in the classroom waiting for you.6.Our plan is to have picnic this weekend.7.The students got very excited watching the football game.8.The film was very moving.9.Her first job was selling shoes.10.Our suggestion is that you give up smoking for the sake of your health.11.He proves a good capta

7、in for he keeps calm in danger.12.She stayed single her whole life.13.The girl went blind when she was 21 years old.四、宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者。宾语由名词性或代词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构，另外在主系表结构后面的从句是宾语从句。例如：Tome lost his life in the big fire.练习：试找出下列句子的宾语：1.We will study a new lesson next week.2.He often help

8、s me in my study.3.China won the first in the number of gold medals at the 14th Asian Games.4.I dont think I can follow you.5.Can you tell us whether he will come?6.Show them where they should put the machines.7.Whatever difficulties he met,he would get rid of them.8.Respect the old and cherish the

9、young.9.They avoided talking about the subject at the meeting.10.They offered to help us when we were in difficulties.11.I am afraid that you are late.五、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。如：Guilin is a beautiful city.练习：试找出下列句子的定语：1.We have a two-day weekend,so we have more spare time.2.The handsome young man s

10、peaking at the meeting now is the new chairman of our department.3.China is a developing country in the east;America is a developed country in the west.4.There are thirty women teachers in our school.5.His rapid progress in English made us suprised.6.Our monitor is always the first to enter the clas

11、sroom.7.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.8.He is reading an article about how to learn English.9.The beautiful girls here know the strange man upstairs.2 10.Show me the papers yesterday and do your work today.六、补足语：英语中为了使句子意义完整，需要对主语或宾语进行补充说明，这就是补足语。补充说明主语的称为主语补足语,只在被动语态中出现。补充说明宾语

12、的称为宾语补足语。如：We chose him our monitor.I will have the boy repair your car.练习：试找出下列句子的补足语：1.I often find him reading in the library.2.He told us to leave here,for he would have his hair cut.3.His father named him Jack.4.They painted their boat white.5.He can make me happy.6.You mustnt force him to lend

13、 his money to you.7.I will have my hair cut tomorrow.8.We noticed everything in the lab in good order.9.The man will get us to clean the window.10.He is often found reading in the library.11.We saw her entering the room.12.Let the fresh air in,and I will have the room cleaned.13.He made himself unde

14、rstood by giving vivid examples.14.The boy broke the precious vase,so his mum had him working in the garden the whole morning.15.I will have your son write a report about the accident.七、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般包括时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、程度状语、伴随状语、让步状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果状语和目的状语。如：Tomorrow we will visit the museum.The

15、man on the bike is riding too fast.They sat there,reading the newspaper.练习：试找出下列句子的状语：1.We usually have English classes in the language lab.2.Our teachers teach us very patiently.3.She didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.4.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.5.She came in with a dictionar

16、y in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8.She works very hard though she is old.9.Do it as I told you last night.10.She is more friendly than I thought.八、同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词常常

17、紧挨在一起。如：Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.I will do it myself.(I myself will do it.)We all like it.练习：试找出下列句子的同位语：1.His dinner,eggs and vegetables,is simple.2.Three personsyou,he and Iwill have to maintain this big family.3.The Diamond,the best-known restaurant in town,is not far away.4.Yo

18、u may ask anyonehim,her or me.5.They invited our familyfather,mother and meto their country-house.6.At the news,I felt ashamed for us officials.7.Mr.Li,our new president,speaks English fluently.九、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his se

19、at is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor w

20、ill he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.11.I washed a coat and cooked the meal yesterday.十、补语再练：1.He found his new job boring.2.They called their daughter Mary.3.This placed her

21、in a very difficult position.4.We went to her house but found her out.5.What do you advise me to do？6.We thought him to be an honest man.7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.8.He believed her the right person for the job.9.Did you notice him come in？10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.12.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.