英语中考归纳复习专题：被动语态.pdf

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1、外研版 2018 年英语中考归纳复习专题：被动语态【被动语态】在英语中，动词主要有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。当我们不知道或者没有必要说出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需要强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：Smoking isnt allowed in the gas station.汽车加油站里面不允许吸烟。Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态 被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 有人称、

2、时态和数的变化。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态的构成如下：时态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day.这间教室每天都打扫。一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998.我们的学校是 1998 年建造的。一般将来时 will be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.运动会将于明天举行。现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 The bank has been built.银行已经建成了。

3、含情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike cant be put here.这辆自行车不能被放在这里。【考点训练 1】1.Today Chinese _(teach)in many schools around the world.2.Some famous paintings _(show)in the hall next week.3.A new school _(set up)in my hometown last year.4.How often do I need to feed the dog?It _ food every day,or it will be hung

4、ry.（）A.may give B.may be given C.must give D.must be given 答案：is taught will be shown was set up D 【被动语态的特殊结构】种类 构成 例句 感官动词 和使役动词 的被动语态 感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have 等后跟省略 to 的动词不定式作宾补，变为被动语态时，省略的 to 要加上。We heard her sing in the room.She was heard to sing in the room.我们听见她在房间里唱歌。动词短语的 被

5、动语态 短语是“动词+介词/副词”时，变被动语态时介词、副词不能丢。We should speak to the old politely.The old should be spoken to politely by us.我们应该有礼貌地和老人说话。主动表被动 feel,look,sound,smell,taste 等系动词。The dishes taste so delicious.这些菜尝起来很美味。open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive 等词作不及物动词时。This kind of pen writes very smoothly

6、.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词及短语(happen,take place,come out,run out,spread.)。The water has run out.水已经用完了。When did the book come out?这本书什么时候出版的？作“需要”讲的need,want,require 后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。The problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。【考点训练 2】1.Tea plants are _(grow)and _(use)to make tea.2.Kan

7、g Jian found it interesting that so many products in the local shops _(make)in China.3.The music _ the Moonlight Sonata.（）A.sounds like B.is heard C.is sounded like D.is listening 4.An accident _ on the road last night.（）A.has happened B.was happened C.Happened D.was happening 答案：grown used were mad

8、e A C 【被动语态的固定搭配、句型】1.be made of,be made from,be made in 与 be made by 2.be used for,be used as 与 be used to do 3.It is said/believed/reported/known that.【中考示例】(2017广西)I think all the heavy and difficult jobs _ by machines and robots in the future.()A.Do B.will do C.are done D.will be done【解析】考查动词的时态

9、和语态。句意：我认为未来所有的重活、难度大的工作都将由机器和机器人来完成。根据时间状语 in the future 可知，此处应用一般将来时；主语 jobs 和谓语动词 do 之间是被动关系，结合介词 by 可知此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。【考题热身】1.(2017甘肃)English _（speak)all over the world.2.(2017宿迁)The old car _（produce)in Germany in the 1960s.3.(2017 鄂 州)Teenagers should _（encourage)to solve their problems by them

10、selves.4.(2017襄阳)The 24th Winter Olympic Games _ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022,from February 4th to 20th.（）A.is going to hold B.hold C.will be held D.was held 5.(2017重庆 A 卷)This picture _ by my cousin last year.（）A.draws B.drew C.is drawn D.was drawn 6.(2017盐城)It is reported that about 120 fore

11、ign soccer experts _ to teach soccer school students.（）A.invite B.invited C.to be invited D.will be invited 7.(2017随州)Your bedroom is so clean.Of course.It every day.（）A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaned D.was cleaned 8.(2017苏州)Why hasnt Tony come?The invitation letter _ to Toby by accident.（）A.was emai

12、led B.has emailed C.is emailed D.emailed 9.(2017上海)The museum _ next month to celebrate the Science&Technology Festival.（）A.is decorated B.will decorate C.is decorating D.will be decorated 10.(2017河北)Hangzhou _ as the City of Silk.Tourists like shopping for silk there.（）A.Knows B.is known C.was known D.will be known 答案：is spoken was produced be encouraged C D D C A D B