高中英语介词知识点大汇总情况.pdf
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1、实用文档 文案大全 高中英语介词知识点大汇总 介词的英语全称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在.前部)+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。一般放在名 词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。介词的分类 分类 特点 例词 简单介词 即一个介词 about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,o
2、n等等。合成介词 由两个介词构成的合成词 into,onto,throughout,upon,within 短语介词 由短语构成 according to,because of,instead of,up to,due to,owing to,thanks to 笺笺 0 双重介词 由两个介词搭配而成 from among,from behind,from under,till after,in between 等等。分词介词 由现在分词转化而来 considering(就.而论),including,regarding,concerning 等。实用文档 文案大全 二.介词短语的语法功能 介
3、词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能 例 句 作定语 They didn t find the solution to the problem.作状语 We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法)Nothing in the world could l
4、ive without air or water.(表条件)作表语 When I paid a visit to you yesterday,you were not at home.作宾语补足语 I found the old building in a bad condition.表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别 表示的概念 介词(短语)区 别 例子 兼类介词 由形容词直接转化而来 like,unlike,near,next,opposite 等等。实用文档 文案大全 in at在一个时间点上;at 8 oclock,at noon on in在一段时间之内;in the 1990s
5、,in January at on在具体某 f 或具体的上午、下午、晚上。on Monday,on a warm morning since指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时 Wehave not seen each other since 1995.since 连用;I hope to do morning exercises from from from指从时间的某一点开始。today.in指在一段时间之后,用于一般将来时,也可 in,以指一段时间之内=within;We ll be back in three days.时间 after after表示某一具体时间点之后,用于一般过去 A
6、fter seven the rain began to fall.时。in the end 作“最后”、“终于”解,单独作 In the end they reached a place of in the end 句子成分,后不接介词of;safety.at the end of表小在 末梢,到 At the end of the road stands a at the end of 尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。beautiful garden./、口单独使用;They decided to have an English evening by the end of by t
7、he end of 作 在 结束时,at the end of this week.“到末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独 By the end of last month he had finished 实用文档 文案大全 使用。the novel.位置 between among 一般说来,between表小两者之间;among用于二者或二者以上之|可。You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his classmates.注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关 系时、在谈到
8、一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事 物间的差别时,要用between o Agreements were made between the different countries.The little valley lies between high mountains.They don t know the difference between wheat,rice and coin.in on to in表小在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某范围之外。Changchunis in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the n
9、orth of China.Japan is to the east of China.on in on只表小在某物的表面上,而用in表小占去某物一 部分。There is a book on the piece of paper.There is an interesting article in the newspaper.实用文档 文案大全 He dug a hole in the wall.in into in通常表示位置(静态);into表小动向,/、表小目的地或位置。We walked in the park.We walked into the park.through acro
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