新概念英语第二册笔记第58课[001].pdf

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1、第 1 页 Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise 【Text】The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a cursed tree.Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper,the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago,but it is only in recent years that it has

2、gained an evil reputation.It is said that if anyone touches the tree,he will have bad luck;if he picks a leaf,he will die.Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims.The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down,but so far he has refused.He has pointed out that

3、the tree cut down,but so far he has refused.He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income,as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it.In spite of all that has been said,the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.So far,not

4、 one of them has been struck down by sudden death!【课文翻译】据说弗林利这个小村里有一棵“该诅咒的树”。就因为报上提到过这棵树，所以现在来弗林利参观的人越来越多。该树是 50 年前栽在教堂附近的，但只是近几年才得到了一个坏名声。据说，谁要是触摸了这棵树，谁就会交上恶运；如果谁摘了一片树叶，谁就会死去。很多村民相信此树已经害了不少人。人们曾请求教区的牧师叫人把树砍掉，但他直到现在也没有同意。他指出，由于人们从全国各地纷纷前来参观这棵树，它成了一个有用的财源。尽管有上述种种说法，但游客们还是照常摘树叶和把他们的名字刻在树干上。然而到目前为止，还没有

5、一个人暴死呢！【New words and expressions】第 2 页 bleessing n 福分，福气 disguise n 伪装 tiny adj 极小的 possess v 拥有 cursed adj 可恨的 increase v 增加 plant v 种植 church n 教堂 evil adj 坏的 reputatio n 名声 claim v 以为其后果 victim n 受害者，牺牲品 vicar n 教区牧师 source n 来源 income n 收入 trunk n 树干 一 单词讲解：Blessing (single)神恩，福气，福分，神的保佑；祷告 ask

6、 for Gods blessing 求神保佑 say a blessing 做祷告 a blessing in disguise 初看似乎不幸，过后看来却是幸运的事；祸中福。塞翁失马焉知非福 count ones blessing 知足(数自己的福分）bless v 求神赐福于某人或某事；赐予某人健康，幸福及成功 eg eg Bless those who are hungry,lonely or sick.求神赐福于那些饥饿，孤独或患病的人。eg God bless you!上帝保佑你！（用作感叹词，表示谢意或情义，或人eg Youve bought me a present?Bless

7、you!你给我买了个礼物是吗？Disguise n 伪装 wear a beard as a disguise 带个络腮胡子来伪装 eg He was in disguise,so I couldnt recognize him.他乔装打扮过了，所以我没能辨认出来。eg She made no disguise of her contempt.她毫不掩饰的表示轻蔑之意。v 伪装，假扮 eg I couldnt disguise my anger.我无法掩饰自己的愤怒。eg He disuised himself as a woman for fun.他男扮女装只为了好玩。disguise on

8、es voice 改变说话的强调，发假声音 第 3 页 Tiny adj 极小的 tinytinertinest Small adj 小的 little adj 小的（含有可爱之意）mini-(构成复合词)minibus n 小公共汽车 miniskirt n 超短裙 minicab n 小的出租车 puny adj (贬义)弱小的，瘦小的，发育不全的，未充分发挥的 eg A tiny little girl was singing very well in TV.一个纤小的女孩在电视上唱的很好。possess v 拥有 eg They possess three cars.他们有三辆小汽车。

9、possess patience 有耐性 possess courage 有勇气 be possess with sth/be possess by sth(尤指人的思想）被控制，支配 She suddenly possessed with fear.她突然被恐惧的情绪所控制。eg She was suddenly possessed by fear.她突然感到非常的害怕。possession n u(ownership)领有，持有，具有 eg Ive had possession of this house for 7 years.我拥有这座房子已经 7 年了。c 财产 eg He lost

10、 all his possessions in the fire.他在大火中丧失所有的财产。be in possession of sth 拥有某物 eg He is in lawful possession of a shotgun.他合法地拥有一支猎枪。第 4 页 possessor n 拥有者（owner）possessed adj (被强烈的感情，恶魔等)缠附的，疯狂的 eg He studied like one possessed.他拼命的用功。eg He fought like a man possessed.他进行了殊死的战斗。eg Possession is nine poi

11、nts of the law.现实占有，败一胜九（占有或控制某物者打起官司来总占上风）cursed adj 可恨的，讨厌的（常做定语）相当于 hateful,unpleasant a cursed person 一个可恨的人 curse n 咒骂的话，咒语 be under a curse 被咒骂的 eg The witch laid a curse upon the princess.那个巫婆诅咒这个公主。The witch laid the princess under a curse.v 诅咒 eg He cursed(at)his bad luck.他诅咒他的坏运气。eg I curs

12、ed her for spoiling my plans.因为她破坏我的计划所以我诅咒她。Increase V 增加 Increase ones speed 加速 eg The population has increased greatly.人口急剧的增长。increased profits 增大的利润 increase inkri:s n 增加的量 a wage increase 工资增加额 eg an increase of nearly 50%over last year 比去年差不多了50%。a 50%increase 50%的增长 add to 增加，增加到 raise vt 提高

13、，增加 grow v 增加，成长 enlarge decline decreasev v 变大，扩大，增大(数量，力量，权利等)削减 变少，变小 reduce v 减少 Plant n.树木，植物 1 n 植物，树木 wilde plant 野生植物 第 5 页 garden plant 花园里的植物 plants and animals 动植物 2.n 工厂，生产 a chemical plant 化工厂 a power plant 电厂 3 v 种植，栽种 eg We are going to plant trees around the house.我们打算在房子周围种满树。eg Far

14、mers should know the time to plant.农民应该知道种植的时间。4 v 布置，安顿，固定 eg Policemen were planted along the route of the parade.警察被部署在游行的路线上。planter n 种植者或花盆 Church n 教堂，礼拜，礼拜仪式，去教堂（church 之前不加 the）Churchgoer n 按时去教堂做礼拜的人 Attend church 去做礼拜 At church/in church 在做礼拜 eg Church begins at 9 oclock.礼拜在 9:00 开始。eg Th

15、ey are at church.他们在做礼拜。as poor as a church mouse.像教堂的老鼠一样穷，一文不名 在 church 之前不加定冠词 the,类似的短语有：go to school 去上学 go to university/go to collage 去上大学 be out of hospital 出院 be sent to prison 入狱 be at work 在上班，在工作着 Evil 1.adj 道德败坏的，邪恶的 an evil reputation 一个恶名声 2 adj 令人不快的，坏的，有害的 an evil smell 难闻的气味 an evi

16、l temper 坏脾气 evil weather 恶劣的天气 give sb the evil eye 恶毒的目光 an evil tongue 说人坏话的恶习 reputation 1 c 名声 第 6 页 eg He has a good reputation as a doctor.他是一个名声很好的医生。eg He has a bad reputation as a doctor.他是一个名声很差的医生。eg She has a reputation for generosity.她以慷慨大方而出名。have a reputation for laziness 以懒惰出名 eg He

17、 has the reputation of being spiteful.他的坏心眼是出了名的。2 信誉 establish a reputation/build up a reputation/make a reputation 树立声誉 eg He is eager to win a reputation.他渴望获得声誉。eg If the fact is published,it will ruin your reputation.要是事实被公开的话，会毁了你的名声的。live up to ones reputation 不负盛名，行为与声望相符 claim 1 要求，索要（应得的权利

18、或claim the 索取保险金 claim the reward 要求奖赏 2 事故，灾难造成的人员伤亡现象 eg The earthquake claimed thousands of victims.地震造成成千上万的人死亡 3 v 声称，声言，断言 claim to do (某人)声称曾经.eg He claimed to have seen the Mona Lisa.他宣称他曾经看过蒙娜丽莎(那幅画)。claim that(宾语从句）eg The lawyer claimed that the defendant was not guilty.那个律师声称被告是无罪的。4 n 索赔

19、 5 n 权利，资格 eg They have no claim to this property.他们没有资格取得这些财产。victim 1 n 牺牲者，受害者 （同义词：sufferer)the victims of a plane crash 空难事件的受害者 the victims of a swindler 受骗者 eg Those children aer the sad victims of their parents divorce.第 7 页 那些孩子是父母亲离婚的受害者。2 n (祭神的)祭品，牺牲品 fall(a)victim to 成为的牺牲品 eg A man lik

20、e you easily falls victim to the greed of others.像你这样的人很容易成为别人贪婪的牺牲品。vicar 教区牧师 vicar minister(英国国教的)教区牧师 基督教的牧师 priest 基督教会的神职人员，牧师，神父 rector curate(英国国教的)牧区长；(天主教的)教区首席神甫 black coat 牧师 source 1 n 河流的发源地(starting point of a river）the source of the Nile 尼罗河的发源地 eg This stream has its source in Qingh

21、ai.这条河起源于青海。2 n 来源，出处 a limited source of income 有限的收入来源 news from a reliable source 来源可靠的消息 eg Idleness is the source of all evil.(谚)懒惰是万恶之源。eg Idleness is the root of all evil.(谚)懒惰是万恶之源。the source of the trouble 纷争的原因 3 n 消息来源，出处，可靠的根据 historical source 史料 eg I got the news from a reliable source

22、.我的消息非常可靠。a source book 原始资料 income 收入（最通用的词）eg whats your income?你的工资怎么样？eg I have an income of 200 dollars a week.我每周的收入是 200 美元。earned income 工作所得 unearned income 非工作所得 eg My income isnt enough to support my family.我的收入不够养家糊口。wage n 周薪 salary n 月薪 bonus n 奖金，红包 trunk 1 n 树干 第 8 页 eg The trunk of

23、that fir is about 2 meters thick.那颗冷杉的树干有 2 米那么粗。2 n 躯干 eg He had a powerful trunk.他身材伟岸。3 n 衣箱 eg She packed her trunk.他把衣箱填满了。4 n 干线，主流 the trunk of the Nile 尼罗河的主流 trunk call (英）长途电话（long distance call）二 Key structures：被动语态 1 有些动词置于被动语态后，可采用两种形式。这两种形式在含以上没有差别，但由于不定式结构更为简单，所以经常用不定式。1）to-不定式即：be do

24、ne to 2）that 从句即：it is said that eg People say that he is a genius.人们说他是天才。eg He is said to be a genius.他被说是个天才。eg It is said that he is a genius.据说他是一个天才。2 当一个动词带有双宾语时，两个宾语中任何一个都可做被动语态的主语，但间接做主语(指人的宾语)较为常见 eg The manager offered the vacant post to him.经理把空缺职位给了他。这句话有 2 个宾语，一个是空缺职位，另一个是他。eg He was o

25、ffered the vacant post.他被给了那个空缺的职位。间接宾语做主语 eg The vacant post was offered to him.空缺职位被给了他。直接宾语做主语。Exercise:把句子变为被动语态 1 She gave me a pen.I was given a pen.The pen was given to me.2 People say that there is oil under the North Sea.人们说在北海下面有石油。There be 句型 There is said to be oil under the North Sea.据说

26、北海下面有石油。把 there be 句型改为 there is said 第 9 页 It is said that there is oil under the North Sea.据说北海下面有石油。3 They are sending him abroad.他们正在送他出国。He is being sent abroad.他正在被他们送出国。Be being done 是正在进行时的被动形式。4 He asked me to wait for him.他让我等他。me 是宾语，后面动词不定式做宾语补足语。这样的句型该为被动语态时，宾语提前，宾语补足语要保留下来。I was asked

27、to wait for him.我被要求等他。was/were done 是一般过去时的被动语态 5 The police has found your wallet.警察已经找到你的钱包了。现在完成时 Your wallet has been found(by the police).你的钱包被警察找打了。现在完成时被动语态 has/have been done 三 课文讲解 1.The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a cursed tree.is said to possess是个被动语态，在被动语态it is said后面出现不定

28、式 to possess.这种结构可以换成that从句表达：It is said that the tiny village of Frinley possesses a cursed tree.据说Frinley这个小村庄有一颗受了诅咒的树.2.Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper,the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.mention v 对说，提mention to 对某人说 eg He mentioned to me that he was going to sell

29、his car.他对我说他打算把车卖了。eg He mentioned to event,but didnt go into details.他提到过这件事情，但没有细说。increase vt vi (在规模，数量和程度上)增加，增长 grow vi (动植物)成长，生长，在表示数量上增加时，可以代替increase eg The number of visitors has now increased.游客的人数增长了 The number of visitors has now grown.eg She has grown so much,she is nearly as tall as

30、 I am.她长了这么多了，差不多和我一样高了。the number of+(pl.)n 的数量，当这个短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数第 10 页 形式 eg The number of people who own color TVs is increasing every year.拥有彩电的人的数量逐年在增加。主语是the number of people,谓语动词是is increasing,留意是单数形式。a number of+pl.(谓语动词用复数)，表示许许多多 eg A number of books have been stolen from the library.The

31、number of stolen books is large.图书馆里很多书被盗了，被盗书的数量很大。注意2个谓语动词，当主语是a number of books 许多书时，谓语动词要用复数have been stolen；当主语是the number of stolen books 被盗图书的数量时，谓语动词是单数形式is.3.The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago,but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.it is only

32、in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.it is/was+被强调部分+that从句/who从句，这是一种强调句式。中间是被强调部分，可以是主语，状语，宾语等成分。eg It is yesteday that I saw you.是昨天我看到你的。Yesterday 是时间状语，当我强调昨天的时候，把yesterday放在it isthat中间起强调作用。eg It is Henry that was fined a large sum of money.是Henry被罚了一大笔钱。Henry是主语，对主语进行强调时，把主语放

33、在it isthat 中间。eg It is cathy that I like best.我最喜欢的就是Cathy.Cathy 在句中做宾语成分，强调宾语时，把宾语放在it isthat中间 eg It is in a small city that I spent my childhood.在一个小城市里我度过童年的。In a small city 是个地点状语，对地点状语强调也放在it isthat的中间。eg It is Lesson 59 that we will begin with.我们将从59课开始。Lesson 59 做with的介词宾语也放在it isthat 中间起强调作

34、用。当强调人的时候的句式是：it iswho gain gain time v 获得，得到（不能用于钱）（get,obtain)获得时间 gain 获得知识 gain favour 获得宠爱 第 11 页 4.It is siad that if anyone touches the tree,he will have bad luck;if he picks a leaf,he will die.it is said that 据说 it is reported that 据报道 it is believed that 据相信 it is eastimated that 据估计 it is

35、found that 据发现 it is well-known that 众所周知 含有被动语态 eg It is reported that President Bush is visiting Canada these days.据报道 Bush 总统近期正在访问加拿大。eg It is estimated that there will be half of the students tomorrow.据估计明天只有一半的学生了。eg It is said that he was put into prison.据说他被关进监狱了。eg it is well-known that he

36、is innocent.众所周知他是清白的。pick v 采摘 eg She has picked a lot of flowers.她摘了许多花。cut v 砍，切，割 eg She cut the apple into two.她把苹果切成2半了。die v 死 die for 为战死 die for ones country 为祖国而死，殉国 die for ones post 为职位而死，殉职 die of/die from/die by 因而死，后面加原因 eg She died of canser.她死于癌症。eg She died of old age.她因为年老而死。die f

37、rom overwork 因过度劳累而死亡（外因）die from wound 由于受伤而死亡（外因）die by drowning 淹死 die by fire 烧死 第 12 页 die by ones own hand 自杀 be dying for (口)渴望 eg He was dying for a drink.他渴望喝点什么东西。die away (声音，光线，风等)减弱，渐息 dead adj 死的，无生命的 dead leaves 枯叶 the dead 死人（指一类人）2 adj 完全的，绝对的 a dead silence 一片死寂 come to a dead stop

38、 完全停业 3 n 最黑暗，最寒冷的时候 in the dead of night 在深夜 in the dead of winter 在隆冬 death n 死亡 put someone to death 处死，杀死 starved to death 饿死 deadly adj 致命的，不共戴天的 a deadly wound 致命的伤口 a deadly weapon 凶器 5.Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims.claim v 索取某人性命，造成某人a number of

39、 许多牺牲者=many 6.The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down,but so far he has refused.have+宾语+p.p(过去分词做宾语补足语)表示动作不是have的主语完成的，而是别人执行的 eg Youd better have the dangerous building pulled down.你最好找人把这个危楼推到。eg I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理发了。（不是我自己理的，而是请理发师帮我理的)eg Id like to have the package weig

40、hed.我想请你帮我把这个包裹称一下。（即包裹被别人称）eg I had my bike repaired.我找人把车修了一下。so far 到目前为止 eg He has written three books so far.第 13 页 到目前为止他写了三本书了。eg I can only help him so far.我能帮他的仅止于此。go far 1 成功 eg He is hardworking and will go far.他工作和努力，会成功的。2 (钱，衣物等)经用，有价值的（用于否定句）eg A dollar doesnt go far these days.最近一美元

41、不管用了。go as far as/go so far as+不定式 竟然 eg He went so far as to call me an idiot.他竟然管我叫白痴。7.He has pointed out that the tree is a usuful source of income,as tourists have been coming from all parts of country to see it.point v 指 eg Its rude to point.指手画脚是不礼貌的。eg Thats the man who did it,she said point

42、ing at me.“那事是他干的，”她指着我说。Pointing at 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。point out 指出 point sth out 使注意某事物 point the finger(at sb)公开指责某人 point the way to sth/point the way towards sth 指出发展的可能性 tourist n 游客 tour n 旅游-ist 后缀，B2302以-ize结尾的动词结合，构成名词 dramatist n 剧作家，戏曲家 publicist n 国际法学家；评论家-ist 后缀，以-ism结尾的名词结合，“的信仰者；主义者；实行者”h

43、ave been coming 现在完成进行时，“一直”8.In spite of all that has been said,the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.in spite of 尽管，相当于 despite(prep)that has been said 定语从句，修饰all (现在完成时被动语态has/have been done）have been picking/have been cutting 现在完成进行时，表示不停的重复第 14 页 做某事 9.

44、So far,not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!not of 相当于 none of 一个都没有 strike down 将击倒 stricke-struckstruck eg Most people in the town were struck down with the strange fever.镇上大多数人被一种及怪的病魔击垮了 stricke 1 n 罢工 on stricke/go out on stricke 罢工 2 v 打，击，撞，罢工，闹罢工，忽然想到，打动的心 it strickes me that

45、 我认为.eg The clock struck eight.钟敲八点了。eg A good idea struck me.我突然想到一个好主意。eg They are stricking for better working conditons.他们正在罢工想争取更好的工作条件。stricke it rich （口）忽然变成大富翁 stricke home 一语道破 stricke off 删除，常用语被动形式 eg The lawyer was struck off for his illegal conduct.由于非法行为，这个律师被注销了资格。Special Difficulties

46、 区别：increase/grow，gain/earn,pick/cut 1)This fruit is fresh.I have just picked it.这个水果很新鲜，我刚刚采摘的。2)If you travel by air,you will gain time.如果你做飞机旅行，你将赢得更多时间。3)He earns 300 a week.他每周赚300美元。4)Judy has grown so much I can hardly recognize her.Judy长了这么多了，我差点认不出她了。Exercises 1 They say that Frinley has a

47、cursed tree.that引导的是一个宾语从句。句中缺少主语和谓语。A They say 他们说，人们说；做主语和谓语，后面引导宾语从句 B It said 它说，意思不对，应该是 It is said 才正确，据说 C Said 缺少主语 D It is saying 不合乎习惯用法，应该是 It is said 才对，据说 第 15 页 2 If anyone picked the leaves,he would die.该句中的if从句是过去时，那么主语就应该是过去将来时 would do.实际上这是个非真实条件句，是对不可能的事情假设，主句使用would do,从句是一般过去时。

48、A would B will C shall D would have 3 Despite all that has been said,the tourists have been picking leaves.句中的all that has been said 为名词性短语，可以作动词或介词的宾语。尽管有种种传闻，游客们一直在采摘树叶。A In spite 后面缺少介词of,不是正确的表达方式 B Despite 尽管，是介词，与 in spite of意思相同，最合乎语法 C Even 甚至 D Even so 虽然如此 这两个词都不是介词，后面都不能跟名词短语 4 This car is too costly and I dont think I can afford it.这辆车太贵了，我想我买不起。A worthy adj 有价值的，可敬的，值得的 B worth adj 值得的 C valueless adj 微不足道的 D costly adj 昂贵的，贵重的 谚语 1 Money doesnt grow on trees.钱不是树上长出来的。钱来之不易。2 Money talks.有钱好办事，无钱则难办；钱可通神；有钱能使鬼推磨。