小学英语常见时态与语法(讲解与练习).pdf

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1、最新资料推荐 小学英语语法【一】一般现在时 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。二、一般现在时的构成 1.be 动词：肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：肯定句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he

2、,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,2以 s.x.sh.ch.o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es，如：study-studies 特殊：have-has 三、一般现在时的变化 1.be 动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-

3、Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Do you often play football?-Yes,I do./No,I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：-Does sh

4、e go to work by bike?-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：How does your father go to work?练习 1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _(be)in Class One.最新资料推荐 3.We _(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5._ they _(like)the World Cup?6.What _they often _(do

5、)on Saturdays?7._ your parents _(read)newspapers every day?8.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.9.She and I _(take)a walk together every evening.10.There _(be)some water in the bottle.11.Mike _(like)cooking.12.They _(have)the same hobby.13.My aunt _(look)after her baby carefully.14.You always _(

6、do)your homework well.15.I _(be)ill.Im staying in bed.16.She _(go)to school from Monday to Friday.17.Liu Tao _(do)not like PE.18.The child often _(watch)TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have)eight lessons this term.20.What day _(be)it today?Its Saturday.小学英语语法【二】现在进行时 现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发

7、生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词 ing.3现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+be+主语+动词 ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be+动词 ing?标志词：look now listen Its+点钟 动词加 ing 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加 ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting,writewriting,最新

8、资料推荐 rideriding,havehaving comecoming dancedancing liveliving taketaking skateskating 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing，如：swim swimming beginbeginningrun-running,sitsitting putputting getgetting shopshopping stop-stopping 现在进行时练习 1.The boy _(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the cl

9、assroom.3.My mother _(cook)some nice food now.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.6.They _(not,water)the flowers now.7.Look!the girls _(dance)in the classroom.8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen)to music.9.Its 5 oclock now.We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash)clothe

10、s?Yes,she is.小学英语语法【三】一般将来时 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,the day after tomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：be going to+do；will+do.三、否定句：在 be 动词（am,is,are）后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not 成 wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon.Im not going to have a picnic

11、 this afternoon.四、一般疑问句：be 或 will 提到句首，some 改为 any,and改为 or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who 最新资料推荐 例如：Im going to New York soon.Whos going to New York soon.2.问干什么。What do.例如：My father is go

12、ing to watch a race with me this afternoon.What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine.When is she going to bed?六、同义句：be going to=will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）.=I will go swimming tomorrow.练习 11.Today is a sunny day.We _(have)

13、a picnic this afternoon.12.My brother _(go)to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often _(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He _(go)to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends?I usually _(watch)TV and _(catch)insects?15.Its Friday today.What _she _(do)this weekend?She _(watch)TV and_(catch)in

14、sects.16.What _(d0)you do last Sunday?I _(pick)apples on a farm.What _(do)next Sunday?I _(milk)cows.17.Mary _(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao _(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.19.David _(give)a puppet show next Monday.20.I _(plan)for my study now 小学英语语法【四】一般过去时 一、一般过去时语法介绍 1一般过去时表示过

15、去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。最新资料推荐 2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was。（was not=wasnt）are 在一般过去时中变为 were。（were not=werent）带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is,am,are 一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把 was 或 were调到句首。3 句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt+动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yest

16、erday.一般疑问句：在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?二、动词过去式变化规则 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字

17、母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式：词义 现在（原形）过去式 词义 现在（原形）过去式 是 am,is(be)was 忘记 forget forgot 是 are(be)were 得到 get got 成为 become became 给 give gave 开始 begin began 走 go went 弯曲 bend bent 成长 grow grew 吹 blow blew 有 have,has had 买 buy bought 听 hear heard 能 can could 受伤 hurt hurt 最新资料推荐 捕捉 c

18、atch caught 保持 keep kept 选择 choose chose 知道 know knew 来 come came 学习 learn learned,learnt 切 cut cut 允许，让 let let 做 do,does did 躺 lie lay 画 draw drew 制造 make made 饮 drink drank 可以 may might 吃 eat ate 意味 mean meant 感觉 feel felt 会见 meet met 发现 find found 必须 must must 飞 fly flew 放置 put put 读 read read 将

19、 shall should 骑、乘 ride rode 唱歌 sing sang 响、鸣 ring rang 坐下 sit sat 跑 run ran 睡觉 sleep slept 说 say said 说 speak spoke 看见 see saw 度过 spend spent 扫 sweep swept （一）用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1.I _ at school just now.2.He _ at the camp last week.3.We _ students two years ago.4.They _ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang L

20、ing _ eleven years old last year.6.There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7.There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.五、行为动词的过去时练习一（一）用行为动词的适当形式填空 1.He _(live)in Wuxi two years ago.2.The cat _(eat)a bird last night.3.We _(have)a party last Halloween.最新资料推荐 4.Nancy _(pick)up oranges on the farm last

21、 week.5.I _(make)a model ship with Mike yesterday.6.They _(play)chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7.My mother _(cook)a nice food last Spring Festival.8.The girls _(sing)and _(dance)at the party.小学英语语法【五】现在完成时 1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。My daughter has just gone o

22、ut.我女儿刚出去。Im sure weve met before.我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived.她到了。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet等。如：I havent heard from her these days.这些日子我没有收到她的信。We havent seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。She has been

23、with us since Monday.3）.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.have been to 和 have gone to 的区别 have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to 主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your mother?-你妈妈在哪？-She has gone

24、to the hospital.-她去医院了。一 结构 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他 2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他 3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 最新资料推荐 Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+have/has+not 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 二 常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语 注 意:.现 在 完 成 时 不 能 单 独 与 准 确 时 间 连 用，(如 表 示 过 去 的 时 间 状 语）如yesterday(morning、afte

25、rnoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与 for,since 连用.1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如 already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑问）,just,before,recently,still,lately，Just,already,yet,ever,never,before,twice(重复性时间)，for+短时间，since+点时间，so far,how long 提问的疑问句中.He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently(late

26、ly).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?2.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 ever,never,twice,several times等:Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times.It is still good.George has met that gentleman several

27、 times.3.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years,just,up to present(now),so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.三 当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。最新资料推荐 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词

28、之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。1.持续性动词:表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep 等。2.瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的-begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,get up,arrive,reach,get to,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happe

29、n,join,lose,renew,die,take away,put up,set out,put on,get on/off 等 3.瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换 He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.（他参军已有 3 年了。）不用 has joined She has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不用 has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long t

30、ime?（离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here）5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated

31、 17、joinbe in（）或 be amember 18、becomebe 4.瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用 例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）一、单项选择 1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _whats happened to him.knew .have known .must know .will know 最新资料推荐 2、He has _ been to Shanghai,has he?.already .never .ever .still 3、Have y

32、ou met Mr.Li _？.just .ago .before .a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.has changed;well .changed;good.has changed;better .changed;better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this

33、 school for two years.was;studying .will;study.has;studied .are;studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.know .had known .have known .knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.will see .have seen .saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States Really?When _ there?.will

34、they go .did they go.do they go .have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet?Yes.I _ it a moment ago.Did;do;finished .Have;done;finished.Have;done;have finished .will;do;finish 11、His father _ the Party since 1978.joined .has joined .was in D.has been in 12、Do you know him well?Sure.We _ friends sin

35、ce ten years ago.were .have been .have become .have mad 113、How long have you _ here?About two months.最新资料推荐.been .gone .come .Arrived 14、Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.has begun .had begun.has been on .Began 15、It _ ten years since he left the army.is .has .will .Was 16、Miss Green isnt in the

36、office.she _ to the library.has gone .went .will go .has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years.have been in .have been to .have gone to .have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?A.so they B.dont they C.have they D.havent they 19has Mr White been a member of Greener China since het

37、o China?A.How soon,comes B.How often,got C.How long,came D.How far,arrived 20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to work C.has lived there D.has left the university 小学英语语法【六】过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨

38、天的这个时候我正在做作业。They were waiting for you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。过去进行时的构成：肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing 否定形式：主语+was not(wasnt)/were not(werent)+V-ing 疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing。基本用法：1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment,(at)this time yesterday(last night/Sunday/week),at+点钟+yesterday(last night

39、/Sunday)，when sb.did sth 等时间状语从句，如：最新资料推荐 What were you doing at 7p.m.yesterday?昨天晚上七点你在干什么？I first met Mary three years ago.She was working at a radio shop at the time.我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。I was cooking when she knocked at the door.她敲门时我正在做饭。2.when 后通常用表示暂短性动词，while 后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，

40、谓语动词常用进行时态，如：When the car exploded I was walking past it.=While I was walking past the car it exploded.3.when 用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。4.when 作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：I was t

41、aking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了 一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较：一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。如：Tom wrote a letter to his friend last night.汤姆昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）Tom was writing a letter to his friend last night.汤姆昨晚一直在给

42、他的朋友写信。（信不一定写完，只是强调了动作的延续性）。过去进行时和一般过去时的差别：一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态”，而过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。例如：I was reading an English novel last night.昨晚我在看一本英文小说。（可能没看完）I read an English novel last night 我昨晚看了一本英文小说。（已经看完）最新资料推荐 二、选择题。（）1.I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.a.cooked,were ringing b.was cooking

43、,rang c.was cooking,were ringing d.cooked,rang（）2.He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a.tries b.tried c.was trying d.will try（）3.While she _ TV,she _ a sound outside the room.a.was watching,was hearing b.watched,was hearing c.watched,heard d.was watching,heard（）4.They _ a foo

44、tball game from 7 to 9 last night.a.were watching b.watchc.watched d.are watching（）5.What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a.did,read,was seeing b.did,read,saw c.were,reading,saw d.were,reading,was seeing（）6.It was Friday evening.Mr and Mrs.Green _ ready to fly to England.a.are

45、getting b.get c.were getting d.got（）7.Lei Feng _ always _ of others when he _ in the army.a.is,thinking,was b.was,thinking,is c.did,think,is d.was,thinking,was（）8.A girl _ my pen fall off the table when she _ me.a.saw,passed b.was seeing,passed c.was seeing,passed d.was seeing,was passing（）9.We _ fo

46、r tom at ten last Sunday.He often kept us _.a.were waiting,waiting b.were waiting,wait c.waited,waiting d.waited,wait（）10.He _ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.a.helps b.would help c.was helping d.is helping（）11.While mother _ some washing,I _ a kite for Kate.a.did,made b.was

47、 doing,made 最新资料推荐 c.was doing,was making d.did,was making（）12.“_ you angry then?”“they _ too much noise.”a.are,were making b.were,were making c.are,made d.were,made（）13.He _ some cooking at that time,so _ me a.did,heard b.did,didnt hear c.was doing,heard d.was doing,didnt hear（）14.This time yesterd

48、ay jack _ his bike.He _ TV a.repaired,didnt watch b.was repairing,watched c.repaired,watched d.was repairing,wasnt watching（）15.His parents wanted to know how he _ on with his new classmates.a.was getting b.gets c.is getting d.will get 小学英语语法（七）（Have、Has 和 There be 结构）一、Have、Has 和 There be 结构 1、Ther

49、e be结构包括 there is there are there was there were 2、意思都是有。3、和 have、has、had 的区别：（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）（2）在 there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is;主语是复数，be 动词用 are;如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近 be 动词的那个名词决定。即遵循就近原则。（3）there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not,一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。（4）there be 句型与 have(has)的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(h

50、as)表示某人拥有某物。（5）some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。（6）and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many+名词复数+are there+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？（8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats+介词短语？（9）There be 结构一般用在句子的开头，而 have 等词只能用于某一个主语后面。最新资料推荐 Fill in the b