英语六级题.pdf

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1、1 The promise of finding long-term technological solutions to the problem of world food shortages seems difficult to fulfill.Many innovations that were once heavily supported and publicized have since fallen by the wayside.The proposals themselves were technically feasible,but they proved to be econ

2、omically unviable and to yield food products culturally unacceptable to their consumers.One characteristic common to unsuccessful food innovations has been that,even with extensive government support,they often have not been technologically adapted or culturally acceptable to the people for whom the

3、y had been developed.A successful new technology,therefore,must fit the entire social cultural system in which it is to find a place.Security of crop yield,practicality of storage,and costs are much more significant than previously been realized by the advocates of new technologies.The adoption of n

4、ew food technologies depends on more than these technical and cultural considerations;economic factors and governmental policies also strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation.Economists in the Anglo-American tradition have taken the lead in investigating the economics of technologic

5、al innovation.Although they exaggerate in claiming that profitability is the key factor guiding technical changethey completely disregard the substantial effects of culturethey are correct in stressing the importance of profits.Most technological innovations in agriculture can be fully used only by

6、large landowners and are only adopted if these profit-oriented business people believe that the innovation will increase their incomes.Thus,innovations that carry high rewards for big agribusiness groups will be adopted even if they harm segments of the population and reduce the availability of food

7、 in a country.Further,should a new technology promise to alter substantially the profits and losses associated with any production system,those with economic power will strive to maintain and improve their own positions.Therefore,although technical advances in food production and processing will per

8、haps be needed to ensure food availability,meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among the various segments of the populations within the developing countries themselves.1.The passage mentions all of the following as factors important to the success of a new food crop

9、 except the _.A.practicality of storage of the crop.B.security of the crop yield.C.quality of the crops protein.D.cultural acceptability of the crop.2.The author suggests that,in most emerging countries,extensive government intervention accompanying the introduction of a food innovation will _.A.usu

10、ally be sufficient to guarantee the financial success of the innovation.B.be necessary to ensure that the benefits of the innovation will be spread throughout the society.C.normally occur only when the innovation favors large landowners.D.generally cost the country more than will be earned by the in

11、novation.3.The first paragraph of the passage best supports which of the following statements？A.Too much publicity can harm the chances for the success of a new food innovation.B.Innovations that produce culturally acceptable crops will generally be successful.C.A food-product innovation can be tech

12、nically feasible and still not be economically viable.D.It is difficult to decide whether a food-product innovation has actually been a success.4.The author provides a sustained argument to uphold which of the following assertions？A.Profitability is neither necessary nor sufficient for a new technol

13、ogy to be adopted.B.Profitability is the key factor guiding technological change.C.Economic factors and governmental policies strongly influence the ultimate success of any innovation.D.Innovations carrying high rewards for big agribusiness groups harm the poor.5.The primary purpose of the passage i

14、s to discuss the _.A.means of assessing the extent of the world food shortage.B.difficulties of applying technological solutions to the problem of food shortages.C.costs of introducing a new food technology into a developing country.D.nature of the new technological innovations in the area of food p

15、roduction.2 What most people dont realize is that wealth isnt the same as income.If you make$1 million a year and spend$1 million,youre not getting wealthier,youre just living high.Wealth is what you accumulate,not what you spend.The most successful accumulators of wealth spend far less than they ca

16、n afford on houses,cars,vacations and entertainment.Why Because these things offer little or no return.The wealthy would rather put their money into investments or their businesses.Its an attitude.Millionaires understand that when you buy a luxury house,you buy a luxury life style too.Your property

17、taxes skyrocket,along with the cost of utilities and insurance,and the prices of nearby services,such as grocery stores,tend to be higher.The rich mans attitude can also be seen in his car.Many drive old unpretentious sedans.Sam Walton,billionaire founder of the Wal Mart Store,Inc.,drove a pickup tr

18、uck.Most millionaires measure success by net worth,not income.Instead of taking their money home,they plow as much as they can into their businesses,stock portfolios and other assets.Why Because the government doesnt tax wealth;it taxes income you bring home for consumption,the more the government t

19、axes.The person who piles up net worth fastest tends to put every dollar he can into investments,not consumption.All the while,of course,hes reinvesting his earnings from investments and watching his net worth soar.Thats the attitude as well.The best wealth-builders pay careful attention to their mo

20、ney and seek professional advice.Those who spend heavily on cars,boats and buses,Ive found,tend to skimp on investment advice.Those who skimp on the luxuries are usually more willing to pay top dollar for good legal and financial advice.The self-made rich develop clear goals for their money.They may

21、 wish to retire early,or they may want to leave an estate to their children.The goals vary,but two things are consistent:they have a dollar figure in mind-the amount they want to save by age 50,perhaps and they work unceasingly toward that goal.One thing may surprise you.If you make wealth not just

22、income your goal,the luxury house youve been dreaming about wont seem so alluring.Youll have the attitude.1.Which of the following statements is true？A.Wealth is judged according to the life style one has.B.Inheritance builds an important part in ones wealth.C.High income may make one live high and

23、get rich t the same time.D.Wealth is more of what one has made than anything else.2.By the authors opinion,those who spend money on luxury houses and cars_.A.will not be taxed by the government B.have accumulated wealth in another sense C.live high and have little saved D.can show that they are amon

24、g the rich 3.The rich put their money into business because_.A.they can get much in return to build their wealth B.they are not interested in luxury houses and cars C.their goal is to develop their company D.that is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the government 4.The U.S.governme

25、nt doesnt tax what you spend money on _.A.cars Bhouses C.stock D.boats 5.To become wealthy,one should_.A.seek as much income as he can B.work hard unceasingly C.stick to the way he lives D.save up his earnings 3 It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as“hard”,the social scien

26、ces as“soft,”and the biological sciences as somewhere in between.This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical system is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems,and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems.In terms of our capacity of sample the r

27、elevant universes,however,and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct,one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable.We are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe b

28、eing investigated.Our knowledge of social systems,therefore,while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate,is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning,spending,organizing,marrying,taking part in polit

29、ical activities,fighting and so on,is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived form the social sciences,even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.In contrast,our image of the astronomical universe,or even if earths geolo

30、gical history,ca easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out.If we define the“security”of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes,then we would reverse the order for hardness and as th

31、e most secure,the physical sciences as the least secure,and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between.Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biologica

32、l systems.Records of the astronomical universe,despite the fact that we learnt things as they were long age,are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon,which we have actually visited,theories about its origin and history are extremely different,contradictory,and ha

33、rd to choose among.Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and insecure.1.The word“paradox”(Line 1,Para.1)means“_”.A.implication B.contradiction C.interpretation D.confusion 2.Accroding to the author,we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as“hard”and the social scien

34、ces as“soft”because _.A.a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences B.our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systems C.our understanding of the social systems is approximately correct D.we are better able to investigate social phenome

35、na than physical phenomena 3.The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because_.A.it is not based on personal experience B.new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences C.it is based on a fairly representative quantity of data

36、 D.the records of social systems are more reliable 4.The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggest because _.A.contradictory theories keep emerging all the time B.new information is constantly coming in C.the direction of their development is difficult to predic

37、t D.our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate 5.We know less about the astronomical universe than we don about any social system because _.A.theories of its origin and history are varied B.our knowledge of it is highly insecure C.only a very small sample of it has been observed D.few scienti

38、sts are involved in the study of astronomy 4 What does the future hold for the problem of housing A good deal depends,of course,on the meaning of“future”.If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age,it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and eart

39、hly problems as housing.Writers of science fiction,from H.G.Wells onwards,have had little to say on the subject.They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort,with every conceivable apparatus to make life smooth,healthy and easy,if not happy.But they have not said what his hou

40、se will be made of.Perhaps some new building material,as yet unimagined,will have been discovered or invented at least.One may be certain that bricks and mortar(泥灰，灰浆)will long have gone out of fashion.But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined.Scientists have alread

41、y pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the worlds rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food(or both),millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this century is out.But nobody has yet worked

42、out any plan for housing these growing populations.Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world,where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low.But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teem

43、ing,bulging towns the low-standard“housing”of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.Since the war,Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation.Literally millions of refug

44、ees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor（肮脏）and disease and the spread crime.The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements（贫民住宅）are rising at an astonishing aped.But Hong Kong is only one sm

45、all part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem,because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education,transport,hospital services,drainage,water supply and so on.Not every area may give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw u

46、pon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.1.What is the authors opinion of housing problems in the first paragraph？A.They may be completely solved at sometime in the future.B.They are unimportant and easily dealt with.C.They will not be solved until a new bu

47、ilding material has been discovered.D.They have been dealt with in specific detail in books describing the future.2.The writer is sure that in the distant future _.A.bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building material.B.a new building material will have been invented.C.bricks and mort

48、ar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionable.D.a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered.3.The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to confront the world before the end of the century _.A.is difficult to foresee.B.will be how to feed the ever g

49、rowing population.C.will be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the world.D.is the question of finding enough ground space.4.When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in backward areas,he is referring to the fact that in these par

50、ts _.A.standards of building are low.B.only minimum shelter will be possible.C.there is not enough ground space.D.the population growth will be the greatest.5.Which of the following sentences best summarizes Paragraph 3？A.Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugees.B.Hong Kon