英国文学简史期末考试复习要点-刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备).pdf

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1、-英国文学史资料 Britis tes an Wo 一、中世纪文学(约 5 世纪1485）贝奥武甫（Bowulf）高文爵士和绿衣骑士(ir Gawain nd the ren Kniht)杰弗利乔叟(Geoffrey Cucer)“英国诗歌之父”。(Fate of Englis Poery）坎特伯雷故事(The Cateruy T）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15 世纪后期7 世纪初）托马斯莫尔（Thoas ore）乌托邦（Utopia)埃德蒙斯宾塞（dmnd ese)仙后(The Ferie Queee)弗兰西斯培根（Fani Bacon）论说文集（say)克里斯托弗马洛 Chistper aow

2、e 帖木儿大帝(Tmburlai)浮士德博士的悲剧（e Tagical Hitory of he Life and Death o D Ftus）马耳他岛的犹太人（Th Je Malta)威廉莎士比亚Willim haepare 喜剧仲夏夜之梦（A Mdumr ights ram）、威尼斯商人（The Mcant of nice)悲剧罗密欧与朱丽叶(Romeo and Juliet)、哈姆莱特（Hale）、奥赛罗（heo)、李尔王（King Ler)、麦克白(Macbeh）历史剧亨利四世(enry IV)传奇剧暴风雨(The epest）本琼生 e ohnsn 人人高兴(very Man i

3、Hi Huor)狐狸(Volpon)练金术士（he Alceist）-三、世纪文学 约翰弥尔顿 oh Miltn 失乐园（Pradise Lst）复乐园（Paraise egained)诗剧力士参孙（So Agoniste）约翰班扬(John Buny)天路历程（Th lgrim rogress）威廉康格里夫（Willia Cogrev)以爱还爱(ove f Lov)如此世道（The Wa of th Word)四、启蒙时期文学（17 世纪后期8 世纪中期)18 世纪初,新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性,强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。亚历山大蒲柏（Alexne P

4、pe)是新古典主义诗歌的代表。乔纳森斯威夫特 onaan wift 格列佛 丹尼尔笛福 Danl Defo 英国小说之父 鲁滨孙漂流记(Rin Csoe）亨利菲尔丁 H Feldin 汤姆琼斯（Tm Joe)乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 格列佛游记 Guliers Travs 丹尼尔笛福 Dniel Defo 英国小说之父 鲁滨孙漂流记(Rbis Croe）亨利菲尔丁 enry Fieldin 汤姆琼斯(To Jones）奥利弗哥尔德斯密斯 Oliver Goldsit 荒村(The Desertd Vila）詹姆斯汤姆逊 James Thmn 四季歌（The Sasons）威

5、廉柯林斯 William Coli 黄昏颂（de to Evening)托马斯格雷 has Gray 墓园哀歌（Eegy Witten in Countr Ccyard）五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-132)-罗伯特彭斯 Robrt Bns 威廉布莱克 William Blk 威廉华兹华斯 Willia Wordsrt 塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治 Samel Taor lerdge 抒情歌谣集(Lyricl Balas）yron,hley,eat 六、现实主义时期文学(19 世纪年代-1918)（维多利亚时代 1821901)罗伯特布朗宁 Rot rowng 戏剧独白 皮帕走过了（Pipa Paes

6、)指环与书（Te Rng and te Bo）阿尔弗雷德丁尼生 ld Tennyson 悼念(I Memori A H.H)勃朗特三姐妹 夏洛蒂勃朗特 Chrlotte Brote 简爱（Ja Eye）艾米丽勃朗特 Emly Bron 呼啸山庄（Wuering Heghs)安妮勃朗特 Ann Brte 阿格尼斯格雷(Agnes Gey)。托马斯哈代 Thom ardy 德伯家的苔丝（Ts of the DUreviles)无名的裘德 (Jue he Oscure）查尔斯狄更斯 Cals es 雾都孤儿(Oliver Twist)大卫科波菲尔(avid Copefied)远大前程(Gra Exp

7、ctations）荒凉山庄（Bleak House)双城记（A Tae f To Cties）-一 Old gis Literatr The ate Mediel As 中世纪文学（约 5 世纪1485 Beowlf贝奥武夫：the naol ic o the Anglo-Saxons Ep:lng narrative poms h recd the adventures r heroic eds of a hero ecte i as ladcps Th stle of pc is gran and elevatd.g Home Ilad and Odssy Asti featrs:1.Ui

8、n lliteraton efitn of alliteratio:a roica dvce,meaning o words n entnce begn wih th m cosonant ond(头韵)Some exampls on P5 2.Uing metaphor d ueratmn efinion f unstent:xpreng someth in a controled ay Unerstaemnt i a tpcal wa for Englshm t exprss their ieas eofery Cauer 杰弗里乔叟 1340(?)1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首

9、先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（Jhn rden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。）e father of Enih poety.is _lone who，for e fst ie in Elish lerate，presnted to u a comprenv(综合的，广泛的)realsti icture f the Enlh society of his time an create a whoe gally of id chaactr frm al alk of life.(A)A Geofy Cuer B.Matn Luhe C lia Lnland D.Jon Gower

10、 ritin style:iom，umo,huanty.坎特伯雷故事集：fist tme to use heroic coulet(双韵体)by middle Englih 声誉之宫 Medival Ages popular Lter form:Ra（传奇故事）Famous tree:ng Arthr Si awain ad n Knht Beoulf I Te Renasance Period 文艺复兴时期文学(1世纪后期17 世纪初)-perd o drama n ety.The izaetha drama the re manstrea of the Enlish Renassnce.R

11、enissance:h activiy,spirit,or tie of the grea riva of art,litratue，and leaning i urpe beginng in the 14h cntry and extend to the 17th cetury,mrkin the tasto fm the mediel t the dern world.Two feurs 1.tirting ursity for e lasic litertue 2.te ken intert in the aivities of huait T Renassance ks a trasi

12、ton fro the meieval to the modern orld.Te Renaissnce s a hsoical priod n hih the uropean huans thinkers a scholars made atemt:(1)to get id of se ld fudalist ds n mediv Eroe,(2)to itroc ne iea tht exressed th interest of the iing ourgeoi，(3)t recver the purit f te early curch rom the crrptin of th Ro

13、ma Catlic Church.Thr historcal events of te enaisce rebirth o rvivl:1.w disoere i graph an astrolo 2.the relious reormtion nd ecnomic exanin 3.ricovery of acent Rma nd reek cultre he mot fau drmaits:Chritor Marlowe ilia Sksea Ben oson.nglish enaisnce:the ely 16th cenry to the erl 1th centuy.1.Edund

14、Spens r 埃德蒙斯宾塞 1551599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）he pots et.he fist to be bred in th oes corr of Westermister Abbey 12 h of the followin statee s nt the reason fo that Emd Spenser s famus for“the poets pet”?(B）A.Spenser ieasm B his suggle for criti C.hi ove of beauty D.quiste lody 仙后(fr Qen Eizabeth)The theme i

15、 no“ms ad th an”,ut methng moe rmantic“Fiee wars an faihfull love”Artistic featur:1.Usin Sesria Saza Defiitn o Spenserian Stanza:a stnza of i ie abbbcc.Eight lines i ambi entamee,nd lat line in iambic emete.The Shepherds alendar牧人日历 Te teme is t lamt ove he los of slind.moetti爱情小唱-2.Thos More 托马斯莫尔

16、178155 On o the gretest lsh hnists 学术的推进 Esys随笔(famus ota:Of sudi）The teme of Of Stdies:ses n benef of tudy and ifferent was adopted b dffent eople t prsue studis.4.Ben Json 狐狸 5.Chrstohr arowe 柯里斯托弗马洛 1564155“Univesit Wits”，te ponee of Engish dra（完善了无韵体诗。)Blnk vrse:wittn n nhymd abic petameter.Mrlo

17、we gve w ig o _ th hs“ighty line”(D)A h Petrarhan sonne B sstina C.terz rma D.blnk verse Th Traial Histoy of Doc sus浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）帖木耳大帝 马耳他的犹太人 6 llim hakesre 威廉莎士比亚 161616 Hisral plys:Hry V;enry V:Richard II;Henry V；ichard II；Henry VII For Comedies:As You Lie 皆大欢喜;第十二夜;仲夏夜之梦；Mecnt Of Venic威尼

18、斯商人 Fou rgdies：哈姆莱特；奥赛罗;李尔王;cbth麦克白 Shakesper Snt：54 Tree qin and on coul,ababcdefeg sonet i yri cosisting of 4 lines，uul in iambic pentameer ercted t defntin yme sche II e 17th Ce7 世纪文学 1.John Milton约翰弥尔顿 16017（诗人、政论家；失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。）-ics:Paradis Lot失乐园 复乐园Dmatic poem:力士参孙 Areopagica论出版自由 h Defe

19、e of h nglis Pepl为英国人民声辩 我的失明 Thi ont rte n amic entametr rhyed in ab abba cde ce，ypa o Itia sonn It ee is tha peope us their aet r G,and they srv him best o can nur the uferig best.2.John Bnyan 约翰班扬 16868(代表作天路历程,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。)ta poe(清教徒派诗人)Reli

20、gionay Alleory:Te Pigrims Progrss天路历程 3 John Dn the ehyicl ot(玄学派诗人).etaphysica Potry(玄学诗):(用语）he tion is simp,the iagry s rom the aal，(形式）th form is fequetly a arument ith the poets beloved,with god,or with hmel.（主题:ove，igous,though)Artisic eaure:1.oncts or iagery 奇思妙喻 2.yloi三段论 Mitions 沉思录 Te Flea

21、 虱子 Sons And Snnets Hol Sonets Va icin:Frbdn Mourning Th 8th Cntury 启蒙时期文学(17 世纪后期18 世纪中期）:nligtennt 同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。A revia of iterest n the d lssicl woks,re,lo，rstrained emtion(抑制情感)an ccuac Age o Enlightenmnt/Reason:th movemen a frtherace of t

22、e Renissance of te 15h an th ceni,a prrssive nelleal moveme,easo(ationality),ualtyscince(the 18t cntry)小说崛起:In the mid-cetuy，he ewy litery or,odern Enlish nvel rised(realisi nel 现实主义小说)Gothi nove(哥特式小说）:mstery,horrr,castles(rom middle par o t end of ceur)1.Alexnr Ppe 亚历山大蒲柏68814-(1世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄

23、双韵体”/“hroc oplet”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。)A a ersenatie of he Enlightenmn，Poe w oe of the ist to introduce rationlism to England.g.Aong the repsentives of te Enlightenment，ho as one of te firt to iuc rionlism England？（C)A.John unyan B.Daniel eoe C.Aexnder Pope .Jnaha wift 卷发遇劫记 Mal Esys道德论Essay o Mn人论 愚人记 2.

24、amul ohnsn 塞缪尔约翰逊 170184 Diinay=英语大词典 3 Jonathan Sif乔纳森斯威夫特 1667745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家 a mater strist。)格列佛游记(fictioal work)Fur parts:liput 小人国 obdgnag 大人国 Flyin Isl 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛 一个小小的建议 书战 木桶的故事 一个麻布商的书信 4 Daniel Defe 丹尼尔笛福660131（小说家,新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。)e s e st wrir study of the lowr-ls p

25、eople，his lanuage is smoh,sy，colouial nd mstly rcuar，and e i th foundr f rlitic noe 鲁宾逊漂流记 t pra the fritude of the human labor nd t Puritan Roon grew ro a naiv and atless yuth into a shwd and hardened m,teered by numerus trial in is eventul lif.t i a denture ory,Roinon,narres how he ges to ea,gt ip

26、eed nd mrone on lonely island,stuggles to live or 24yeas there an final ge rleved ad retuns to Englnd 5 Henr Fieding 亨利菲尔丁 1701754(英国小说家,戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。)H i aled“ahe f Enlish novel”He was the irst t write a“ic epi rose”(散文体史诗),and th firs to gie the od novel its srucure nd style.oels:h istry of To

27、Jones,a Fundling弃婴汤姆琼斯-The istoy th dventure f Joseh Adres约瑟夫安德鲁 大诗人江奈生威尔德 mla爱米利亚 plas:一七三六年历史记事 Do Qixote in Engln堂吉柯德在英国.Oliver Goldmih 奥利弗格尔德斯密斯7301774 poems：旅游人 荒村 noel:he Vica o akfiel威克菲尔德牧师传 7.Rchrd Brinley Sidan 理查德布林斯利施莱登75186 造谣学校 8 Wila Bake 威廉布莱克 17571827 天真之歌 A hpy ad nnocent word rom

28、hildrns eye 经验之歌 A wor of miery,poverty,isease,war ad reresio wih a melnholy oe fom men eys.Ilude:h Chie Sweeer Lamb is mbol of pee an puri yger s a symbo f dead nd ioence Te Marriag of Heven and Hl天堂与地狱的婚姻 9.Ret Brs 罗伯特彭斯7591796 T gratet cottish poe in the a 8th cenry.Pems hifly in e Sot Dilect 主要用

29、苏格兰方言写的诗 约翰安德生,我的爱人 一朵红红的玫瑰 往昔时光 不管那一套 My Hert n the iglns我的心在那高原上 The Tree f Lberty Th omantic Peiod 浪漫主义时期文学（1798-182）The romantic perid ega in 19 h pubicion of odsworh an Coerde Lyca Balad，nd end i 1832 with Sir altr ctts da-ersy Bysshe Sheey 波西比希雪莱792 Petic Dra：Prometheu Ubound解放了的普罗米修斯 hem:te d

30、rma ceebris ans victor over yrann and opressio 麦布女王 伊斯兰的反叛 钦契一家 诗辩 无神论的必要性 Lyrics:西风颂 Th:he uth xres his eageness to enjoy th bndless feedo fro th elity.Comar he s wind t etroyer of te l who divs the las si of lie from the tes,and peserr f the new wh scater the eads shic il me o li in te spring Tis

31、is a poem about rnewal,abou the wnd blowing lfe ack int a thing,ili not us a a of lif（wi wol end at death)u a ccle,wich ny stt agan whn somehig dies.Cmment:Pey Bysse Sleys d to he est ind is written i mc paete I tains ie sonnt length tanas,ech with cosig oulet.The rhying scheme for is aba bc dc d ee

32、 The one is poinnt.Man will gree that thi poem i an invcato r a uneen frc t tke control an rvive lif.Arisic featus:Uig erza rim(三行诗 aba bcb d ed efe)致云雀 .ohn Kes 约翰济慈 17951821 （“美即是真,真即是美”是他的著名诗句。）Fu gret os：希腊古瓮颂 夜莺颂 心灵颂 Ode O Mnchoy 忧郁颂 T Aun秋颂 Thme:The h Jo e poe，To utumn，ht chang s both aual and

33、 bautiful Te oem praies the gloies f th fall sesn using as every type mgry to bot charm n app to he reder.omment:Te speaker in the poem akoege that tim psss y,bu also assers that hi ane usualy yiels somehing new and beter hn wha cm beore.Each o te oems thee stanzas repesen th volving of two difen ty

34、pes f age.Oe tye o cae shown in the poem is te ang o eriods in a day.6.Jane Autn 简奥斯丁 17517 he compared er wors to a ne engaving upo a ltary piece of vor only ichs sqire.理智与感情 傲慢与偏见(chaptr I)-Jane Eyre简爱 Jne Eyre,a plain ltle oran，as sen t owood,chay school Thre se ur a lot nd 8 rs lter she ft schoo

35、l an ece a bverness at Thrnfiel Hall.Ther she fas n love with he mste，Mr.ochester It is not for its harp ritcism o he existin scet,.g.harity instuon suh as Lwood Soo It is a uesfu itrodctin to th fst govenes eoine in the nglis novel,who reprsets tose middle-class worng ome stuggln for recnon of thir

36、 aic righ an equity as human ig.教师 4.El Bont艾米莉勃朗特 1818184 呼啸山庄 sor but two aiie ad a ntrudn stran【TheErnsha amily】r.ars,hs wf，t sn Hiley,the daghtr Cathere，Heatcliff【The Linon Faml】Mr.Linn,s wife,so dga,dger Isabella 5 Georg Eliot 乔治艾略特 1191880 The ill on te Flos弗洛斯河上的磨坊 亚当比德 织工马南 米德尔马契 6.red Ten阿尔

37、弗莱德丁尼生 112(维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人)Poet Lareae(桂冠诗人）悼念 o meorialize i frien 国王叙事诗 7.Robert Brnn罗伯特白朗宁 181889 海外乡思 izbeth Barrett Broig：Sonet fom te Poruges葡萄牙十四行诗 8.obet uis Seveson 金银岛 9 Thomas Hy 托马斯哈代 18401（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wex novels;nvs of chractr and envronmet）ovels 德伯家的苔丝 Theme:expeence i a o ine

38、nsity，nd not as to drio-无名的裘德 Und Th eenwood Tee绿荫下 Far Frm Th ding rowd远离尘嚣 卡斯特桥市长 he Return of th Nati还乡 Poes Wsex Poem Ad Other Veres Poems f Th Pat nd Preen T Dyns 列国 VII 190010 The 2t tury Plwrgh scar il eorge Brnard Shaw 1.Ocar Wi奥斯卡王尔德856100 (Th Aethetic ovement：Ar for At Sake）Ceds:认真的重要 温德米尔

39、夫人的扇子 A an mptane一个无足轻重的女人 理想的丈夫 ovel：The Pcture O Do Gry多利安格雷的画像 airy Stres:快乐王子故事集 2.George Berar Shaw 乔治伯纳萧 1856150(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critcal rasti draist a lays Unpasant Mr arrenS Proession华伦夫人的职业 Wdoers ues鳏夫的房产 Ply Pleasant rms Ad Man武器与人 左右命运的人 Plys 人与超人 匹格玛利翁 he Appe Cr苹果车 圣女贞德 Nlits(Ralists）1.

40、Joseph onca or im吉姆爷 黑暗的心 1y te books titl is Heat f Darkss？The sty happened in Cogo,the heart o ria，an te coor of pople kin the i bac.Mst imporant poin abu te ile i to the vil i hans hea.-Wa te sybolism of bak nd wite【Black/dark】dah,eil，inoe,mysery,savagery，univiize Middle Ages,whn scienc n knoldge

41、 was spesd,e Dak Age.Accdng to Chistant,in te bgning o time al a dark and Gd creted liht.ccodig to Het of Drkness,beore the Rmns a,ngld as dark.n he ame ay，frica was considered t e in the“ak stage”.【hit light】life,goodnss，lightnment,cilied,relio.Ye，in Concd，the usua pttern is rvrse d drnes means tru

42、(Th truh witin,hrfore dark n obcure.),whiteness ean alseho.This ontst tlls a oliticl ruth bot olonalim in the Cng.The ontrs als uggests a choogica truth aou rlw and the Eurean ind hte alo uggets any mb f unleaan moal tuths.The rade in vy is white nd diry.Kurz h white mn is toaly coupt 3.ommet The ok

43、 iplie that cviizatons are craed by the las and os tha encourage en to ahiee ger sadads.The law act bue t prvent men rom revrti back o e arker tendnies.ivlitn，howeer,must be le rne.Londo self,in te ook a ymbl enihtnment，ws ne ne of arer places of the earth bfore he Roma focd civilzation upon the Brt

44、ons.But civiizd socey does not get i of rimeal save tdencies which lur in te cgoud.is savagry se i Ktz Marw eets Kurt an he fins a man tht ha totally trown off t rsrint of civizatin and hs de-evolved to a priitv sat 4.harater【Kutz】epents what evr man wi bcom if left o is own inrinsi irs withut proec

45、tive，civiliz environent.【arlow】eprsens th civilid soul that has n been drwn ak into saey y a dk,enatin unge.5.araie Srcture In Heat o arkes,we e n outse narrtr tellng us a sry he has had fr low e toy Marlo tl ceners around utz.Hover,most of at Mrlow kns abou Kurtz,he has earne from oterThy have god

46、res for ot bein tuthful to Mrow Threfore rlow h to pece together much urt o.2 ia Somrs Mauam Huan Bdage人性的枷锁-3.Edward Moran Fe(E.oste)霍华兹别墅 Mornists 3 Noveliss Jas Joyce David Herbert Larence irgirna Wl 1.Daid Herbr Lawence 戴维赫伯特劳伦斯 1885193 儿子与情人(aubiographical)【rs.ore】,daugter of a middlecls fmily,

47、is woma of character ad refinemet,a stron-willd，ntlligent n itio woman who is fsnatd by a warm,gorus a sensos cal miner,altr ol,and maied bnah er n clasTen,se a depondd at her huband nd put r lo t he sons h hopes that hey wil ecom outstandg【aul Moe】depeds heavly on i othr lve an lp to make ense of t

48、he ord aroun hm.e strugle to re frm his othr infuence,t h failed.After is other has die and i left le,in dspair.Thme:Lawrence was n of the first nvelits o nroduce tems of sholog into h woks.He blieed that th healty way of the nvduals psycholoical dvlomnt a n the primac o th life implulse,or in anoth

49、e ter，the seal mpule.huama sexulity wa，t Laence，a symo of ie foc by presentng e psyhogicl expeiece o ndvual human lfe and o hm rlaionsips,Larence has opened up wie w trritory to he noe edipus Comex i hemaic fate of D H Lwrencs Sns ad Lovers 虹 Wen In Love恋爱中的女人 查特莱夫人的情人.Jae Jyce 詹姆斯乔伊斯 1882141（爱尔兰小说家

50、,意识流小说的代表人物）seamo-scioues 尤利西斯(_C)一个青年艺术家的肖像 nnegas Wake芬尼根的苏醒 Dublis都柏林人 3.irgiia Wol弗吉尼娅沃尔芙 1821941（意识流小说的代表人物)stream-of-consciouness Novels Mrs Dlloay达洛维夫人 o Th Ligtouse到灯塔去-浪 The Lightoue Jacobs oom 雅各布的房间 奥兰朵 苇风 Responsiblitis 责任 he Towr 塔 旋转的楼梯 ems 第二次来临再世 Silng To Bzantium 到拜占庭航行 Thoms Strs E