小升初英语语法复习要点归纳(PEP版).pdf

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1、最新资料推荐（人教 PEP 版）小升初英语语法复习要点归纳 一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds 2以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数：man-men,woma

2、n-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese 四大时态 时态 结构 时间特征词 一般现在时 动词用原形 或第三人称单数（s/es）every day/week,often,usually,sometimes 现在进行时 be(am,is,are)+doing now,look,listen 一般将来时 1.be going t

3、o+动词原形 2.will+动词原形 tomorrow,next week,this morning/afternoon 一般过去时 1.动词过去式(ed/不规则的)2.be 动词过去式 was/were yesterday,last weekend before,2 days ago 凡是在 must,mustnt,can,cant,lets,dont,may，will 后的一定要用动词的原形 口诀：1 时间是经常，动词要用原形或第三人称单数。2 时间是现在，动词要用现在进行时 be doing 形式。3 时间是将来，动词要用将来时 be going to do（动词原形）。4 时间是过去，

4、动词要用过去式（-ed）或不规则形式。二、一般现在时 1一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。（关键时间：often,every day,every week,usually,sometimes）2一般现在时中，没有 be 动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上 s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。3在一般现在时中，句中有 be 动词或情态动词时，否定句在 be 动词和情态动词后加 not，一般疑问句将 be 动词或情态动词放在句首。4在一般现在时中，句中没有 be 动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加 d

5、oes+not(doesnt)，一般疑问句在句首加 does，句子中原有动词用原形；主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用 do+not(dont)，一般疑问句在句首加 do，句子中动词用原形。最新资料推荐 动词+s 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks 2 以 s.x.sh.ch.o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es，如：study-studies 三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前

6、一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（关键时间：now，look，listen）2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词 ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be 后加 not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。动词加 ing 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting 3 如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping 四、一般将来时 1 定义：表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决

7、定要做的事情。（关键时间：tomorrow，next week，tonight，this afternoon）2肯定句：be going to+动词原形，如：Jim is going to play football.否定句：be not going to+动词原形，如：Jim is not going to play football.一般疑问句：把 be 动词调到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football?特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形？如：What is Jim going to do?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+

8、动词原形？如：Who is going to play football?五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。（关键时间：last night，last weekend，yesterday）2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）are 在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）带有 was或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are 一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not，

9、一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。3 句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didn t+动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：最新资料推荐 Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked

10、 2结尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i，再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrot

11、e,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat 六、Have、Has 和 There be 结构 1.There be 结构包括 there is，there are，there was，there were 2.意思都是“有”。3.和 have、has、had 的区别：（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）（2）在 there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is;主语是复数，be 动词用are;如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近 be 动词的那个名

12、词决定。（3）there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not,一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。（4）there be 句型与 have(has)的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。（5）some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。（6）and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。（7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many+名词复数+are there+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+is

13、 there+介词短语？（8）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats+介词短语？（9）There be 结构一般用在句子的开头，而 have 等词只能用于某一个主语后面。七、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级：在英语中，两者进行比较，强调一方比另一方，可使用形容词比较级than 结构 最新资料推荐 2语法归纳（形容词比较级）情况 加法 例词 一般情况 加 er small-smaller 以 e 结尾的词 加 r large-larger 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 变 y 为 i，再加 er easy-easier 以一个辅音字母结尾的词 将这辅音字母双写再加er hothotter

14、thin-thinner 3不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-more beautiful 八、数词 基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one 2、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth；3、二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth“第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面“

15、几”改为序数词。如：88 eighty-eighth 巧记序数词：1,2,3,特殊记,加 th 从 4 起;8 少 t,9 去 e,逢 5 逢 12ve 变 f;2090,y 要变 ie;若是几十几,前基后序别倒位.九、特殊疑问词的复习 what（什么）what colour（什么颜色）what time（几点）what day（星期几）how（怎样）how old（多大、几岁）how many（多少）who（谁）how much(多少钱)when（什么时候）whose（谁的）where（在哪里）why（为什么）which（哪一个）（一）What：什么（问事情、事物；问爱好；问职业；问外貌）1

16、.What is this/that?这/那是什么？It is a/an+名词单数。2.What are these/those?这些/那些是什么？They are+名词复数。3.What is it?它是什么？It is a/an+名词单数。4.What are they?他们/她们/它们是什么？They are+名词复数。5.What is your sister like?你姐姐长得怎么样？She is tall and young.6.What does your sister like?你姐姐喜欢什么？She likes diving.7.What do you usually do

17、 on the weekend?（一般现在时）I often visit my grandparents.8.What are you doing now?（现在进行时）I am reading a book.9.What are you going to do tomorrow?（一般将来时）I am going to watch TV tomorrow./I will watch TV tomorrow.10.What did you do last weekend?（一般过去时）I played football.与 What 有关的疑问词短语：最新资料推荐 1.What colour：

18、什么颜色（问颜色）2.What time：几点钟（问时间/问几点钟）What time is it now?It is 7:30.3.What day：星期几（问星期）What day is it today?It is Monday.4.What date：什么日期（问日期）What date is it today?It is June 1st.5.Whats the weather like today：（问天气）天气怎么样？It is sunny.What was the weather like yesterday?It was cloudy.6.Whats the matter w

19、ith you?（问病症）你怎么了？I have a cold.7.Whats your favourtite food/colour/animal/sport/class/season?My favourite food/colour/animal/sport/class/season is 8.Who is your favourite teacher?谁是你最喜爱的老师？Mr Chen/Miss Li is my favourite teacher.（二）Where：在哪里（问地点、位置、方位）where 配动词 go 1.Where do you usually go every we

20、ekend?（一般现在时）I usually go to a park.2.Where are you going now?（现在进行时）你现在去哪里？I am going to U.S.A.now.我去美国。3.Where are you going to go tomorrow?（一般将来时）你明天打算去哪里？I am going to the bookstore tomorrow./I will go to the bookstore.我准备明天去书店。4.Where did you go last weekend?（一般过去时）你上个周末去了哪里？I went to Beijing l

21、ast weekend.我上个周末去了北京。（三）Who：谁（问人）1.Who am I?You are Mike.2.Who are you?I am Amy.3.Who is he/she?He is Mike./She is Amy.4.Who are they?They are Mike and Amy.5.Who is the(this)boy/girl?He is Mike./She is Amy.6.Who is that man/woman?He is my father./She is my mother.（四）Which：哪一个（问具体事物）1.Which floor?It

22、 is on the 5th,Room 5A.2.Which bus can I take?You can take the No.3 bus.3.Which bus can you take?I can take the No.5 bus.4.Which bag is Mikes?The yellow bag is Mikes bag./The bigger one is Mikes bag.5.Which season do you like best?I like summer best.（五）When：什么时候（问时间）1.When is your birthday?(in+月份,on

23、+月+日)(1)My birthday is in October./Its in October.(2)My birthday is on October 5th./It is on October 5th.2.When is Teachers Day/National Day/Childrens Day/Womens Day?最新资料推荐 It is September 10th./October 1st./June 1st./March 8th.（六）Why：为什么（问原因；用 because 答）1.Why do you like summer?Because I can swim i

24、n the sea.2.Why does Mike like fall?Because he can fly kites.3.Why do you like grapes?Because they are sweet.4.Why does John like apples?Because they are sweet.（七）How：怎样（问交通方式；问身体状况；问心情,问感觉）1.How are you?：你好吗？（问身体状况）I am fine,thanks.2.How do you feel?：你感觉怎样？I feel sick.3.How does Mike feel?（问心情）He f

25、eels happy./He is happy.与 How 有关的疑问词短语：How many：多少（问数量）How much：多少前（问价钱）How tall：多高（问身高）How old：多少岁（问年龄）How heavy:多重（问体重）How big：多大（问尺码、大小）How long：多长（问长度）How large：多少平方（问面积）1.How many days are there in a week?There are 7.2.How many months are there in a year?There are 12.3.How many seasons are ther

26、e in a year?There are 4.4.How many people are there in your family?There are 4.5.How many brigdes are there in the picture?There is one.6.How many birds can you see?I can see 2 birds.7.How much is your pen?It is 2 yuan.8.How much are the books?They are 20 yuan.9.How tall are you?I am 168 cm tall.10.

27、How tall is your father?He is 180 cm tall.11.How old are you?I am 12(years old.)12.How old is Mike?He is 11(years old).13.How heavy are you?I am 35 kg.14.How heavy is Amy?She is 32 kg.15.How big are your feet?I wear size 37.16.How big are your brothers feet?He wears size 40.17.How long is the dogs t

28、ail?It is 10 cm long.18.How long are your legs?They are 90 cm long.19.How large is your room?你的房间有多大？It is 25 square meters.（平方米）（八）Whose:谁的（问属于谁的东西）1.Whose pen is it?It is Mikes pen.2.Whose bike is it?It is Johns bike.九、代词 1、人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，最新资料推荐 人

29、称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student,too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me.Lets go(lets=let us)2、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种。形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词 而名词性物主代词则相单于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：Is this your

30、 book?No,，it isnt，its hers(her book)This pen is mine.表格记忆：主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I（我）me my（我的）mine myself（我自己）复数 we（我们）us our（我们的）ours ourselves（我们自己）第二人称 单数 you（你）you your（你的）yours yourself（你自己）复数 you（你们）you your（你们的）yours yourselves（你们自己）第三人称 单数 he（他）him his（他的）his himself（他自己）she（她）her her（她的）hers herself（她自己）it（它）it its（它的）its itself（它自己）复数 they（他们/她们/它们）them their（他们的/她们的/它们的）theirs themselves（他们/她们/它们自己）