O小学名词冠词的用法及练习.pdf
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1、 整理为 word 格式 名词的用法 一、名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等。二、名词的种类 1、名词可以根据其意义分为普通名词(common noun)和专有名词(proper noun).普通名词 1、类名词 book 书,table 桌,house 房子,pencil 铅笔 2、集体名词 family 家庭,crowd 人群,army 军队,police 警察 3、物质名词 milk 牛奶,water 水,honey 蜜,salt 盐 4、抽象名词 honesty 诚实,happiness 幸福,love 爱,experience 经历 注:有些集体名词如被看作整体时就作单数用,
2、如被看作集体中各个成员时就作复数用.My family is a small one.His family are waiting for him.“people”通常视为 person 的复数形式,作“民族”解时则有复数形式(peoples)三名词的数(可数名词和不可数名词)1、可数名词的单数和复数作主语时决定谓语动词的单数和复数;不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。注:其中类名词和集体名词为可数名词(countable nouns);物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词(uncountable nouns)。2、名词的规则复数形式(可数名词)。名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后加-s 或-es。现
3、将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:构成方法 语 音 例 词 在词尾加-s 1在清辅音后读作/s/2在浊辅音后读作/z/1desk-desks 2dog-dogs 1在以/s,z,ch,sh/等音结尾的名词之后加-es 2如词尾为e,只加-s -(e)s 读作/iz/1.class-classes buzz-buzzes 2horse-horses page-pages 如词尾为-f 或-fe,则一般变为-ves -ves读作/vz/knife-knives 以辅音 y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i,再加-es-ies读作/iz/family-families 以元音 y 结尾的名词,加-s-s 读作
4、/z/boy-boys 以辅音o 结尾的名词,加-es-es 读作/z/tomato-tomatoes 以元音o 结尾的名词,加-s-s 读作/z/radio-radios 以结尾-th 的名词,加-s 1在长元音后,-ths 读作/Tz/2在短元音或辅音后,-ths读作/Ws/1.bath-baths 2.month-months 整理为 word 格式 3.名词的不规则复数形式 构成方法 例 词 变内部元音 woman-women tooth-teeth牙齿 man-men mouse-mice 鼠 foot-feet 足 词尾加-en child-children ox-oxen 公牛
5、形式不变(复数与单数一样)beer-deer 鹿 fish-fish sheep-sheep 外 来 词 phenomenon-phenomena 现象 4.有些名词是复数形式,但实际上作单数用,如 politcs,physics,news,the United Nations 等.5有些名词通常只有复数形式,如 goods,trousers,clothes,series 等 但这些名词作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式,但前面有 a pair of 时,应用单数形式。A pair of trousers isnt enough.The trousers are worn out.6.有些集体名词往
6、往作复数用,如 cattle,police,fish 等。The police are running after the thief.但有些集体名词却往往作单数用,如 clothing,machinery 等。7.有些名词只作单数用,他们没有复数形式,如 knowledge,weather,litter等。四限定词与名词的搭配关系。有些限定词只能跟可数名词或不可数名词,而有些限定词跟两者皆可,详见下表:可数名词 不可数名词 a,the,some,any the,some,any this,that,these,those this,that none,one,two,three,One a
7、lot of,(a)few,fewerthan,morethan A large number of,a great number of,many a lot of,morethan,much,a large amount of (a)little,lessthan 五名词所有格的形式和用法。1 名词所以格一般是词尾加s 构成,如 the boys bag;our teachers room 等。如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个()即可,如boys school 等。词尾无 s 的复数名词则仍要加s,如 mens clothes 等。2表示无生命东西的名词的所有格必须用表示,不可用词尾
8、加(s)或(),而是用 of 属格,如,the window of the room 等。但在表示时间、距离以及其他习惯用语中,则需用(s)或()表示所有格,如 ten minutes walk 等。3 所有格的名词在下列情况下应省略:整理为 word 格式(1)被所有格修饰的名词是指店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,如:I went to my uncles(house)yesterday.(2)避免重复 This is not my bicycle,but Lao Lins.(省略 bicycle)4双重所有格的形式和用法。a(this,that)名词of所有格名词 a friend of m
9、y fathers(=one of my fathers friends)六、例题剖析 1.We can see some _ at the foot of the mountain,but we cant see any _ there?A.sheeps;deers B.sheeps;deer C.sheep;deers D.sheep;deer 答案 D。sheep 和 deer 属于单复数同形,所以没有sheeps 或者 deers,两个选项分别被 some 和 any 所修饰,说明这里正确答案需要的是复数形式 sheep 和deer。2.The room is _.They are t
10、win brothers.A.Tom and Mikes B.Toms and Mikes C.Toms and Mike D.Tom and Mike 答案 A。根据句子结构和意思可判断出这里需要选择名词所有格,“这间屋是的”。选项中的A 和 B 的形式是正确的,Tom and Mikes 表示 Tom 和Mike 个人共有一个,就一定修饰一个单数名词;Toms and Mikes 表示两个人分别拥有(各自拥有各自的),因为是分别拥有,所以肯定修饰一个复数名词。The room 和 twin brothers 帮助确定答案与共同拥有一个有关。3.This is an interesting
11、_.A.news B.information C.work D.job 答案 D。an interesting 说明要选择一个可数名词,选项中只有 job 可数,他三个名词都是不可数名词。4.They have many friends here.Tony is _.A.them friend B.a friend of them C.one of their D.a friend of theirs 答案 D。不难看出A、C 两项的语法构成是错误的,them friend 应为 their friend;one of their 应为 one of them。Tony 作主语表示他是 man
12、y friends 中的一个,那么表示“某人的一个朋友”有两种形式:a friend of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格。举个例子:Tom 的一个朋友a friend of Toms 或者 a friend of his B 项错在使用了人称代词的宾格 them。5.Is that his _ for making so many mistakes on his homework?A.idea B.mind C.excuse D.result 答案 C。四个不同意思的名词。idea“主意,想法”;mind“想法,头脑”;excuse“借口,理由”;result“结果”。A、B 可考虑为同意,也就
13、不被选了,根据句子的意思“那是他在作业上出了那么多错误的吗?”可判断符合逻辑关系的是“excuse”。整理为 word 格式 名词专项练习题 1._ is spoken the most widely in the world.A.Chinese B.English C.French D.Russian 2.I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please?A.some bread B.some tea C.some cakes D.some eggs 3.Whats wrong with my sons _?He cant see things clearly
14、A.eyes B.ears C.mouth D.nose 4 The Alps(阿尔卑斯山)_ an area of 200,000 square kilometers.A.is B.are C.has D.have 5.A pair of glasses _ what I need at the moment.A.is B.are C.has D.have 6.We live in the Western _ .A.Beijings outskirt B.Beijings outskirts C.outskirt of Beijing D.outskirts of Beijing 7.Fiv
15、e pounds _ as much as it used to.A.dont buy B.doesnt buy C.are buying D.is buying 8._ plastics are made in this chemical works.A.Many kind of B.Many kinds of C.Many kinds D.Many kind 9.“Lao wang has just moved into a new flat.”“Did he have to buy_ for it?”A.many new furniture(家具)B.much new furniture
16、s C.much new furniture D.many new furnitures 10._ changed;whatever men can do,women can do too.A.The time has B.The times C.Times have D.Times 11.He has _ on his farm.A.20 head of cattles B.20 heads of cattles C.20 heads of cattle D.20 head of cattle 12.I wish I could give you_ .A.many advice B.much
17、 advice C.many advices D.a lot of advices 13.If you go to the hills,you will see_ there.A.much fine scenery B.few fine sceneries C.a few fine sceneries D.many fine sceneries 14.The news of the losses suffered by our enemy_ much worse than expected.整理为 word 格式 A.was B.were C.are D.has 15.He opened th
18、e letter and it contained_ .A.an important information B.some important informations C.many important informations D.some important information 16.Our national football team_ reorganized(重新组建)。A.have been B.are being C.has been D.is to 17.Remember_;thank your friend when you leave the party.A.your m
19、anner B.your manners C.his manner D.his manners 18.The students hope that they won t have_ to do today.A.much homework B.many homeworks C.a lot of homeworks D.few homework 19.They say the police_ always stopping people from doing what they want to do.A.is B.are C.has D.have 20.Where is_ China Daily?
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