初中英语变形规则.pdf

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1、初中英语变形规则 一、名词单数变复数规则：1、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。例：friendfriends;catcats;stylestyles;sportsports;piecepieces 2、凡是以 s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。读音变化：统一加读iz。例：busbuses;quizquizzes;foxfoxes;matchmatches;flashflashes 3、以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词，将 y 改变为 i，再加-es。读音变化：加读z。例：candycand

2、ies;daisydaisies;fairyfairies;ladyladies;storystories 4、以-o 结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s 构成复数。读音变化：加读z。例：tomatotomatoes;potatopotatoes;torpedotorpedoes;bingobingoes 反例：silosilos;pianopianos（外来词）;photophotos;macromacros（缩写词）5、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词，多为将-f 或-fe 改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音f改读vz。例：knifeknives;lifelives

3、;leafleaves;staffstaves;scarfscarves 反例：roofroofs 6、不规则变形：man woman child foot tooth goose Mouse Frenchman Englishman ox Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish People police cattle man doctor 口诀：男人女人 a 变 e，孩子后加 ren；中国人和日本人，绵羊鹿鱼形不变；脚和牙齿还有鹅，就把 oo 变 ee；mouse、mice 是老鼠，公牛 ox 加 en；人们警察牵小牛，单数形式复数意；男医生和女医生，man 和

4、doctor 都变身。二、动词第三人称单数形式构成规则 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如：stopstops s;makemakes s readreads z;playplays z 2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读iz 如：fly flies z；carry carries z study studies z;worryworries 3、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为 iz 如：teach teache

5、s iz;watchwatches iz 4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读z 如：go goes z dodoes z 下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。如：1、do du:does dz 2、say sei says sez 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s，z时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s”一起读做 iz。如：close closes iz be 动词包括：am，is，are。第三人称单数用 is；过去式为 was；复数用 are，过去式为 were.除上述规律外，还应注意下面三点：1.动词 have，遇到主语是第三人称

6、单数时，要用 has；动词 be 的第三人称单数形式是 is。2.含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时，要用 doesnt+动词原形，如：He goes to school at six in the morning.(变否定句)He doesnt go to school at six in the morning.3.对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时，要用助动词 does，如：She goes home at five every day.(对划线部分提问)When/What time does she go home every day 三、动词的过去式和过去分词 规则动词的过

7、去式和过去分词是一样，变化规则如下：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i，再加-ed，如：study-studied （1）AAA 型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）cost cost cut（割）cut cut hit（打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurt hurt let（让）let let put（放）put put

8、 read（读）read read spread(伸展/传播)spread spread (2)AAB 型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动）beat beaten (3)ABA 型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成）became become come（来）came come run（跑）ran run (4)ABB 型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖）dug dug get（得到）got got hang（吊死）hanged hanged hang（悬挂）hung hung hold（抓住）held held lay(产卵)laid laid shine（照耀）shone

9、shone sit（坐）sat sat win（赢）won won meet（遇见）met met keep（保持）kept kept sleep（睡）slept slept sweep（扫）swept swept feel（感觉）felt felt flee(逃跑)fled fled smell（闻）smelt smelt leave（离开）left left build（建设）built built lend（借出）lent lent send（传送)sent sent spend（花费）spent spent sink(沉下)sunk/sank snuk/sunken lose（丢失）l

10、ost lost burn（燃烧）burnt burnt learn（学习）learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住）caught caught teach（教)taught taught bring(带来）brought brought fight（战斗)fought fought buy（买）bought bought think（想）thought thought hear（听见）heard heard sell（卖）sold sold tell（告诉）told told say（说）said said find（找到)found found

11、 feed(饲养)fed fed have/has(有)had had make（制造)made made stand（站）stood stood smell（闻）smelled/smelt smelled/smelt stick(粘贴/刺)stuck stuck spell(拼写)spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spit(吐唾沫）spat spat understand(明白)understood understood (5)ABC 型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始）began begun drink（喝）drank drunk hide（躲

12、藏）hid hidden ring（铃响）rang rung sing（唱）sang sung swim（游泳）swam swum blow（吹）blew blown draw（画）drew drawn fly（飞）flew flown grow（生长）grew grown know（知道）knew known throw（投掷）threw thrown show（出示）showed shown break（打破）broke broken choose（选择)chose chosen forget（忘记)forgot forgotten(forgot)freeze（结冰 凝固）froze fr

13、ozen speak（说）spoke spoken wake（醒）woke woke drive（驾驶）drove driven eat（吃）ate eaten fall（落下）fell fallen give（给）gave given rise（升高）rose risen take（取）took taken mistake(弄错)mistook mistaken ride（骑）rode ridden write（写）wrote written do（做）did done go（去）went gone lie（平躺）lay lain see（看见）saw seen wear（穿）wore wo

14、rn be(am,is,are)（是）was,were been 四、形容词的比较级和最高级变形规则（一）规则变化如下:1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。great 2)以 -e 结 尾 的 单 音 节 形 容 词 的 比 较 级 和 最 高 级 是 在 词 尾加-r 和-st 构成。wide 3)少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble 结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。clever 4)以-y 结尾,但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉,加上-ier 和-est 构成.happy 5)以一个辅音字母

15、结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er 和-est。big 6)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。Beautiful difficult （二）不规则变化如下：good-better-best 好的 well-better-best 身体好的 bad-worse-worst 坏的 ill-worse-worst 病的 many-more-most 许多 much-more-most 许多 few-less-least 少数几个 little-less-least 少数一点儿 far-further-

16、furthest 更进一步，程度 far-farther-farthest 更远，路程 old-older-oldest 年老的（指年纪）old-elder-eldest 年老的（指兄弟姐妹的排行）（一）规则动词过去式变化规则 1.一般情况直接加 ed play-played 2.以不发音 e 为结尾的动词 加 d likeliked livelived 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加 ed study-studied cry-cried 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写词尾加 ed stop-stopped （二）不规则动词的过去式 (根据所学单词量例举）buy-b

17、ought 买 begin-began 开始 bring-brought 带来 come-came 来 catch-caught 捉住，赶上 drink-drank 喝 drive-drove 开车,驾驶 do-did 做，或无词意作助动词 eat-ate 吃 find-found 发现 go-went 去 get-got 得到，到达，获得 give-gave 给 hurt-hurt 感到疼痛，受伤 have-had 有 hide-hid 隐藏，把藏起来 keep-kept 保持，保护 know-knew 知道，懂得，了解 lend-lent 借出 let-let 让 lose-lost 失去

18、，丢失 make-made 制造，制作 meet-met 相遇，遇到 put-put 放 run-ran 跑步 ride-rode 骑 read-read 读 see-saw 看见 say-said 说 sing-sang 唱 sit-sat 坐 sleep-slept 睡觉 spell-spelt 拼写 stand-stood 站立 swim-swam 游泳 speak-spoke 讲，讲话 spend-spent 度过，花费 take-took 拿走 teach-taught 教 tell-told 告诉 think-thought 认为，想 wake-woke 唤醒 wear-wore

19、穿，戴 write-wrote 写 win-won 赢 动词第三人称单数形式构成规则巩固练习题：I 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式：sit-guess-die-go-rush-reach-touch-brush-fly-copy-say-run-do-fix-live-cry-enjoy-have-wish-play-Tie-teach-buy-study-drink-go-stay-make-look-carry-come-watch-plant-fly-do-二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tomm

20、y _(be)in Class One.3.We _(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5._ they _(like)the World Cup 6.What _they often _(do)on Saturdays 7._ your parents _(read)newspapers every day 8.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.9.She and I _(take)a walk together every evening.10.There _(

21、be)some water in the bottle.11.Mike _(like)cooking.12.They _(have)the same hobby.13.My aunt _(look)after her baby carefully.14.You always _(do)your homework well.15.I _(be)ill.Im staying in bed.16.She _(go)to school from Monday to Friday.17.Liu Tao _(do)not like PE.18.The child often _(watch)TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have)eight lessons this term.20.What day _(be)it today Its Saturday