2020届广州市第七十一中学高三英语期末试卷及答案解析.pdf

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1、2020 届广州市第七十一中学高三英语期末试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A A 21-year-old female student has become the youngest womanever to be elected as Mayor(市长)after first entering politics to campaign about food.Labor Party(工党)member Rosie Corrigan was elec

2、ted as Mayor of Selby a market town in North Yorkshire,on Monday.The students election was unchallenged to the mayoralty,following a year serving as deputy mayor.Corrigan has just finished her second year studying politics at theUniversityofHull.A political activist since secondary school,lifelong S

3、elby citizen Corrigan has always been ambitious.As a member of the UK Youth Parliament,she co-founded the Selby Youth council,and then went on to run for and win the local council election as a Labour candidate(候选人)aged just 18.Corrigan plan to use her year in office to further encourage political a

4、wareness in the youth of Selby.By breaking a political record of being the youngest woman ever elected inUKhistory,Corrigan hopes this will break the misunderstanding of Selby being a sleepy town with old-fashioned views.“Its an honor to be the Mayor of my lovely hometown,”Corrigan told a newspaper.

5、“I plan on using the year to encourage children and young people to champion their communities.”The politics students election has been supported whole heartedly by the politicians she has worked with throughout her early-developing career,including thebackingof former deputy Prime Minister(副首相)John

6、 Prescott.Simon Darvill said in an interview,“I hope that the success of Rosie and others like her encourages more young people to get involved in politics and change where they live for the better.”1.Which statement is true according to Paragraph 2?A.Corrigan is new to the political scene of Selby.

7、B.Corrigan became interested in politics in childhood.C.Corrigan has been living in Selby since she was born.D.Corrigan founded the Selby Youth council by herself.2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A.Corrigan plans to further her time in office by at least a year.B.The people of Selby are passive

8、and have out-of-date views.C.Corrigan is the youngest person ever elected inUKhistory.D.Corrigan intends to increase Selbys youthspolitical involvement.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“backing”in Paragraph 4?A.Approval B.Appreciation C.Praise D.Support B When Jennifer Doudna

9、was in sixth grade,she came home one day to find that her dad had lefta book titled The Double Helix on her bed.She put it aside,thinking it was one of those detective tales she loved.On a rainy Saturday,she picked up the book.As she sped through the pages,she became fascinated by the drama,which en

10、couraged her to explore natures wonders.Even though her high school teacher told her that girls didnt become scientists,she decided she would.She worked with a biologist,Charpentier,to turn a curiosity of nature into an inventionan easy-to-use tool that can edit DNA.Known as Crispr,the tool will tra

11、nsform the human race.James Watson,the author of The Double Helix,later told her it was the most important biological advance:since he and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA.For this achievement,Doudna and Charpentier were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020.Until now,only five w

12、omen,beginning with Marie Curie in 1911,had won or shared the Nobel for Chemistry out of 184 award winners.When this years prize was announced,Dr.Charpentier said it would provide a message specifically to young girls who would like to follow the path of science and to show them that women can also

13、be awarded prizes.A few decades from now,if it becomes possible and sate to edit DNA,should we allow parents to improve the IQ and physical strength of their kids?Should we let them decide eye color1?Skin color1?Height?After helping to discover Crispr,Dr.Doudna has become a leader in considering the

14、se moral issues.Thats the main message we should take from this Nobel:New technologies can be a huge benefit to the human race,but in order to make sure they are used wisely,its important for people to understand them.4.Jennifer Doudna decided to become a scientist because,_ A.her father pushed her

15、B.a book inspired her C.her teacher encouraged her D.James Watson motivated her 5.Dr.Doudna was awarded the Nobel Prize because,_.A.she wrote the book“The Double Helix B.she discovered the structure of DNA C.she is a hardworking woman scientist D.she helped invent a tool for editing DNA 6.According

16、to passage,which of the following is NOT true?A.The two womens success will inspire more girls to be devoted to science.B.Since 1911,there have been 184 people who won the Nobel for chemistry.C.If girls follow the path of science,they will surely achieve their goals.D.Crispr will make a big differen

17、ce to the human race.7.Which words can best describe Jennifer Doudna?A.Determined and responsible.B.Ambitious and humorous.C.Cruel and indifferent.D.Fearless and stubborn.C The climate change is already eating into the output of the worlds agricultural systems,with productivity much lower than it wo

18、uld have been if humans hadnt rapidly heated the planet,new research has found.Advances in technology,fertilizer(化肥)use and global trade have allowed food production to keep pace with an increasing global population since the 1960s.But rising temperatures in this time have acted as a handbrake(手刹)to

19、 farming productivity of crops,according to the new research,published in Nature Climate Change.Productivity has actuallyslumpedby 21%since 1961,compared to if the world hadnt been affected by global heating.With the global population set to rise to more than 9 billion by 205,the UNS Food and Agricu

20、lture Organization has estimated that food production will have to increase by about 70%,with annual crop production increasing by almost 1 billion tons and meat production by more than200mtons a year by this point.Meanwhile,global temperatures are rising at a rate that scientists warn is extremely

21、dangerous for human civilization.“The impact already is larger than I thought it would be,”said Ariel Ortiz-Bobea,an economist atCornellUniversitywho led the research.“It was a big surprise to me.The worry I have is that research and development in agriculture takes decades to translate into higher

22、productivity.The projected temperature increase is so fast that I dont know if we are going to keep pace with that.”Weston Anderson,a researcher of food security(安全)and climate at Columbia University who didnt take part in the study,said the new research provides fresh insight into the importance of

23、 the impact upon agriculture.“The regions that this paper highlights as experiencing the largest reductions in agricultural productivity-CentralAmericaand theSahel-contain some of the least food secure countries in the world,which is a real concern,”he said.8.What does the underlined word“slumped”in

24、 paragraph 2 mean?A.Fallen.B.Gathered.C.Approached.D.Benefited.9.What is Ariel Ortiz-Bobea worried about?A.Fertilizer is used in food production.B.Population will rise to over 9 billion.C.Global temperatures are rising too fast.D.Agricultural research needs many years.10.What can we learn about West

25、on Anderson?A.He puts forward a different solution.B.He proposes carrying on with the research.C.He pays more attention to food insecure regions.D.He supports improving agricultural productivity.11.What is the best title for the text?A.The Impact of Growth in Farm Productivity B.Productivity in Agri

26、culture is Growing C.Causes and Effects of Global Heating D.Rapid Global Heating is Hurting Farm Productivity D The race skywards began inAmerica.In the late1800s,industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up,making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective,according to Carol Wi

27、llis,director of theSkyscraperMuseuminNew York,“The very first tall buildings were office buildings that concentrated a work force,piled one on top of the other in order to make business very efficient,”she says.Like all major changes in architecture,the trend wasunderpinnedby engineering.The develo

28、pment of steel framework,which could be used instead of load-bearing stones,made it easier and cheaper to build tall.The coming of the elevator,meanwhile,made living on higher floors far more convenient.Though similar in shape,todays skyscrapers(摩天大楼)look little like those built in the first half of

29、 the 20thcentury.This is mostly thanks to architectures next major technological shift：the curtain wall.Postwar developments in manufacturing meant that huge panes of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly,and glass windows soon became the front of choice for high-rises.As well as allowing fo

30、r greater floor space and more natural light,glass exteriors(外部)help.buildings resist greater windloads.There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall.But that doesnt mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely.While each additional story adds sellable floor space,constr

31、uction costs also rise.All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it brings.“Every city wants to have this landmark that gives that sense of distinct culture,”but it also needs places for people to live and work in urban settings“without the city sprawling(无序扩张

32、),”explains Hong Kong architect Simon Chan.The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height：At a time when buildings and their construction account for more than a third of the worlds energy consumption and contribute about 40%of greenhouse gas emissions(排放),there are new costs to conside

33、r.Whether its employing more energy-efficient materials,encouraging natural air or using buildings themselves to generate solar or wind energy,reducing carbon emissions is the new frontier for many skyscraper architects.12.What does the underlined word“underpinned”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Crea

34、ted.B.Prepared.C.Suggested.D.Supported.13.What made living on higher floors much more convenient?A.The development of steel framework.B.Load-bearing stones.C.The use of the elevator.D.The curtain wall.14.What can we know from paragraph 5?A.Our cities will grow taller definitely.B.All skyscrapers are

35、 at least 300 meters tall.C.Construction cost rises as the stories increase.D.The profit for builders will be greater as the building becomes higher.15.Whats the next big challenge facing architects?A.How to build the greenest building.B.How to build the strongest building.C.How to build the tallest

36、 building in the world.D.How to build the most comfortable building.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Are you somebody who cant wake up in the morning?Do you need two cups of coffee before you can start a new day?Do you feel awful when you first wake up?Scientists

37、say its all because of our genes(基因)._16_Researchers from the University of Surrey interviewed 500 people.They asked them questions about their lifestyle,such as what time of day they preferred to do exercise and how difficult they found it to wake up in the morning._17_ They discovered that we all

38、have a“clock”gene,also called a PER3 gene._18_People who have the long gene are usually people who are very good in the morning,but get tired early at night.People who have the short gene are usually people who are more active at night but have problems waking up early in the morning._19_Scientists

39、say that,if possible,we should try to change our working hours to fit our“body clock”.If you are a“morning person”then you could start work early and finish early.But if you are bad in the morning,then it might be better to start work in the afternoon and work until late at night._20_ A.How did they

40、 find this out?B.As soon as you wake up,wash your face and step outside.C.How does it help us to know we have the long or short gene?D.This gene can be long or short.E.It is common for people to feel sleepy in the morning.F.Scientists then compared their answers to the peoples DNA.G.So maybe,instead

41、 of nine to five we should work from seven to three or twelve to eight.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 My life turned a corner two years before.I realized,my first and real enthusiasm is writing_21_.As a child,I was introvert(内向的),and bas

42、ically a bookworm.The only thing I wished for,was_22_,and I used to finish them as quickly as I could.Along with reading,I loved_23_ but at that time,it was mainly prose(散文)!My love for writing started with writing journals,and_24_.Even before my teens,I had_25_in many countries,and then technology

43、wasnt as_26_as it isnow.I guess my letters were quite poetic and charming,because my pen-friends told me that they_27_my letters even after I stopped writing to them as_28_was expensive!Then my following life wasnt poetic anymore!I_29_pouring my emotions in journals or diaries.Many years passed!Was

44、poetry my passion?Probably!One day two years earlier,one of my childhood friends wrote to me,“Hi there!How many books have you_30_ever since?”That communication suddenly_31_me up,and lit my dream that I was eager to publish my own collection of poems.The_32_from my childhood came back,I_33_who I was

45、.At that moment,I felt very excited and within a(n)_34_moment,I wrote my first poem!That poem was actually_35_,may be one of the best of what I have written so far!After that first_36_,I realized what my real passion was!And poems started coming one after another!Sometimes I got up at_37_,and though

46、t about some lines!And I had to write them_38_,otherwise these lines will slide away!The terrible epidemic(流行病)_39_me to write several poems,which may_40_indescribable sufferings of people.21.A.songs B.novels C.poems D.journals 22.A.books B.pictures C.toys D.clothes 23.A.drawing B.dancing C.swimming

47、 D.writing 24.A.reports B.articles C.letters D.words 25.A.pen-friends B.classmates C.s D.workers 26.A.backward B.convenient C.important D.simple 27.A.burned B.threw C.tore D.preserved 28.A.price B.postage C.water D.gas 29.A.forgot B.avoided C.missed D.enjoyed 30.A.bought B.sold C.published D.learned

48、 31.A.picked B.woke C.turned D.brought 32.A.memories B.trouble C.sufferings D.happiness 33.A.treasured B.admitted C.remembered D.challenged 34.A.hard B.proud C.long D.emotional 35.A.strange B.dull C.good D.disappointing 36.A.experience B.job C.meeting D.conversation 37.A.table B.noon C.home D.midnig

49、ht 38.A.nervously B.calmly C.immediately D.slowly 39.A.inspired B.advised C.told D.introduce 40.A.achieve B.reduce C.strengthen D.develop 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Wild Chinese sturgeon(鲟)are thought to have lived at the same time as dinosaurs and among the firs

50、t class of protected animals in China.Last week,a wild Chinese sturgeon,which is believed to be the_41._(large)ever found in the past two decades,arrived inBeijingfor better treatment.The species is one of the_42._(critical)endangered fish species inChinaand can be found only in the Yangtze andPearl