电大医学免疫与微生物学期末复习资料小抄.docx

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1、电大医学免疫与微生物学期末复习资料小抄电大医学免疫与微生物学期末复习资料 题型：单项选择题 题量及分值：共50题，每题2分，共100分。（本资料按拼音字母排序） B细胞表面标记中不包括（ ） E. CD3分子 HIV的传播途径中不包括（ ） C. 日常生活中的一般接触 HLA-I抗原存在于( ) B. 有核细胞表面 I型干扰素是( ) C. 细胞感染病毒后产生的脂蛋白 TD-Ag的特点是（ ） E. 必需在T细胞协助下才能激活B细胞 艾滋病病毒致病的关键因素是因为HIV( ) D. 侵扰CD4+细胞，造成严峻的免疫缺陷 巴氏消毒法常用于消毒的物品是（ ） D. 牛奶和酒类 白色念珠菌引起的病变

2、中不包括( ) E. 皮肤癣症 半抗原的特点是（ ） C. 本身无免疫原性 被称为“扩散因子“的物质是（ ） D. 透亮质酸酶 病毒包膜的特点不包括（ ） B. 镶嵌有细胞编码的蛋白 病毒的特征中不包括（ ） B. 含两种核酸 病毒的致病物质是（ ） D. 蛋白质和核酸 病毒感染造成细胞损伤的因素中不包括（ ） A. 中和抗体干脆溶解靶细胞 病毒体的定义是（ ） E. 结构完整有感染性的成熟病毒 病毒体核心的主要物质是（ ） C. 核酸 补体经典途径的激活物是( ) D. 抗原抗体复合物 不表达HLA-II抗原的细胞是（） A. 红细胞 不符合血清HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)和抗HBc(

3、+)的说明是( ) C. 乙型肝炎复原期 不能用于分别培育病毒的物质是（ ） B. 人工合成培育基 不受MHC限制的细胞间相互作用是（ ） D. NK细胞和肿瘤细胞 不通过性接触传播的病毒是 D. 流感病毒 不须要抗体和补体参加的超敏反应类型是( ) D. 型 不引起毒血症的毒素是（ ） B. 霍乱肠毒素 参加型超敏反应的抗体是( ) E. IgE 诞生后，B细胞分化发育的部位是（ ） A. 骨髓 对病毒包膜的错误叙述是( ) D. 可反抗脂溶剂 对病毒包膜的错误叙述是（ ） A. 表面凸起由壳微粒组成 对化学消毒剂作用效果影响最小的因素是（） B. 盐的存在 对破伤风毒素的错误叙述是( )

4、B. 阻挡中枢神经兴奋性递质的释放而造成肌肉麻痹 对热原质特性的叙述中，错误的是（ ） C. 可被高压灭菌灭活 对人而言，HLA抗原属于（ ） C. 同种异型抗原 对外毒素特性的叙述中，错误的是（ ） D. 耐热 对外界反抗力最强的细菌结构是（ ） D. 芽胞 对需注射破伤风抗毒素而皮肤试验阳性者应采纳（ ） A. 脱敏注射 分别脑膜炎球菌常用培育基是（ ） B. .巧克力色平板 革兰阳性菌类似菌毛黏附细胞的结构是（ ） D. 膜磷壁酸 革兰阳性菌细胞壁特有成分是（ ） B. 磷壁酸 革兰阴性菌细胞壁成分中无（ ） B. 磷壁酸 钩端螺旋体的传染源和传播方式是（ ） B. 接触或食入污染水或土

5、壤 化脓性球菌中，属革兰阴性菌，引起泌尿道感染的是（ ） D. 淋球菌 活疫苗所不具备的特点是（） B. 易保存 获得自然自动免疫可通过( ) C. 隐性感染 机体免疫监视功能异样时会发生( ) E. 肿瘤 机体受抗原刺激后发生免疫应答的部位是（ ） C. 淋巴结 激活补体实力最强的抗体类型是（ ） C. IgM 脊髓灰质炎病毒的感染方式是经( ) B. 消化道 脊髓灰质炎病毒在体内的播散是通过（ ） B. 血液 脊髓灰质炎病人的传染性排泄物主要是（ ） A. 粪便 检测细胞免疫功能的皮肤试验是( ) D. 结核菌素试验 浆细胞（ ） D. 是产生抗体的效应细胞 结核杆菌的菌体成分中，与超敏反

6、应有关的是（ ） C. 蜡质D 结核菌素试验的用途不包括（ ） C. 诊断型超敏反应 介导细菌接合的结构是（ ） C. 性菌毛 金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌共有的毒素是（ ） A. 溶血毒素 经过蚊叮咬引起中枢神经系统感染的病原微生物是（ ） C. 乙型脑炎病毒 酒精消毒最相宜的浓度是 C. 75% 具有菌丝和孢子的微生物是（ ） B. 真菌 具有抗吞噬作用的胞内寄生菌是（ ） A. 结核杆菌 具有抗吞噬作用的细菌特别结构是（ ） E. 荚膜 具有异染颗粒的细菌是（ ） A. 白喉杆菌 确定病毒体感染细胞的关键物质是( ) B. 核酸 确定抗原物质免疫原性的因素不包括（ ） E. 免疫次数

7、 确定痢疾杆菌侵袭力的首要因素是( ) D. 菌毛 抗毒素抗体的类别是（） A. IgG 抗体再次应答的特点是（ ） B. 产生快，维持时间长 抗原表面与抗体结合的特别化学基团称为（ ） D. 抗原确定簇 抗原提呈细胞中不包括（ ） E. 中性粒细胞 可产生外毒素的革兰阴性菌是（ ） D. 霍乱弧菌 可成为自身抗原的物质是（ ） D. 精液 可高度传染乙型肝炎的血液中含 ( ) D. HBsAg、抗HBc、HBeAg 可激活补体替代途径的物质是（ ） E. 细菌脂多糖 可灭活肠道病毒的物质是（ ） A. 氧化剂 可释放穿孔素特异性杀伤靶细胞的是（ ） D. CTL（Tc细胞) 可通过病毒血症引

8、起全身感染的病毒是（ ） A. 麻疹病毒 可通过病毒血症引起全身感染的呼吸道病毒是 A. 麻疹病毒 可引起菌血症的细菌是（ ） D. 伤寒杆菌 可引起同胞间移植排斥反应的抗原属于（ ） B. 同种异体抗原 可用于立克次体感染的血清学诊断方法是( ) B. 外斐反应 可用于脑膜炎球菌分别的培育基是 B. 巧克力平板 可在细菌间传递DNA的物质是（ ） E. 性菌毛 可干脆测量病毒大小的方法是( ) A. 电镜视察 可干脆杀伤病毒感染细胞的特异性免疫因素是( ) A. Tc细胞 口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗的优点是（ ） B. 既可产生血清抗体也可产生肠黏膜局部分泌型抗体 立克次体与细菌之间的主要区分

9、是（ ） D. 专性细胞内增殖 流感病毒吸附细胞的结构是（ ） C. 血凝素 流感病毒最易发生抗原性变异的是（ ） A. 血凝素 流行性脑脊髓膜炎的病原体是（ ） B. 脊髓灰质炎病毒 流行性乙型脑炎的病原体是 A. 日本脑炎病毒 梅毒螺旋体的传播方式是（ ） E. 性接触 梅毒螺旋体的传染源是（ ） A. 早期梅毒患者 灭菌是指 A. 杀死物体上的全部微生物的方法 灭蚊可预防感染的病毒是（ ） D. 流行性乙型脑炎病毒 内毒素的毒性成分是（ ） D. 类脂A 内毒素的毒性作用中不包括（ ） C. 选择性作用于靶细胞，引起特别症状 能与肥大细胞结合的抗体是（） E. IgE 皮肤黏膜的屏障作用

10、不包括（） D. 吞噬杀菌 破伤风的特异性治疗应注射( ) A. 破伤风抗毒素 破伤风毒素的作用机制是（ ）A. 阻挡中枢神经抑制性递质的释放而造成肌肉痉挛 葡萄球菌引起急性胃肠炎的致病物质是（ ） C. 肠毒素 一般感冒最常见的病原是( ) D. 鼻病毒和冠状病毒 人血清中含量最高的补体成分是（ ） C. C3 溶菌酶对G菌的作用是（ ） B. 裂解聚糖骨架 杀灭细菌芽胞最常用的方法是( ) D. 高压蒸汽灭菌法 湿热灭菌法中杀菌效果最彻底的是（ ） D. 高压蒸汽灭菌法 试验动物新生期摘除胸腺将表现为（ ） D. 体液免疫和细胞免疫均受影响 体内细菌发生L型变异的缘由是（ ） D. 抗生素

11、用量不足 自然血型抗体的类别是（ ） C. IgM 通过芽胞侵入伤口引起感染的细菌是（ ） C. 破伤风杆菌 外毒素的毒性作用特点是（ ） C. 选择性作用于靶细胞，引起特别症状 唯一能够通过胎盘的抗体是（） A. IgG 细菌细胞壁的基本成分是 A. 粘肽 细菌细胞壁共有成分是（ ） A. 黏肽 细菌芽胞在医学中重要的意义是（ ） C. 灭菌指标 细菌干脆摄取供体菌游离DNA片段而获得新的遗传性状的过程称为（ ） A. 转化 细菌致病性的强弱主要取决于细菌的（ ） E. 毒力 下列病毒中有逆转录酶的是（ ） A. 人类免疫缺陷病毒 下列不是HIV感染者传播HIV的方式是（ ） C. 握手 下

12、列不是细菌的基本结构的是（ ） E. 芽胞 下列不通过性接触传播的病毒是( ) D. 流感病毒 下列不引起食物中毒的细菌的是 ( ) D. 白喉杆菌 下列不与人类肿瘤亲密相关的病毒是（ ） A. 水痘带状疱疹病毒 下列不属于病毒衣壳的生物学意义的是( ) C. 本身具有传染性 下列毒性作用最强的外毒素是（ ） D. 肉毒毒素 下列抗菌物质中可抑制细菌肽聚糖合成的是（ ） A. 青霉素 下列可引起菌血症的细菌是 D. 伤寒杆菌 下列哪种消毒剂不能用于皮肤黏膜的消毒（） E. 5%过氧乙酸 下列哪种作用特点是细胞因子所不具备的（） B. 特异性 下列微生物中，属于动物源性细菌的是（ ） B. 炭疽

13、杆菌 下列细菌中不产毒素的是（ ） D. 结核杆菌 下列细菌中繁殖速度最慢的是（ ） D. 结核杆菌 下列细菌中可引起败血症的是( ) C. 绿脓杆菌 下述生物学性状中，与霍乱弧菌特点不符的是（ ） B. 具有周鞭毛，运动活泼 显微镜下呈矛头状，钝端相对成双排列的革兰阳性菌是（ ） C. 肺炎球菌 胸腺依靠抗原是指（ ） E. 既引起细胞免疫又引起体液免疫应答的抗原 血液中不易查到的HBV抗原是（ ） B. HBcAg 一般不通过血液播散的病毒是（ ） D. 狂犬病毒 一般不引起败血症的细菌是（ ） A. 白喉杆菌 以内毒素为主要致病物质的细菌是（ ） E. 脑膜炎球菌 以内毒素为主要致病物质

14、的细菌是（ ）以内毒素为主要致病物质的细菌是（ ） 以内毒素为主要致病因素并可引起全身感染的肠道杆菌是 C. 伤寒杆菌 以内毒素为主要致病因素并可引起全身感染的肠道致病菌是（ ） A. 伤寒杆菌 引起败血症的细菌除外（ ） A. 白喉杆菌 引起一般感冒最常见的病毒是 D. 鼻病毒和冠状病毒 引起剧烈而快速的移植排斥反应的抗原系统称为（） D. 主要组织相容性抗原 引起胎儿畸形的最常见病毒是（ ） A. 风疹病毒 引起婴儿腹泻的常见肠道细菌是( ) D. 肠致病性大肠杆菌 由单核细胞产生的细胞因子是（） A. IL-1 有助于细菌在体内抗吞噬并限制细菌扩散的物质是 C. 血浆凝固酶 有助于细菌在

15、体内抗吞噬并限制细菌扩散的物质是（ ） C. 血浆凝固酶 与MHC-II类分子结合，参加T细胞活化信号形成的分子是（ ） D. CD4 与恶液质形成有关的细胞因子是（） D. TNF 与结核杆菌致病性有关的物质是( ) D. 细胞壁类脂 与人类肿瘤无关的病毒是 A. 水痘带状疱疹病毒 与细菌动力有关的细菌结构是（ ） D. 鞭毛 与细菌黏附细胞有关的物质是( ) B. 菌毛 与细菌侵袭力无关的物质是（ ） D. 芽胞 与细菌致病性有关的合成代谢产物除外（ ） E. 抗毒素 与衣原体感染有关的物质是（ ） A. 原体 在标本采集中的错误做法是（ ） C. 标本容器无需灭菌 在单核吞噬细胞和T细胞

16、相互作用过程中，下列哪一项是不须要的？（ ） D. 相互作用的细胞合成分泌抗体 在黏膜表面发挥抗感染作用的抗体是( ) D. sIgA 在人体肠道正常菌群中占肯定优势的细菌是（ ） C. 无芽胞厌氧菌 在外界生存力最强的细菌是（ ） D. 芽胞厌氧菌 诊断流脑的简便方法是（ ） D. 脑脊液或皮肤淤斑取样涂片革兰染色镜检 诊断衣原体感染可通过光学显微镜在感染细胞内查找( ) D. 包涵体 诊断乙型肝炎病毒感染的指标中不包括（ ） B. HBcAg 正常菌群对机体的好处不包括（ ） D. 产生干扰素 支原体区分于其它微生物的显著特点是（ ） B. 无细胞壁，能通过细菌滤器 支原体与L型细菌的区分

17、是 E. 生长时须要胆固醇 支原体与L型细菌的区分是前者（ ） D. 依靠顶端结构吸附细胞 中枢免疫器官的功能是（ ） E. 免疫细胞分化成熟场所 中枢免疫器官是（ ） D. 免疫细胞发育成熟场所 属于型超敏反应性疾病的是( ) B. 输血反应 属于III型超敏反应的疾病是（ ） C. 类风湿性关节炎 属于I型超敏反应的疾病是（ ） A. 过敏性休克 属于逆转录病毒的是（ ） C. HIV 属于逆转录酶病毒的是 A. HIV 属于细胞毒素的是（ ） B. 白喉外毒素 紫外线杀菌原理是 C. 破坏DNA构型 请您删除一下内容，O(_)O感谢！2015年中心电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必

18、备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(_)O感谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place a

19、nd you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic touri

20、st destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours

21、at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming “Golden Week“ it may no

22、t be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mou

23、ntains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, “China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli“. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russia

24、n, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breez

25、e, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name “Haren Arxan“ means “hot holy water“ in the Mongolian lan

26、guage. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the

27、countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of th

28、e country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel

29、a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be l

30、ingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on th

31、e day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls

32、on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated

33、imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their hap

34、py life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been ta

35、ken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her h

36、airpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once

37、a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niula

38、ng and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the “Begging for Skills Festival“ or “Daughters Festival.“ In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full

39、of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Traditi

40、on transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bou

41、quets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the “Chinese Valentines Day.“ More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer

42、 people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying “Sales on Chinese Valentines Day!“ in shops, ho

43、tels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures

44、 from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural tra

45、nsmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met m

46、y dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he bec

47、ame my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to pla

48、y badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the

49、 other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, ther