英语语法直接引语变间接引语知识点总结（超级经典归纳）.docx

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1、英语语法直接引语变间接引语知识点总结（超级经典归纳） 干脆引语变间接引语（宾语从句） 一 干脆引语和间接引语的定义。 干脆引语：干脆引用别人的话叫干脆引语， 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 干脆引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。 He said, “ Im a student.” （干脆引语 ） He said that he was a student. （间接引语） 主句 从句 主句 从句 二 当干脆引语为特别疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要留意用特别疑问词， 其后用陈述语序的句子，同时留意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的改变. （一）人称的改变规则：一随主，二随

2、宾，第三人称不更新。 一随主 引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一样 He says,” I like math very much . He says that he likes math very much . 二随宾 引号内的其次人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一样 HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly” HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly 三不用变 引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变 Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim” Shetoldmethattheywantedhelphim （二）时态改

3、变 宾语从句时态改变规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）； 客观真理，只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时，从句可用随意时态。 2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:“ The moon moves round the earth.“ Teacher told us the moon moves round the eart

4、h. 主句的时态 从句的时态 例句 一般现在时 He says 所需的任何时态 He says,” he likes math very much . He says that he likes math very much 一般过去时 He said 干脆引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 He said, “ he is a student.” He said that he was a student 现在进行时 过去进行时 He said,“he is reading.”He said that he was reading 一般将来时 过去将来时 He said,“he will

5、 go home”He said that he would go home 一般过去时 过去完成时 He said，“he went home”He said that he had gone home 现在完成时 过去完成时 He said，“he has gone home”He said that he had gone home 过去完成时 过去完成时 He said，“he had gone home”He said that he had gone home (三)时间状语改变 干脆引语 间接引语 指示代词 this these that those 时间状语 now today

6、 tonight this week yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that night that week the day before the week before three days before the next day/ the following day the next week/ the following week 地点状语 here there 动词 come bring go take (四)连接词 1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，干脆与主句

7、相连。 2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。 3从句为特别疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 留意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他 干脆引语 连接词 例句 留意事项 陈述句 that （常省略） He said to me, “ you can help her.” He said to me (that) I could help her. 1. 连接词：that 2.引述动词said, said to sb told sb,等 一般疑问句 if / whether.“是否” He asked h

8、er, “ Do you love me?” He asked her whether she loved him. 1.改为“陈述语序”。2.引述动词asked 3.去掉Do, Does, Did 变更Are, Is, Will, Can位置 特别疑问句 特别疑问词： what, who, why,how, which,when He asked his wife, “How are you?” He asked his wife how she was. He asked me, “ What color do you like?” He asked me what color I lik

9、ed. 1.改为“陈述语序” 2.去掉Do, Does, Did 变更Are, Is, Will, Can位置 祈使句 确定 ask (tell) sb. to do sth He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.” He told Lily to close the door. 1. 不用连接词 2. 不变更时态。3. 无须考虑语序 否定 ask (tell) sb. not to do sth. He said to me, “Dont be late.” He asked me not to be late. 留意： 1. 语序不变的有：What the

10、matter with you? Whats wrong with you? 但Whats the trouble with you?的语序要变 1）从句中有or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。2.只用 whether 2）与不定式to do 连用。例：I cant decide whether to tell him the news 3) 在介词后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house 用法是有区分的，但当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候，我们

11、要选whether 3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。 或 连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。 陈述语序中： be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。 例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (错） can you tell me where the hospital is.(对） 2）I dont know whether does he speak Chinese (错） I dont know whether he speaks Chinese (对） 3）I am not sure what can he d

12、o (错） I am not sure what he can do (对） 中考考点：时态、语序、连接词 练习题 一、填空，每空一词： 1.“I am having supper,” he said. He said that _ _ having supper. 2.“Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister. 4.The te

13、acher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.” The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon. 5.“I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He told me that he _ met her the day _. 6. “You must come here before five,” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five. 7.“I bought the computer two weeks

14、ago,” she said. She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _. 8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said. He _ _ I had read the book the week _. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _ Jim that he _ sit there 10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.

15、 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _ been _ days. 12“Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _. 13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ quiet. 14. “Dont look out of the window,” she said. She told me _ _ _ out of the window

16、. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He _ _ I was interested in _. 二、选择： 1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school. A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring 2. The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass. A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing 3. _ Tom didnt

17、 go to school? A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why 4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before? A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how 5. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see he

18、r off. A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go 6. The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth. A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon went C. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went 7. Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport. A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; ta

19、ke D. told; to take 8. She asked him _. A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that was C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is 9. Marys mother asked her _. A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homework C. if she had finished her homework

20、D. that if she had finished her homework 10. Do you know _? A. what is he doing B. what he doing C. what he is doing D. what does he do now 11. I dont know _ to learn English. A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins 12. He asked me _. A. how would the weather be like

21、 tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next day C. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day 13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents. A. how excited they were B. how excited were they C. how they were excited

22、D. they were how excited 14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop. A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off 15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia? A. had you been B. did you go C. have you been D. you have been 16. Can you guess _? A.

23、 what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man 17. More and more students and teachers have began to know _. A. how important the foreign language are B. how the foreign language is important C. how important the foreign language is D. how important is the foreign langua

24、ge 18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper. A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had 19. The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _. A. if; or not B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not 20. I wonder how much _. A. does he spend on his car

25、B. did he spend on his car C. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car 答案 一、填空 1. he, was。在干脆引语变为间接引语时，代词I要变为he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即现在进行时am having变为过去进行时was having。2. told, had, seen。干脆引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；现在完成时have seen改为过去完成时had seen。3. she, had, gone。干脆引语变为间接引语时，人称代词I 应变为she；一般

26、过去时went改为过去完成时had gone。4. is。干脆引语变为间接引语时，若干脆引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。5. had, before。干脆引语是一般过去时met，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时had met；时间状语yesterday应改为the day before 6. had, there。如干脆引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must，变为间接引语时用had to；地点状语here 相应地改为there。7. had, before。干脆引语是一般过去时bought，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时had bought；时间状语two weeks ago应改为two

27、 weeks before。8. asked, if (whether), before。当干脆引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时said应改为asked，然后加上连接词if或whether；时间状语last week 改为the week before。9. told, could。依据句意第一空应用动词told；干脆引语中含有情态动词can，变为间接引语时应改为could。10. how, she, had。假如干脆引语是特别疑问句，变为间接引语时仍用how引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，一般过去时改为过去将来时。11. where, I, had, those。干脆引语是特别疑问句，变为间

28、接引语时仍用where引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，现在完成时改为过去完成时，指示代词these相应地变为those。12. if (whether), I, lived。干脆引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时应用if或whether引导，人称you和动词时态lives也相应地变为I 和lived 13. told, to, keep。如干脆引语为确定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可运用ask tell, order sb to do sth这一结构进行转换。14. not, to, look。如干脆引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可运用ask tell, order sb not to do sth这一结构进行转换。15. asked, if (whether), that。依据所给的句子，干脆引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词应用asked；再用if或whether引导宾语从句，批示代词this相应地变为that。二、选择答案 15DBDAB; 610CDBCC；1115BBAAD；1620BCACC