细胞形态学检查优秀PPT.ppt
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1、细胞形态学检查细胞形态学检查n n一、倒置显微镜视察细胞的形态n n(一)一般的形态学视察:n n(二)用相差显微镜视察细胞的形态n n(三)荧光显微镜视察细胞的形态和结构n nIdentification of cultured adult rat RGCsIdentification of cultured adult rat RGCs.Cultured cells were co-labeled.Cultured cells were co-labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody(A),anti-NF-L antibody(B),and DAPI(C).(D)A
2、 with anti-Thy-1 antibody(A),anti-NF-L antibody(B),and DAPI(C).(D)A digitally merged image simultaneously represents all three fluorescent labels.digitally merged image simultaneously represents all three fluorescent labels.(E)The corresponding phase-contrast image.(E)The corresponding phase-contras
3、t image.免疫荧光染色法免疫荧光染色法n n用于标记二抗体的荧光素:n n(1)异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)n n放射的荧光波长为490619(绿色荧光)n n(2)四乙基罗丹明:荧光波长为540660(橙红色荧光)n n(3)DAPI或Hoechst33258:染核,用紫外激发n n 免疫荧光的染色步骤免疫荧光的染色步骤n n1 1、用、用95%95%乙醇固定细胞乙醇固定细胞10-30 10-30 分或用冷丙酮固定分或用冷丙酮固定5 51010分。分。n n2 2、用、用PBSPBS洗洗3 3次。次。n n3 3、用、用PBSPBS配制的配制的1Triton 101Triton 10分。
4、用分。用PBSPBS洗洗3 3次次n n4 4、用、用2%2%5%BSA5%BSA封闭封闭2 2 小时小时n n5 5、加入一抗过夜,、加入一抗过夜,PBSPBS洗洗3 3次次n n6 6、加入二抗、加入二抗1 12 2小时,小时,PBS PBS洗洗3 3次次n n7 7、核复染,荧光显微镜视察。、核复染,荧光显微镜视察。正常细胞和组织的培育n n一、上皮细胞培育(epithelial culture)上皮细胞包括腺上皮是很多器官如肝、胰、乳腺等的功能成分,又由于癌起源于上皮组织,故上皮细胞培育特殊受到重视。但上皮细胞培育中常混杂有成纤维细胞,培育时生长速度往往超过上皮细胞,并难以纯化,同时上
5、皮细胞难以在体外长期生存,因此纯化和延长生存时间是培育关键。n n体内上皮细胞生长在胶原构成的基膜,因此培育在有胶原的底物上可能利于生长,另外人或小鼠表皮细胞培育在以3T3细胞为饲养层(用射线照射后)时,细胞易生长并可发生确定程度的分化现象。降低PH、Ca2+含量和温度,向培育基中加入表皮生长因子,均有利于表皮细胞生长。n n表皮细胞培育表皮细胞培育n n1、取材:外科植皮或手术残余皮肤、取材:外科植皮或手术残余皮肤小块,早产流产儿皮肤更好,取角小块,早产流产儿皮肤更好,取角化层薄者,切成化层薄者,切成0.51平方厘米小块。平方厘米小块。2、置、置0.02%EDTA中,室温,中,室温,5分钟。
6、分钟。3、换入、换入0.25%胰蛋白酶中,胰蛋白酶中,4过夜。过夜。4、分别:取出皮块,用血管钳或镊、分别:取出皮块,用血管钳或镊子将表皮与真皮层分开。子将表皮与真皮层分开。5、取出表皮,剪成更小的块后,置、取出表皮,剪成更小的块后,置0.25%胰酶中,胰酶中,37,3060分钟。分钟。6、反复吹打,制成悬液。、反复吹打,制成悬液。7、培育:用、培育:用80目不锈钢纱网滤过后,目不锈钢纱网滤过后,低速离心,吸去上清。低速离心,吸去上清。8、干脆加入培育基(、干脆加入培育基(Eagle加加20%小小牛血清)制成细胞悬液,接种入培牛血清)制成细胞悬液,接种入培育瓶,育瓶,CO2温箱培育。温箱培育。
7、Cultured Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells 神经胶质细胞培育神经胶质细胞培育n n神经细胞(神经元不易培育,只有在适宜状况下,如接种在胶原底层上,或加入神经生长因子和胶质细胞因子时,可出现确定程度的分化,长出突起等现象,但很难使之增值。而神经胶质细胞是神经组织中比较简洁培育的成分。人、鼠等脑组织即可用于神经胶质细胞培育,不仅能获得生长的胶质细胞,也可形成能传代的二倍体细胞系。一般说来,胶质细胞在培育中生长不稳定,不易自发转化,但对外界因素仍保持很好的敏感性,n n获得脑组织后,细致剥除脑膜、血管和纤维成分,置获得脑组织后,细致剥除脑膜、血管和纤维成分,置Ha
8、nksHanks液中漂洗一、二次。液中漂洗一、二次。2 2、置于、置于30503050倍体积的倍体积的HanksHanks液中,此时脑组织比较液中,此时脑组织比较松软,反复吹打即制成细胞悬液。松软,反复吹打即制成细胞悬液。3 3、把悬液注入离心管室温中直立、把悬液注入离心管室温中直立510510分钟后,细胞分钟后,细胞或细胞团快自然下沉,脂肪等杂物易漂移,可吸除上或细胞团快自然下沉,脂肪等杂物易漂移,可吸除上层、反复二、三次,即可解除脂肪成分和其它碎块并层、反复二、三次,即可解除脂肪成分和其它碎块并获较多细胞成分。获较多细胞成分。4 4、在沉降物中加入适量培育液,通过纱网过滤,计数、在沉降物中
9、加入适量培育液,通过纱网过滤,计数并调整细胞密度。并调整细胞密度。5 5、接入培育瓶或皿中,置、接入培育瓶或皿中,置5%CO25%CO2温箱中培育。温箱中培育。该细胞适应环境过程较长,接种后贴壁较慢。贴壁后该细胞适应环境过程较长,接种后贴壁较慢。贴壁后短期内也可能不见细胞分裂现象,然而一旦生长后即短期内也可能不见细胞分裂现象,然而一旦生长后即能快速进入旺盛的增殖状态。细胞传代可以能快速进入旺盛的增殖状态。细胞传代可以0.25%0.25%胰酶胰酶消化处理。消化处理。Cultured neuronCultured microglia大鼠肝细胞的培育大鼠肝细胞的培育(成年成年)n n培育液:Koga
10、 培育液,最好加入Williams 和Waymouth MB752/1)n n消化液:型胶原酶300U/mg,运用浓度为0.025%n n方法:1 灌流法分别肝细胞:门静脉和下腔插管静脉插管n n2、用预灌流液(8.3 mg/ml NaCl,0.5 mg/ml KCl,2.4 mg/ml HEPES,pH 7.4)灌流8分钟 n n3、用含0.05%胶原酶的灌流液(预灌流液中加入5 mmol/LCaCl2,0.05%胶原酶)接着灌流10分钟。n n4、将肝叶剪下,将消化好的肝细胞轻轻刮下,获得的肝细胞悬液离心(600 r/min)三次,每次2分钟 n n5、然后重新悬浮于WE培育基中(含10%
11、血清,Insulin 0.2 U/ml,L-Glutamine 0.292 mg/ml,100 nM dexamethasone)。n n6、Isolated cells were plated on collagen type I-coated dishes in medium I consisting of Williams medium E。n nHepatocyte Isolation and CultureHepatocyte Isolation and Culture n nHepatocytes were isolated from the liver of Hepatocyte
12、s were isolated from the liver of fed male BALB/c mice(22-25 g)by using the fed male BALB/c mice(22-25 g)by using the two-step collagenase perfusion method.After two-step collagenase perfusion method.After the induction of anesthesia with the induction of anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium(400mg/k
13、g ip),the pentobarbital sodium(400mg/kg ip),the peritoneal cavity was opened,and the liver peritoneal cavity was opened,and the liver was perfused in situ via the portal vein for was perfused in situ via the portal vein for 4min at 37C with calcium-free HEPES 4min at 37C with calcium-free HEPES buff
14、er and for 7min with HEPES buffer buffer and for 7min with HEPES buffer containing 45mg/100 ml collagenase D containing 45mg/100 ml collagenase D(Boehringer-Mannheim,Laval,QC,Canada)and(Boehringer-Mannheim,Laval,QC,Canada)and 135mg/100 ml CaCl2.The perfusion rate was 135mg/100 ml CaCl2.The perfusion
15、 rate was set at 5ml/min for both solutions.set at 5ml/min for both solutions.n nThe cells were used only if cell viability,as determined by trypan blue exclusion,was 80%.The cells were seeded onto plastic petri dishes(26,000cells/cm2)in Williams medium E(GIBCO BRL,Toronto,ON,Canada)supplemented wit
16、h 10%fetal bovine serum(GIBCO BRL)and allowed 90min to attach.The serum-containing medium was then removed,and the cells were subjected to different culture conditions in serum-free medium.n nFig.5.Fig.5.Morphology of EGF-treated mouse hepatocytes in the presence and Morphology of EGF-treated mouse
17、hepatocytes in the presence and absence of PD-168393.Primary mouse hepatocyte cultures were incubated absence of PD-168393.Primary mouse hepatocyte cultures were incubated with medium(untreated)or EGF(50ng/ml)in the presence or absence of with medium(untreated)or EGF(50ng/ml)in the presence or absen
18、ce of 10M PD-168393.After 24h in culture,EGF-treated hepatocytes were 10M PD-168393.After 24h in culture,EGF-treated hepatocytes were spread,and their cell surface increased compared with untreated cells.spread,and their cell surface increased compared with untreated cells.Hepatocytes treated with E
19、GF in the presence of PD-168393 were spheroid Hepatocytes treated with EGF in the presence of PD-168393 were spheroid and resembled control cells with or without PD-168393.Magnification,100.and resembled control cells with or without PD-168393.Magnification,100.大鼠心肌细胞的培育大鼠心肌细胞的培育n n新生大鼠鼠龄的选择新生大鼠鼠龄的选
20、择n n新生大鼠心肌细胞在诞生后新生大鼠心肌细胞在诞生后3d内具有内具有部分的增殖实力部分的增殖实力,成年大鼠心肌细胞则成年大鼠心肌细胞则为终末分化细胞为终末分化细胞,不再具有分裂增殖实不再具有分裂增殖实力力.因此因此,大鼠诞生时间越短大鼠诞生时间越短,其心肌细其心肌细胞分别后成活率越高胞分别后成活率越高,越简洁贴壁生长越简洁贴壁生长.大量观测表明大量观测表明,选择选择13 d龄大鼠分别其龄大鼠分别其心肌细胞进行原代培育较为志向心肌细胞进行原代培育较为志向.其中其中尤以半日龄大鼠心肌细胞培育效果最尤以半日龄大鼠心肌细胞培育效果最佳佳.神经细胞分散培育神经细胞分散培育n n(一)(一)选材选材
21、常用胚胎动物或新生鼠神经组织。鸡常用胚胎动物或新生鼠神经组织。鸡胚常用胚龄胚常用胚龄6-8d6-8d,新生鼠或胎鼠(,新生鼠或胎鼠(12-14d12-14d)或人胚)或人胚胎。不过也有认为与组织相关。如大白鼠胚胎以胎。不过也有认为与组织相关。如大白鼠胚胎以19d19d为宜,小鼠以为宜,小鼠以18d18d为宜,大鼠纹状体以为宜,大鼠纹状体以10d10d为宜;为宜;若纹状体与黑质联合培育的大鼠胚,则黑质以若纹状体与黑质联合培育的大鼠胚,则黑质以13d13d,纹状体,纹状体18-21d18-21d为宜;小脑以为宜;小脑以20-21d20-21d小鼠胚胎,所小鼠胚胎,所获蒲氏细胞成活率高,颗粒细胞正在
22、分化;脊髓获蒲氏细胞成活率高,颗粒细胞正在分化;脊髓与与DRGDRG联合培育,常用联合培育,常用4-7d4-7d鸡胚或鸡胚或12-14d12-14d小鼠胚胎,小鼠胚胎,取材易,神经成活率高。取材易,神经成活率高。n n(二)取材。脑则取出相应组织,在解剖液中先剪碎,以使胰酶消化。脊髓则固定于琼脂板上,用小刀将其要成背腹两侧,分别培育。n n(三)细胞分别与接种。神经组织用0.125-0.25%胰蛋白酶在37孵育30min,移入接种液,停止消化,并洗去胰蛋白酶液,用细口吸管吹打细胞悬液,使其充分分散,如此多次,待沉淀后吸出上层细胞悬液,计数,预置细胞密度,接种于培育皿(1106),做电生理应为5
23、105或更低。n n(四)抑制胶质细胞生长。培育3-5d后,也有人认为培育7d后,用阿糖胞苷,或5-FU抑制神经胶质细胞的生长。(五)视察。接种6-12h,起先贴壁,并有集合现象,细胞生长突起明显,5-7d胶质细胞增生明显,7-10d胶质细胞成片于神经细胞下面,形成地毯,2周时神经细胞生长最丰满,四周晕光明显,一个月后,有些神经细胞起先退化,变形,甚至出现空泡,一般培育2-4周最宜。n n但神经细胞只能增大,而不能增殖,只能原代,不能传代,不会有细胞周期,而且随培育时间的延长,细胞数量在下降,但胶质细胞可以,神经胶质细胞也可以。在培育过程中,早期9-12d时,有较多的神经细胞死亡,这是第一次死
24、亡阶段,应留意保持条件的恒定。在此之后存活下去的细胞一般突起长而多,且相互形成突触。Neuronal culturen n1.Rat pups aged l-l 5 d,were killed by cervical 1.Rat pups aged l-l 5 d,were killed by cervical dislocation.dislocation.n n2.Cortex placed in Earles balanced salt solution 2.Cortex placed in Earles balanced salt solution (BSS)at 37C.and cu
25、t into 500 urn slices(BSS)at 37C.and cut into 500 urn slices n n3.Slices of visual cortex were incubated at 37C 3.Slices of visual cortex were incubated at 37C with gentle stirring in 10 ml of enzyme solution with gentle stirring in 10 ml of enzyme solution n n4.After 1.5 hr.the slices were rinsed b
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