2023年职称英语考试补全短文练习题（9）-补全短文.docx

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1、2023年职称英语考试补全短文练习题（9）|补全短文职称英语网权威发布2023年职称英语考试补全短文练习题（9），更多2023年职称英语考试补全短文练习题（9）相关信息请访问职称英语考试网。Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing;the major problems include commercial,political,and foreign exchange risk.Commercial risks are handled essentially

2、as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solvency,default,or refusal to pay bills. The major risk，_1_ which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adju

3、stments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered,a dispute over contract terms,or_2_. One company,for example,shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be bel

4、ow acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price,reselling the potatoes,or shipping them home again,each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution,currency inconvertibility,expropriation or expulsion,an

5、d restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered,sometimes there is no way to avoid p

6、olitical risk，_3_.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems,but for many years,most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the worlds major currencies have forced all marketers _4_. International Business Machine Corporation,fo

7、r example,reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. _5_,devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated,but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.Exercise：A to be

8、 especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planningB any other disagreement over which payment is withheldC however,is competitionD so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular marketE Before rates

9、were permitted to floatF After serious considerationKey:CBDAEPASSAGE 21Price PlanningA price represents the value of a goods or service for both the seller and the buyer. Price planning is systematic decision making by an organization regarding all aspects of pricing.The value of a goods or service

10、can involve both tangible and intangible marketing factors. An example of a tangible marketing factor is the cost savings_1_. An example of an intangible marketing factor is a consumers pride in the ownership of a Lamborghini rather than another brand of automobile. For an example to take place,both

11、 the buyer and seller must feel that the price of a goods or service provides an equitable value. To the buyer,the payment of a price reduces purchasing power _2_. To the seller,receipt of a price is a source of revenue and an important determinant of sales and profit levels.Many words are substitut

12、es for the term price:admission fee,membership fee,rate,tuition,service charge,donation,rent,salary,interest,retainer,and assessment. No matter what it is called，_3_:monetary and non-monetary charges,discounts,handling and shipping fees,credit charges and other forms of interest,and late-payment pen

13、alties.A non-price exchange would be selling a new iron for 10 books of trading stamps or an airline offering tickets as payment for advertising space and time. Monetary and non-monetary exchange may be combined. This is common with automobiles,_4_. This combination allows a reduction in the monetar

14、y price.From a broader perspective,price is the mechanism for allocating goods and services among potential purchasers and for ensuring competition among sellers in an open market economy. If there is an excess of demand over supply,prices are usually bid up by consumers. If there is an excess of su

15、pply over demand，_5_.Exercise：A a price contains all the terms of purchaseB obtained by the purchase of a new bottling machine by a soda manufacturerC where the consumer gives the seller money plus a trade-inD available for other itemsE prices are usually reduced by sellersF price means what one pays for what he wantskey：BDACE