2023年中文演讲稿(精选多篇).docx
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1、2023年中文演讲稿(精选多篇) 推荐第1篇:中文演讲稿 功能对等理论 功能对等理论由美国人尤金A奈达(Eugene Nida)提出,奈达师从几位著名的结构主义语言大师,本身也是有重要地位的语言学家,曾任美国语言学会主席。但这位在学术界赫赫有名的人物,偏偏远离学术重镇,默默地在美国圣经协会供职半个多世纪。他一生的主要学术活动都围绕圣经翻译展开。在圣经翻译的过程中,奈达从实际出发,发展出了一套自己的翻译理论,最终成为翻译研究的经典之一。奈达理论的核心概念是“功能对等”。所谓“功能对等”,就是说翻译时不求文字表面的死板对应,而要在两种语言间达成功能上的对等。 奈达“功能对等”理论的核心是“译文读者
2、对原文的反应与原文读者对原文的反应应该是一致的”。进而他将翻译定义为,“从语义到文体在译语中用最近似的自然对等值再现原语的信息(李*,2023:115)”,该定义中的“信息”应该包括原语传达的各种信息:语义的、文体的和文学形象的、情景的和心理效果方面等等。奈达的功能对等翻译共有四个标准:(1)传达信息;(2)传达原作的精神和风格;(3)语言顺畅,完全符合译语规范和惯例;(4)读者反应类似。这对于文学小说的翻译有重大的指导意义 1.Katharina Rei:Text Typology The theories concerning text type and translation are m
3、ostly based on the work done by Buhler in the 1930s .Buhlers idea is to categorize text on the basis of their main function.He defines three types: conative, expreive and representative.Buhlers idea is to categorize text on the basis of their main function.He defines three types: conative, expreive
4、and representative. Buhlers ideas are further developed by Katharina Rei (1971).Her text typology is 1) the informative text where the content is the main focus.(These texts do plain communication of facts, information, knowledge, opinions etc.); 2) the expreive text where the focus is on creative c
5、omposition and aesthetics.(Both the author or the sender and the meage are what are foregrounded.Imaginative creative literature exemplifies these texts.); 3) the operative text where the focus is “appellative” by which what is meant is that the text appeals to the reader to act in a certain way, pe
6、rsuading, diuading, requesting, and cajoling him.This form of language is usually dialogic or conversational. In addition, Rei defines a fourth category, audio-visual texts.This is a sort of mixed category, which can include texts from all the other categories, as long as they are intended for audio
7、-visual media. Functional Features of Text Typology and their links to translation methods Text typology informative Expreive operative Language function Informative (objects and facts) Expreive (expreing the senders attitudes) Appellative (making an appeal to text receiver) Language dimension Logic
8、al aesthetic Dialogue/conversation Text focus Content-focused Form-focused Appellative-focused TT should Transmit referential content Transmit aesthetic form Elicit-desired response Translation method plain prose explicitation as required (直白语言,按需要明晰化) Identifying method, (同一策略)adopt perspective of
9、S author adaptive, equivalent effect (顺应、等 2.Hans JVermeer:Skopostheorie Skopostheorie regards adequacy as its method of aeing whether the translation quality is good enough.3.Justa Holz-Manttari:Theory of Translational Action The German school of functionalist translation theory,which has put forwa
10、rd the concept of translational action,defines translation as a kind of activities aiming at the prospective translation function and skopos,thus breaking the static ST-oriented research pattern and viewing translation as a selective and intentional intercultural communicative action intermediated b
11、y the translator.4.Christiane Nord:Function plus Loyalty translators are responsible for the effects for either the target audiences or the source-text authors or the client or even the translator as an individual A complex action designed to achieve a particular purpose target-text should be respon
12、sible for the source-text 1.Equivalent Translation The strategy of substituting corresponding expreions in the target language which carries equivalent referential or pragmatic meaning as that in the source language Can be defined as“equivalent translation,which is mainly applied to universally-used
13、 signsNow that English-speaking countries have their own standard and usage for such public signs,it is better for Chinese translators to follow the conventionThe application of international standard produces achieves equivalence in the sense of functionalist approaches A large mount of public sign
14、s can resort to the existing English expreion in the proce of translationThese universallyused signs are the common names and terms of traffic,public and commercial services,tourist attractions and SO onFor instance, the sign“男卫生间”in stores can be substituted by“Mens Roomor“Men”as they arc called in
15、 English-speaking countries 2 Formulated Translation Some restricting and compelling public signs cannot be directly translated by existing international public signsHowever,translators伽still borrow the structure and expreions of these established public signsIn other words,the translation of these
16、two kinds of public signs can be formulated and follow the international standardAccording to the particular style and language features of public signs,there are mainly four patterns can be formulated: Omiion In order to achieve literary grace,a large number of Chinese public signs (especially some
17、 slogans)tend to use ornate diction,phrases and sentences in parallel structuresThe ornate diction and phrases can realize the effect of rhythm and parallel sentences can produce the effect of tight structureHowever,the rhythmical beauty and structural harmony in the public signs lead to the weak in
18、 information-conveying and communication purposeThat is to say,in the CE translation of public signs, some hollow words which are not in tune with the target language culture can be justifiably omittedTherefore,translation technique“omiioncan be employed to go against unneceary repetition in the pub
19、lic signs translation to achieve concisene and avoid word redundancy. Theories of Functionalist Approaches The 1970s saw the emergence and flourishing in Germany of functionalist approaches to the research on translationAs a valuable complement to translation theories,functionalist theories have pre
20、sented an entirely new perspective to translation researchAs mentioned in the book Translating as a Purposeful Activity, Nord points out that“Functionalist means concentrating on the function or functions of texts and translations and functionalism is a broad term for various theories that approach
21、translation in this way”Nord,2023:1) There have been four distinguished contributors to the formation of functionalist theory:Katharine Rei,Hans JVermeer,Justa Holz-Manttari and Christiane Nord All of them are German scholars,so the theory is regarded as the“German Schoolof functionalist theoryThus,
22、the focus of this chapter is on the following four parts: 1Katharina ReiS early work on text typology; 2Hans JVermeers skopos theory; 3Justa Holz-ManttariS theory of translational action; 4Christiane NordS functionplus-loyalty model 功能理论下唐山市公示语翻译 第1章介绍 1.1 公共标志的定义 公共标志指在公共场所使用的语言向公众传递信息。 1.2 公共标志的分类
23、 它们包括道路标志、交通标志、公共通知、口号、指标,警告说,在风景优美的地方迹象和服务机构。在本文中,作者打算采用的例子覆盖尽可能多的公共标志上方尽可能具体。 1.3功能的公共标志 1)指导功能 指导功能公开迹象表明关注指导目标读者和为他们提供一些有用的信息。 无烟餐厅Non-smoking Restaurant 2) 提示功能 提示功能公开迹象表明广泛应用在大多数情况下为了提醒目标读者注意如果他们打算执行任何动作,这个促使迹象携带的语气提醒超过指导。小心碰头Mind Your Head 3)限制功能 限制功能公开迹象表明给予限制和局限性的行为的公众与直接的语言,没有不礼貌,艰难或粗鲁的印象,
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