过去分词的用法及练习.docx
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1、过去分词的用法及练习 今日给大家带来了过去分词的用法及练习,快来一起学习吧,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。 过去分词的用法及练习 .概念:过去分词: 表示动作是被动的和已经完成 .功能 一过去分词作表语 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,只表示动作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构。 The city issurrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环
2、山。 留意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区分:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。 The cup wasbroken by my little sister yesterday. (被动语态,表示动作) The library is now closed. (过去分词作表语表示状态) 【留意】过去分词表示被动或完成;-ing 形式表示主动或进行。有些心情类动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten ,shock等修饰人加-ed; 修饰物用 -ing。 Thebook is interesting and I'm in
3、terested in it. 这本书很好玩,我对它很感爱好。 二 . 过去分词作定语: 及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成。 1.单个的过去分词用作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 We must adaptour thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必需使我们的思想适应变更了的状况。 fallen leaves枯叶 the risen sun升起来的太阳 written /spoken English笔头/口头英语 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,常置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句
4、简洁 The concertgiven by their friends was a success. 他们挚友实行的音乐会大为胜利。 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。 The meeting,attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们实行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。 三 . 过去分词作宾语补足语 (一)过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类: 1.感官动词。如:see,watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice,
5、等。 I heard the songsung in English. 我听到这首歌有人用英语唱过。 He felt himselffollowed. 他感觉有人跟踪他。 (过去分词changed表示动作的完成。) 2. 使役动词。如:have,make, get, keep, leave等。 Ill have myhair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Dontleave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 【留意】过去分词所表示的动作肯定和宾语有逻辑上的动
6、宾关系。 (二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种状况。 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 He had his watch repaired.他请人把手表修了。(被别人修) She had the wellwater delivered to her house every day. 2. 过去分词表示主语遭遇不幸。如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(自己的遭受) He had his wallet stolen on a bus. 3. 表示发觉类的词find/spot/等 He found his hometown greatly changed.
7、She spotted herself followed behind. 四 . 过去分词作状语 : (缘由/条件/时间/让步等状语一般放句首;伴随状语常放句末) (其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一样) 1. 过去分词作缘由状语 Writtenin a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。 Lost / Absorbedin thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思索之中,所以他没听到那个声音。 2. 过去分词作条件状语 Given anotherhour, I can also work
8、 out this problem. (假如)再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题。 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looksmore beautiful to us. (假如)(当-时) 从山顶看城市,城市显得更美丽 3.过去分词作时间状语 有时为了强调时间概念,可用表示时间的连词when,while+过去分词。 Whenasked about the secret of his success,he owed it to his family. When given a medical examination,you shouldkeep cal
9、m. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇静 4. 过去分词作伴随状语 常可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。 He entered thelab followed by his assistant. The professorsat there,surroundedby a lot of students. 5.过去分词作让步状语 Beaten by theopposite team,theplayers were not discouraged. =Though they were
10、beaten by the opposite team,the players werenot discouraged.虽然被对方战胜,但队员们没有泄气。 高考链接 1.Lindaworked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C.being known D. to be known 2.The disc, digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded
11、B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 3.Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to thebeauty of nature. A. to smell B. sm
12、elling C. smelt D. to be smelt 巩固练习 1._ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player . A Having given BTo give C Giving D Given 2_in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A Beingfounded B It was founded C Founded D Founding 3Unless _to speak ,you should remain
13、silent at the conference . A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited 4_,but he still couldnt understand it . A He had beentold many times B Having been toldmany times C Told manytimes D Although he had beentold many times 5When first _to the market , theseproducts enjoyed great success .
14、 Aintroducing B introduced Cintroduce D being introduced 6There seemed to be nothing _to do but _for the doctor . A leave /send Bleft / to send C left /send D leaving / send 7_everywhere, the wolves had no where _themselves . A Hunting /hiding B To hunt / to hide C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / to hide
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