2015年高考英语短文改错解题技巧.pdf

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1、 2015 年高考英语短文改错解题技巧 2 高考英语短文改错解题技巧 一、短文改错常见考点设置：（1）名词 命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数；本来用单数，却用复数。改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份 (2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.1.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.（schoolmate 改为 schoolmates）2.After class we become stranger at once.（stranger 改为 strangers）3.They want me to devote all my t

2、ime to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.（subject 改为 subjects）4.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.（picture 改为pictures）5.There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.（advantage 改为advantages）6.Now we can get millions of inf

3、ormations from 3 the Internet.(informations 去掉 s)7.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.（ideas 改为 idea）8.She is one of the most intelligent girl in our class.(girl 改为 girls)9.I looked at his other hands.（hands 改为hand）10.Most of them are peasant and some often go fishing in the sea.(pe

4、asant 改为 peasants)11.We have made great progresses with Mr.Liu teaching us.(progresses 去掉 es)12.What a fine weather it is today!(去掉 a)（2）代词 命题特点：1.男女性代词用反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性用错；4.缺少人称代词。改正方法:根据上下文的逻辑关系以及人称代词的数和格的一致问题.1.Rose is such a kind girl that we all like him very much.(him 改为 her)2.The Smiths did

5、his best to make me feel at 4 5 6 8.He was looking for a glass the cupboard.（glass 后加 in）9.Please help with me and give me some advice.(去掉 with)（4）时态、语态错误 命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时；或者通常整篇都是现在，突然一个句子用过去时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。语态错误主要包括主动语态与被动语态的错用以及不及物动词用

6、了被动语态。1.They did not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I can make great progress.（did 改为 do）2.The time passes quickly.Evening came.（passes改为 passed）3.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（reads 改为 read）4.I dont know that they dont lik

7、e to talk with 7 me.Sometimes,we talked to each other very well in class.（talked 改为 talk）5.I will write again and send you the photos we take together.（take 改为 took）6.We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.（have 改为 had）7.We fed monkeys,visiting temples and told stories.（v

8、isiting 改为 visited）（5）副 词 或 并 列 连 词 逻 辑 意 义 错 误（and/but/or/so 误用及前后不一致）指的是依据上下文或者全篇文章的语境判断，该词的逻辑意义不符合该处的语境，如表转折关系的用了并列关系的词，表结果的用了表原因的词等这类错误。命题特点：主要考查 and、or、but、so 等并列连词的误用。改正方法；1）根据句意确定错误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。1.She is smiling at me but nodding at me.（but改为 and）2.It looks as if my parents treat me as a v

9、isitor 8 and a guest.（and 改为 or）3.The food was expensive and the service was good.（and 改为 but）4.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.（but 改为 and）5.Hurry up,and you will miss the first bus.（and 改为 or 或 otherwise）6.She worked hard,and s

10、he was admitted to Beijing University.(and 改为 so)7.Many peasants own their air-conditioners but some even have their own cars.(but 改为 and)（6）从句连词 命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或连接词是否得当等。1.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain

11、.（noon 后加 when）2.I dont know that they dont like to talk with 9 me.（that 改为 why）3.The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.（去掉 that 前的 in）4.What interested us most was what he gave his lessons lively and interesting.(第二个 what 改为 that)5.T

12、hey did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.（去掉 that）6.That she said at the meeting surprised everyone in the room.(that 改为 what)7.He came out to see that was happening outside in the street.(that 改为 what)（7）冠词 命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词 a 和 an 互改；2）不

13、定冠词 a 或 an 和定冠词 the 互改；3）根据需要增删冠词：定冠词 the 的多余或缺失，如季节、月份、星期、球类、三餐、称呼或头衔等前不能加the却加了the,same等常和the一起使用的词漏掉了 the；可数名词的单数形式前面没有冠词或其他限定词。10 1.As everyone knows,its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.（famous前加a）2.He built a telescope through which he could study sky.(sky 前加 the)3.We may b

14、e one family and live under a same roof,but-（a 改为 the）4.On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.（a 改为 the）5.Rose comes from an European country but she can speak Chinese.(an 改为 a)6.All of us think it is a bad weather it is today.(去掉 a)7.I hope youve had pleasant journey ho

15、me（had 后加 a）8.We all think Betty is a honest girl.(a 改为 an)9.Up to now about 8 astronauts has walked in the space.(去掉 the)10.With the help of Mr.Li I have made a great progress.(去掉 a)（8）形容词和副词 命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的 11 误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）形容词或副词形式的错用：该用形容词的形式却用了副词的形式，或者该用副词的形式却用了形容词的形式；2）形容词或副词级别的错用：指该用

16、形容词或副词的比较级或最高级却用了原级，或者该用原级形式却用了比较级或最高级，或者该用最高级却用了比较级等。此外，还有比较级的修饰语使用不当，如比较级不能修饰比较级，如果出现比较级修饰比较级的情况，则前面的比较级是错误地，可能需要去掉或者修改该词语。常见的比较级修饰语有：a bit,a little,slightly,much far,even 等。常见的最高级修饰语有:almost,(by)far,nearly,quite,really,second,third 等。3)有无-ly结尾的副词错用。这类错误一种情况是该词本身是副词，不加-ly 却加了；另一种情况是两个词都是副词，一个以-ly

17、结尾，一个是本身的形式，应该用以-ly 结尾的副词，却用了没有以-ly 结尾的副词形式，不该用以-ly 结尾的副词却用了。事实上，一般说来，以-ly 结尾的副词表示抽象意义，而不以-ly 结尾的副词表示具体的动作程度，如 think highly of 对评价很高，jump high。1）根据 adj.或 adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修 12 饰名词用形容词，系表结构用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词，在句首用副词。1.I would describe myself as shy and quietly.（quietly 改为 quiet）2.There have

18、 been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.（person 改为 personal）3.The life of the people in the village has great improved.(great 改为 greatly)4.To catch the first bus she hurried to the station as rapid as she can.(rapid 改为 rapidly)5.Finding information o

19、n the Net is easily.（easily改为 easy）6.They came back lately and had some tea.（lately 改为 late）7.There are many foreigners coming to Qingdao for a tour in recently years.(recently 改为 recent)8.Climate in Beijing is much cold than that in Nanjing.(cold 改为 colder)13 9.The soup tastes great delicious.(grea

20、t 改为greatly)10.I am sure I can get along good with my host family.(good 改为 well)11.Fortunate he passed the driving test.(fortunate 改为 fortunately)12.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world,so I decided to ask her for help.(better 改为 best)13.I found the test difficult,but I tried hardly to do i

21、t.(hardly 改为 hard)（9）非谓语动词 命题特点及改正方法：1)动词不定式的 to 不可以省略而省略，2)应该用过去分词而用现在分词，3)该用现在分词而用过去分词；4)该用非谓语动词而用了谓语动词。1.Earning their own money allows them spend on anything as they please.（spend 前加 to）2.My parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.（make 前加 to）14 3.Soon I began to enjoy

22、 talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.（talk 改为 talking）4.The quake destroyed many houses and buildings made many people homeless.(made 改为 making)5.Repairing last month,now the bathroom opens.(repairing 改为 repaired)6.We fed monkeys,visiting temples and told st

23、ories.（visiting 改为 visited）7.Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.（去掉 to）8.There are a lot of people learned English in China.(learned 改为 learning)9.You should had a balancing diet to grow a healthy man.(balancing 改为 balanced)10.When she returned she found her bike losing.

24、(losing 改为 lost)（10）定语从句中的关系代词 命题特点改正方法：1）关系代词和人称代词的错用；2）关系代词和人称代词的叠用 3）关系代词遗漏 15 1.She moved to Canada,there he picked up some English.(there 改为 where)2.I saw a pretty girl,she came from the US.(she改为 who)3.Hes reading the same book that she did last week.(that 改为 as)4.Do you know the boy his fathe

25、r is a doctor?(his 改为 whose)5.Tom bought the new bike which he found it two weeks ago.(去掉 it,与 which 重复)6.Finally they arrived at the cinema,that was standing on the water.(that 改为 which)7.Suddenly he found a temple,which was built it 100 years ago.(去掉 it,与 which 重复)8.Do you know the girl spoke to t

26、he boy just now?(在 spoke 前加 who)9.On Teachers Day they talked about some things and persons whom they remembered in the past.(whom 改为 that)10.The film was directed by Li An is very interesting.(在 was 前加 which 或 that)11.Ill tell you all which he told me 16 yesterday.(which 改为 that)12.He came from Can

27、ada from him I learned a lot of knowledge.(him 改为 whom)13.Ill never forget the days when we spent together.(when 去掉或改为 that/which)（11）主谓一致 命题特点改正方法：谓语动词的形式跟主语不一致。其错误类型表现为：1）主语时复数形式，而谓语动词却用了单数，2）或者主语是单数形式，谓语动词却用了复数形式；3）第三人称单数漏掉 s；4）再就是就近原则对主语的影响。1.She go to school by bike at 630 in the morning.(go 改为

28、 goes)2.Is there any books on the writing desk?(is 改为are)3.What surprised us most are that he had passed the College Entrance Examination.(are 改为was)4.Here is the answers to the questions.(is 改为 are)5.White as well as her parents come from the US.(come 后加 s)17 6.The girl whose father is a doctor com

29、e from the US.(come 改为 comes)7.Suddenly I found an old man who lies on the ground.(lies 改为 lay)8.Looking after the patient are her job.(are 改为 is)9.There are 40 students in our class,26 of whom is girls.(is 改为 are)（12）平行结构 命题特点改正方法：词性或结构前后不一致，根据上下文句意做出判断 1.Mother is a kind,health,friendly woman in o

30、ur neighbor.(health 改为 healthy)2.How much time did you take relax as well as to study per day?(relax 改为 to relax)3.Betty looks pretty,kindly,patient and healthy.(kindly 改为 kind)4.She went to the hospital and pay a visit to her sister.(pay 改为 paid)5.At work,it is IQ that gets you hire but it is EQ th

31、at gets you promoted.(hire 改为 hired)18 6.I go over my lessons and doing a lot of practice after class.(doing 改为 do)7.I have many hobbies,for example,I like surfing the Internet and do sports.(do 改为 doing)二、短文改错口诀 动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾.三.短文改错小结 做短文改错应采取六个步骤和四不改。详解：六个步骤：（1）通读短文，整体把握短文大意。（2）细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。（3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。（4）逐行修改，先易后难。（5）复读全文，验证答案。（6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。四不改:标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错.19