翻译硕士考研2022川大外院《翻译硕士英语》考研真题.pdf

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1、翻译硕士考研 2022 川大外院翻译硕士英语考研真题 四川大学外国语学院 211 翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解 Passage B“How many copies do you want printed,Mr.Greeley?”“Five thousand!”The answer was snapped back without hesitation.“But,sir,”the press foreman protested,“we have subscriptions for only five hundred newspapers.”“Well sell them or give them

2、away.”The presses started rolling,sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping streets of New York City.The New York Tribune was born.The newspapers founder,owner,and editor,Horace Greeley,anxiously snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press.This was his dream of many years that he

3、 held in his hand.It was as precious as a child.Its birth was the result of years of poverty,hard work,and disappointments.Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life.He was born of poor parents on February 3,1811,on a small farm in New Hampshire.During his early childhood,the Greeley

4、family rarely had enough to eat.They moved from one farm to another because they could not pay their debts.Young Horaces only boyhood fun was readingwhen he could snatch a few moments during a long working day.“The printed word always fascinated Horace.When he was only ten years old,he applied for a

5、 job as an apprentice in a printing shop.But he didnt get the job because he was too young.Four years later,Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to answer an ad.A paper called the Northern Spectator had a job for a boy.The editor asked him why he wanted to boa printer,Horace spoke

6、up boldly:“Because,sir,I want to learn all I can about newspapers.”The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy.Finally he said,“You ve got the job,son.”For the first six months,room and board would be the only pay for his work.After that,he would get room and board and forty dollars a year.Horace hur

7、ried home to shout the good news to his family.When he got there,he learned that his family was about to move again this time to Pennsylvania.Horace decided to stay and work.Mrs.Greeley hated leaving her son behind,but gave her consent.Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred miles

8、to visit his family.Each time,he took all the money he had saved and gave it to his father.The Spectator failed after Horace had spent four years working for it.He joined his family in Erie,Pennsylvania,and got a job on the Erie Gazette.Half the money he earned he gave to his family.The other half h

9、e saved to go to New York.When he was twenty,Horace arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket.He was turned down twice when he asked for a job.Finally he became a typesetter for John T Wests Printery.The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so difficult other printers wouldnt take

10、 it.His job was to set a very small edition of the Bible.Horace almost ruined his eyes at that job.As young Greeleys skill grew,better jobs came his way.He could have bought better clothes and moved out of his dingy room.But he was used to being poor,and his habits did not change He spent practicall

11、y nothing on himself.Even after his Tribune became a success,he lived as if he hadnt enough money for his next meal.The Tribune grew and thrived.It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before in the United States.Greeley started a new type of journalism.His news stories were truthful and accurate H

12、is editorials attacked as well as praised.Many people disagreed with what he wrote,but still they read it.The Tribune became Americas first nationwide newspaper.It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as it was in the East.Greeley s thundering editorials became the most powerful voice in

13、the land.Greeley and his Tribune fought for many causes.He was the first to come out for the right of women to vote.His Tribune was the leader in demanding protection for homesteads in the West.He aroused the north in the fight against slavery.During a depression in the East,jobless men asked what t

14、hey could do to support themselves.Said Greeley:“Go West,young man,go West!”As the Tribune gained more power,Greeley became more interested in politics He led in forming and naming the Republican Party.He,more than any other man,was responsible for Abraham Lincolns being named to run for President.H

15、orace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman.He was also a powerful political leader.But he was not a popular man.In 1872 he ran for President against Ulysses S Grant.Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming margin.Greeley was then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife.He was

16、 heart-broken over losing the election.He never recovered from the double blow only weeks after his defeat,he died in New York City.His beloved Tribune lived on after him as the monument he wanted.Just before died,he wrote:“I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live an

17、d flourish long after I shall have mouldered into forgotten dust,and that the stone that covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription,Founder of the New York Tribune.”6.Horace gladly accepted his first job _.A.because of the kind of work it was B.because of the high sal

18、ary offered C.because of the location of the office D.became he couldnt find any other job 7.When Horace founded the Tribune he was _.A.already a rich and famous newspaperman B.poor,but skilled in newspaper work C.poor,but eager to learn newspaper work D.rich and skilled in newspaper work 8.The Trib

19、une was different from all other American papers because it was _.A.available by subscription only B.printed in New York city C.distributed throughout the nation D.it offered the editors personal opinions only 9.Before the Tribune was founded,news reporting was _.A.honest but uninteresting B.distort

20、ed or dishonest C.almost unknown D.interesting but distorted 10.Greeley probably felt that his greatest accomplishment was _.A.rising from poverty to wealth B.becoming a popular political leader C.founding the New York Tribune D.All of the above【答案与解析】6.A 句意：Horace 很高兴地接受第一份工作的原因是这正是他想要的工作。文章第九段最后一句

21、，当 Horace 被问及为什么想做这份工作时，他回答“I want to learn all I can about newspapers”，说明这份工作正是他想要的，故选 A。文章第十一段说明这份工作开始仅提供食宿，排除 B。第十二段中提到 Horace的家要搬到 Pennsylvania，而这份工作是在 Vermont（第九段第一句），有600 英里之远，排除 C 项。D 项在文中没有提到。7.D 句意：Horace 创办论坛报的时候已经很富有，并且熟悉报纸行业的各项技能。文章第十五段开头提到，随着 Greeley 的技艺越来越好，他开始有好的工作机会，能够购置好的衣服并搬出昏暗的房子，

22、由此可以得出 Greeley当时技能纯熟，也很富有，排除 B，C 项，D 项符合原文意思。Greeley 变得出名发生在其创办论坛报之后，A 项错误。8.C 句意：论坛报同美国其他报纸的不同之处在于它在全国范围内发行。倒数第六段第二句开始描述了论坛报与美国其他报纸的不同之处。倒数第三句“The Tribune became Americas first nationwide newspaper.”，说明论坛报是第一份全国性的报纸，即当时唯一在全国发行的报纸，故选 C。9.B 句意：论坛报成立之前，新闻报道是歪曲的或者不真实的。倒数第六段第三、四“Greeley started a new ty

23、pe of journalism.His news stories were truthful and accurate”，即 Greeley 开创了新的报道方式，他的新闻故事真实而准确。由此可以得出，这之前的报道不真实，选 B。10.C 句意：Greeley 可能认为他最大的成就是建立了论坛报。文章第六段第二、三句“This was his dream of many years.result of years of poverty,hard work,and disappointments.”说明了论坛报对 Greeley 的重要性，最后一段 Greeley 在死前写的一段话，说明自己希望

24、在死后论坛报能够更好，因此最可能是他眼中自己最大的成就。Section 2 Answering questions(20)Directions:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage.Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer s

25、heet.Questions 13 At seven oclock each morning a bell sounds in the red brick buildings on the steep bank of the Hudson River at Ossining,New York.As it rings,an entire,separate town of some 2300 persons comes to life.It is the prison town of Sing Sing,a world of men who are confined but also living

26、,working,playingand hoping Sing Sing is a town that lives on hope.The seven o clock bell is the signal for Sing Sing s 1748 inmates and 514 man staff to begin another round of duties.The prisoners rise,wash and dress.They make up their narrow beds army-style and make certain that the objects on thei

27、r dressers are regulation neat.By 7:15,when guards come along the runways to unlock the individual cells,the men are ready.They file slowly to the mess hall,falling into step along the way with friends and acquaintances.Each man grabs a tray and gets a breakfast of oatmeal with milk and sugar,bread,

28、and coffee;he takes his seat at one of the long rows of eating benches,places the tray before him,and begins his breakfast So starts the day in Sing Sing.Breakfast over,the men file from the mess hall and under the watchful eyes of guards,drop their eating utensils into boxes provided at the doors.A

29、t five minutes to eight they go outside in a long,chattering line down to the cluster of prison workshops.The prison has a dual function:it has its own permanent population,but it also serves as a receiving station for the great flow of prisoners from New York City.Here they come to be examined,scre

30、ened,and eventually transferred to upstate institutions.For the first two weeks,the new arrival is put through a series of mental,physical,and psychological examinations and given courses to prepare him for prison life.In each batch of new prisoners there are hardened men for whom prison can serve j

31、ust one functionto remove them from society and keep them from doing further harm.But in each batch there are also those who can be helped and encouraged and turned into law-abiding citizens.It is toward these that most of the effort at the prison is directed.Sing Sing is a school,hospital,and facto

32、ry as well as a prison if initial tests show that a man is illiterate,he goes to the prison school to receive the equivalent of an eighth-grade education if he needs medical treatment,he is sent to the prison hospital.If he shows some special aptitude,or appears capable of learning a trade,he is ass

33、igned to a regular job in one of the shops.The shops cover a wide range of activities.A man may be assigned to the print shop to learn the printer s trade,or to the neighboring machine shop,where a twelve-month course turns raw trainees into good auto mechanics,Many of the prisons“graduates,”incapab

34、le of earning an honest living before now support themselves on the good wages they make as skilled workers.The shops are busy until 11:40 a.m.,when the men straggle up the slope to the mess hall for dinner.In the afternoons some men go back to the shops.Others may meet and talk with relatives in th

35、e prisons visiting room.Athletes may spend hours running and drilling on the basketball court.The days work ends at 3:30,giving the men more than an hour of relative freedom before the supper whistle sounds at 4:40.With the evening meal,the day ends.The men go directly from the mess hall to their ce

36、ll blocks and are locked in for the night.Each cell is equipped with a set of radio headphones tuned into programs sent over the prison circuit.A prisoner may read one of the well-thumbed volumes from the prison library,which circulates about 36,000 volumes a year,or he may work,as many inmates do,o

37、n a correspondence course to improve his chances of making a living when he gets out Lights go out at ten o clock.This routine does not vary greatly for any of Sing Sing s inmates.“We run the prison like a city of eighteen hundred people,only of course with a lot more police,”says Warden Wilfred I.D

38、enno.“Anything you couldnt do on the outside,you cant do on the inside.You cant fight,you cant abuse an officer,you cant steal.If you do,youll be punished.We hold court twice a week and try to make the punishment fit the crime.”This code is impressed on the prisoner from the start,it underlies his e

39、very move on every day he spends in Sing Sing.He is faced with clear alternatives.If he misbehaves,he received punishment in the form of restricted privileges or even strict confinement.In one typical week there were only five infractions of prison rules,most of which were minor.One man was repriman

40、ded for not reposing to work on time,one for creating a disturbance by trying to shove his way into the mess-hall line ahead of those already waiting.In three weeks of reports there was only one case of serious,outright rebellion against prison discipline.An inmate who was to be released in a month

41、suddenly refused to follow an officers order.He was promptly placed in segregation for the rest of his prison term.There are no dark holes or bread-and-water routines at Sing Singin segregation,the cells and the food are the same as in the rest of the prison.But a mans movements are restricted.He is

42、 kept locked in his ceil,isolated from his fellows,and cannot go to the movies or to the commissary.If a prisoner behaves,he accumulates“good time,”an important source of hope for most prisoners.Good time is the time by which,through his own good conduct,a prisoner may reduce his minimum sentence.Go

43、od behavior earns a man ten days good time a month.So a prisoner facing a three-to-six-year term would be able to appear before the parole board for possible release at the end of two years.Release then is not automatic.The parole board must consider many other factors.All that good time does is to

44、guarantee a prisoner the right to appear before the parole board earlier than he otherwise could.The real importance of good time is that it gives a prisoner the one hope that stirs all Sing Singthe hope of earlier parole,the hope of freedom.A prisoner has to hope,“Once you take away a mans hope,you

45、 make a bitter man.”Warden Denno says.That is the problem of Sing Sing:to punish and yet avoid the deprivation of hope that can make an imprisoned man more desperate,mere vengeful,and a greater menace to society.1.What is Sing Sing?Describe in your own words the functions of Sing Sing.2.Why would Wa

46、rden Wilfred L Denno compare running the prison to running a city?3.What does“good time”refer to?Does it have any importance to the prisoners?【答案与解析】1.Sing Sing,located on the bank of the Hudson River at Ossining,New York,is a prison town where live 1748 inmates and 514 man staff.It was different fr

47、om normal prisons in that prisoners here,while confined,still live a normal life of work and entertainment.Sing Sing functions as a town holding a permanent population as well as a station to receive,examine,educate and transform prisoners form New York City.（文章第一段指出了 Sing Sing 的地理位置和性质，“on the stee

48、p bank of the Hudson River at Ossining,New York”，“It is the prison town of Sing Sing”，第二段第一句说明了这里的居民是谁。第四段说明了 Sing Sing 的功能，一是作为一个监狱接受并改造罪犯，二是作为一个行政镇存在，罪犯和治安人员是它的公民。）2.Because Sing Sing is different from other prisons.It is both a town and a prison.Prisoners here are considered not only as prisoners

49、,but also as citizens in this town.So the officers have to run it in a similar way as running a city.（参见文章倒数第五段。罪犯在这里服刑的同时也是这个城镇的公民。他们在这里按规定工作、娱乐和生活，所以管理者要参考管理城市的方式管理 Sing Sing。）3.Good time is the time by which,through his own good conduct,a prisoner may reduce his minimum sentence.Yes,it does.Becau

50、se good time may shorten the sentence period of a prisoner,offering prisoners hope of freedom and the opportunities to be released earlier.（“好时光”的定义见文章倒数第三段第二句。“好时光”指的是罪犯通过良好的表现获得的减刑。“好时光”的重要性参见文章倒数第一段。）Questions 45 To all the world,nothing seems more completely American than the cowboy.Yet the trut