(完整word)小学英语-语法-音标-练习题-比较全了.pdf

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1、 朝阳市龙城区大平房镇东平房小学 武振明 1、be 动词包括：am、is、are(1)am 用于第一人称 I 的后面 I am(注意：“I”无论何时都要大写，不管位于句首还是句中)例：I am Li Ming.I am a boy.I am ten.Im in Class 1.(2)is 用于第三人称 he(他);she(她);it(它)及其他单数名词的后面 例：He is a good student.She is my teacher.It is a black cat.A dog is on the desk.(3)are 用于第二人称 you;第一人称复数 we；第三人称复数 they

2、 及其他复数名词的后面。(注意：第二人称单复数同形，都为 you)例：You are my good friend.We are in the same class.They are my friends.The books are on the desk.2Be 动词的用法口诀 我（I）用 am，你（you）用 are,Is 用于他(he)她(she)它(it)，单数 is，复数 are,希望大家都记下。有 be 动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。肯定句 否定句be 动词后加not 一般疑问句be动词移到主语前 肯定和否定回答 I am=Im.I am not=Im not.Are y

3、ou?Yes,I am.No,Im not.You are=youre You are not =You arent Are you?Yes,I am.No,Im not.SheHeIt is=ShesHes Its SheHeIt is not=SheHeIt isnt Is sheheit?Yes,sheheIt is.No,sheheIt isnt.We are=Were We are not=We arent Are we?Yes,you are.No,you arent.They are=Theyre They are not=They arent Are they?Yes,they

4、 are.No,they arent.注意：上表中划线句子不能缩写，（am 和 not 也不能缩写）。无 be 动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及回答。肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定和否定回答 I like I dont like Do you like?Yes,I do.No,I dont.You like You dont like Do you like?Yes,I do.No,I dont.HeSheIt likes HeSheIt doesnt like Does hesheit like Yes,hesheit does.No,heshe it doesnt.We like We

5、 dont like Do we like Yes,you do.No,you dont.They like They dont like Do they like Yes,they do.No,they dont.注意：上表中的 like 可以用其他的动词来替换，比如 play,sing,run,sweep 人称代词和物主代词.把下面的句子变一般疑问句并写出肯定与否定回答。He is like his mom.他长的像他的妈妈。Is he like his mom?Yes,he is.No,he isnt.He likes his mom.他喜欢他的妈妈。Does he like his m

6、om?Yes,he does.No,he doesnt.I am a student.Are you a student?Yes,I am.No,I am not.I love my teacher.Do you love your teacher?Yes,I do.No,I dont.They are my friends.Are they your friends?Yes,they are.No,they arent.You are my teacher.-Are you my teacher?Yes,I am.No,Im not.名词变复数及其发音规则 构成方法 读音 例词 在词尾加-s

7、 1.在清辅音后读作 s 2.在浊辅音后读作 z 3 在元音后读【Z】1.deskdesks s mapmaps s 3.field filelds dz dogdogs z seaseas z 1.以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾的名词后加-es 2.如词尾是 e,只加-s-（e）s 读作 iz 1.class-classes iz box boxes iz dishdishes iz watchwatches iz 2.horsehorses iz 如词尾为 f 或 fe,则一般变为 ves-ves 读作 vz 1.leafleaves vz 2.knifeknives vz 以辅音+y 结尾

8、的名词，变 y 为 i 再加-es-ies 读作 iz familyfamilies iz 以元音+y 结尾的名词，加-s-s 读作 z boyboys z guy-guys z 以辅音+o 结尾的名词，加-es 有生命-es 读作 z heroheroes z potatopotatoes z tomatotomatoes z 以元音+o 结尾的名词，加-s【没生命】-s 读作 z radioradios z zoozoos z photo-photos z 以-th 结尾的名词，加-s 1.在长元音后，-ths 读作 z 2.在短元音或辅音后，-ths 读作 s 1.bathbaths z

9、 2.monthmonths s 不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,child-children foot-feet,tooth-teeth 写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_

10、 water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 人称代词 定义：人称代词用来代替人或物，在句中作主语或宾语，所以有主格和宾格。第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单 数 复 数 人称 代词 主 格 I we you you he she it they 宾格 me us you you him her it them 物主 代词 形容词性 my our your your his her its their 名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 物主代词是表示所有（拥有）关系的一种代词。物主代词有两种形式：形容词性物主代

11、词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词放在名词前。如：This is my book.这是我的书 Her pen is red.她的钢笔是红色的 Their teacher is Mr.Wu.他们的老师是武老师。I have a lovely cat.我有一只可爱的小猫。名词性物主代词起名词的作用，（用来代替前面提到的名词），后面不可以再接名词。如：1.Your pen is red.Mine is black.你的钢笔是红色的，我的是黑色的。2.He doesnt like his pen.He likes mine.他不喜欢他的钢笔。他喜欢我的钢笔。3.That book is hers,n

12、ot yours.那本书是她的，不是你的。4.My book is thick.Yours is thin.我的书是厚的，你的书是薄的。人称代词和物主代词练习题 1._(she)is my aunt.We often visit_(she)2.Beijing is a big city._(it)is in the north of China.3.What day is _(it)today?_(it)is Monday today.4.I have a blue bike.But the red one is not_.(my)5.These books are very good But

13、 _(they)are very expensive.6.Linda is a girl._(she)is in Class1._(she)sister is in Class2.7.Tom is my friend._(he)is a good boy.8.What time is_(it)?形容词的比较级&最高级 一、形容词概念 形容是用来修饰物体的形状，大小，长度，属性，特点等，位于名词的前面。如：big fat thick long 二、形容词比较级和最高级的意义 英语中的形容词，在句子里当要表示“比较”、“最”时，要用特别的形式，即：比较级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。如：long

14、longer longest 原级 比较级 最高级 1The black pen is very long.黑色的钢笔很长。2The blue pen is longer than the black one.蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。3The red pen is the longest of the three.红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。比较级:形容词比较级用于两个事物或人的比较，比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级的句子结构通常是：主语+be 动词+形容词比较级+than+被比较的名词,I am taller than you.我比你更高。Tom is younger than Jack

15、.Tom 比 Jack 大。My book is thicker than yours.我的书比你的书厚。形容词变比较级的规则：一般在词尾+er，如 tall-taller,cold-colder，young-younger 以 e 结尾的，直接+r，如 fine-finer,nice-nicer 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，先变 y 为 i 再+er，如 funny funnier，lovely-lovelier,happy-happier,funny-funnier 重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+er，big-bigger,fatfatter t

16、hin-thinner,hot-hotter，sad-sadder，（大，胖，瘦，热要双写）多音节词后+more beautiful-more beautiful，expensive-more expensive 不规则形容词比较级：good-better,bad-worse,manymuch-more 注意 1、比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。）比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为：My hair is longer than yours.或 My hair is

17、longer than your hair.最高级：形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，最高级后面一般带有 in 或 of 的短语。形容词变最高级的规则：一般直接在词尾+est，如 tall-tallest,cold-coldest 以 e 结尾的，直接+st，如 fine-finest,nice-nicest 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，先变 y 为 i 再+est，如 funny-funniest lovely-loveliest,lovely-loveliest 重读闭音节的单词（以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾），双写最后的辅音字母再+est，big-biggest fatfattes

18、t thin-thinnest,hot-hottest，sad-saddest，多音节词后+most beautiful-most beautiful，expensive-most expensive 注意：最高级的单词前必须用 the 如：I am the tallest in our class.我在我们班是最高的。This pen is the most expensive of the three.这支钢笔比其余三支都贵。二、除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的。如：many/much（原形）-more（比较级）-most（最高级）little/few（原形）-

19、less（比较级）-least（最高级）good（原形）-better（比较级）-best（最高级）bad（原形）-worse（比较级）-worst（最高级）far （原形）-further（比较级）-furthest（最高级）1.small 21.late 2.short 22.nice 3.tall 23.large 4.young 24.heavy 5.long 25.early 6.strong 26.easy 7.light 27.busy 8.low 28.slowly 9.high 29.pretty 10.slow 30.funny 11.fast 31.dirty 12.hi

20、gh 32.beautiful 13.hard 33.interesting 14.cheap 34.expensive 15.bright 35.important 16.dark 36.different 17.cool 37.excited 18.fat 38.good/well 19.big 39.bad/ill 20.thin 40.far 21.hot 3.old 41.many/much 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。1My brother is two years _(old)than me.2.Is your sister _(young)than you?Yes,she

21、is.3.Who is _(thin),you or Helen?4.Which pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers?Hers is.5Tom jumps _(high)than Jack.6Is Lucy _(thin)than Helen?Yes,she is.7My eyes are _(big)than hers.8Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?9Who is _(early),Tim or Tom?10Who is _(pretty)April or Lily?11.Today is _(hot)

22、than yesterday.12.Sun is _(fat)than Bird.三、选择。（）1.The yellow shoes are than the blue ones.A.expensive B.expensiver C.more expensive（）2.A cow is _ than a rabbit.A.big B.bigger C.biggest（）3.Whos the ,Jean,Joan or Jennet?A.thinner B.thinest C.thinnest（）4.Tim is than Jack.A.funny B.much funny C.funnier（

23、）5.Im taller than others in my class.Im .A.tall B.tallest C.the tallest（）6.Who is younger Rose?A.than B.then C./（）7.I _ _ the youngest in our class.A.am not B.was not C.do not （）8.His uncles house is very .A.old B.older C.oldest（）9.My bike is ,but his bike is .A.new,new B.new,newer C.new,newest（）10.

24、Please clean your room.Its now.A.clean B.dirty C.tidy 现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作.2现在进行时的肯定句结构为：主语+be+现在分词。例如：He is doing his homework now.3现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。例如：He is not doing his homework now.4 现 在 进 行 时 的 一 般 疑 问 句 把be动 词 提 到 句 首。Is he doing his homework?肯定回答：Yes,he is.否定回答：No,he isnt.5 现 在

25、进 行 时 的 特 殊 疑 问 句 的 结 构 为：疑 问 词 +be+主 语 +动 词ing?如：What are you doing now?你现在在干什么？What is he doing now?他正在干什么？动词变现在分词规则 1.一般情况下，直接加 ing go-going 去 play-playing 玩 sleep-sleeping 睡觉 eat-eating 吃 do-doing 做 2.以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing ecoming 来 2.dance-dancing 跳舞 3.close-closing 关 4.makemaking 制造 5.rideridin

26、g 骑 6.write-writing 写 7.take-taking 拿走 8.movemoving 移动/搬 9 havehaving 有 3.双写加-ing:重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音 判断是不是重读闭音节双写，不仅要看单词的字母组合符合辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，还要看音标是不是符合辅音+元音+辅音结尾 只有都符合才可以双写。1.sit-sitting 坐 2.stop-stopping 停 3.swim-swimming 游泳 4.run-running 跑 5.cut cutting 切 6.put putting 放 7.forget-forge

27、tting 忘记 8.get-getting 获得 9.begin-beginning 开始 10.hit-hitting 撞 注意：buy 不能双写。buy-buying 现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _(draw)a picture now.

28、2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _(cook)some nice food now.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.6.They _(not,water)the flowers now.7.Look!the girls _(dance)in the classroom.8.What is she doing?She _(listen)to music.9.Its 5 oclock now.We _(have)supper now.

29、10._Helen_(wash)clothes?Yes,she is.一般现在时 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成 1.有 be 动词的情况：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.无 be 动词的情况（即有行为动词）：主语+行为动词(+其它)。We study Engl

30、ish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：He likes Chinese.他喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化 1.be 动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它？如：-Are you a student?特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.无 be 动词（即有行为动词）的变化。否定句：主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形+其它。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 doesnt 构成

31、否定句。如：He doesnt like bread.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Do you play football every day?当主语为第三人称单数时，要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如：-Does she go to work by bike?特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?动词变单三 1.一般般情况下，直接+s，如：play-plays come-comes 2 以 s,x,sh,ch,o 结尾+es,如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watc

32、hes,brush-brushes,go-goes.do-does 3 以 辅 音 字 母+y 结 尾，变 y 为 i 加 es，如：study-studies fly-flies cry-cries 1.He always_(play)football on Mondays.2.She often_(go)to school at 7:30 am.3.It usually _(come)to my home in spring.4.Li Ming never_(watch)TV on Sundays.5.A dog_(wash)his face in water.6.Nobody_(gues

33、s)it.7.Everyone_(study)English at school.8.The baby often_(cry)at night.一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _(be)in Class 1.3.We _(not watch)TV on

34、Monday.4.Tom _(not go)to the zoo on Sundays.5._ they _(like)the cat?6.He always _(watch)TV on Sundays.7.What are _(they)name?8.The girl _(teach)me.9.She and I _(take)like PE.10.There _(be)a dog and a cat in my room.11.Jack _(like)cooking.12.They _(have)two books.13.My aunt _(look)at me.14.You always

35、 _(do)your homework well.15.I _(be)not a student.I_(be)a techer.16.She _(go)to school every day.17.Liu Tao _(do)not like PE.18.Who often _(watch)TV in the evening.19.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have)play basketball on Saturdays.20.What day _(be)it today?Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子 1.Tom watches TV every evenin

36、g.(改为否定句)_ 2.I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_ 3.She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_ 4.April likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_ 5.We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_ 6.He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_ 7.I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_ 8.Jolin comes from England.(对

37、划线部分提问)_ 9.She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_ 10.Sun and Star like swimming.(改为否定句)_ 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.Is your brother speak English?_ 2.Does he likes going fishing?_ 3.He likes play games after class._ 4.Mr.Wu teachs us English._ 5.She dont do her homework on Sundays._ 一般过去时 一般过去时

38、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last weekend,last Saturday,jusy now,a moment ago,段时间+ago 等。如：He played football yesterday.I was not happy last weekend.They were friends 2 years ago.动词 肯定式 否定式 有 be I was He(She,It)was We(You,They)were I was not(wasnt)He(She,It)was not (wasnt)We(You,They

39、)were not werent 无 be（work）I,You,He,She,It,We,They worked in a school.I,You,He,She,It,We,They did not(didnt)worked in a school.疑问句和简略答语 动词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 有be Was I？Yes,you were.No,you werent.Were you？Yes,I was.No,I wasnt.Was he(she/it)？Yes,he(she/it)was.No,he(she/it)wasnt.Were we？Yes,we(you)were.No,

40、we(you)werent.Were you？Yes,we were.No,we werent.Were they？Yes,they were.No,they werent.无be Did I work？Yes,you did.No,you didnt.Did you work？Yes,I did.No,I didnt.Did he(she,it)work？Yes,he(she,it)did.No,he(she,it)didnt.Did we work？Yes,we(you)did.No,we(you)didnt.Did you work？Yes,we did.No,we didnt.Did

41、they work？Yes,they did.No,they didnt.动词变过去式规则 一般过去时，动词要用过去式，规则动词过去式的变化规则如下：构成规则 原形 过去式 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed look play visit looked played visited 词尾是 e 的动词加-d live hope use love lived hoped used loved 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop plan trip stopped planned trippeds 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变“y”为“i”,再加-ed st

42、udy carry worry cry studied carried worried cried 动词词尾-ed 的读音：读音 例词 在浊辅音和元音后面/d/played /pleid/cleaned /kli:nd/在清辅音后面/t/helped /helpt/looked/lukt/cooked /kukt/在/t/,/d/音后面/id/visited vizitid/needed /ni:did/2部分不规则动词的过去式 comecame,go-went,leave-left,amis-was,are-were,do-did,read-read,put-put.fly-flew,buy

43、-bought,teach-taught,bring-brought,draw-drew 单项选择：从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10)()1 My fatherill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent()2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were()3 The boysin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are;were B were;are C was;are D were;was()4 Linda and I_ pla

44、yed yesterday.A were B Is C Was D are()5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes,I was D No,用适当的形式填空 1.I _yesterday afternoon.(dance)2.It_ a little hill yesterday.(be)3.My mother _yesterday evening.(leave)4.I _to the music yesterday morning.(listen)5.My father _to work last weekend.(go)6.I

45、_a book every day.(read)7.She _a kite this morning.(fly)8.He _his homework every day.(do)写出下列单词的过去式 am/is_ are _ do/does _ go_ see _ can _ eat _ have/has _ make _ tell_ hear _read _put _ 二 把下列句子变成一般疑问句和否定句。1.I was a nurse two years ago._ 2.She was a teacher in 1990_ 3.I saw a big lion in the zoo yes

46、terday._ 4.I worked in a school last year._ 5.There were many trees last year._ 6.There were many people in the park yesterday._ 改错题(20)1How is Jane yesterday?_ 2He go to school by bus last week._ 3He often goes home at 6:00 last month._ 4I can fly kites seven years ago._ 5Did you saw him just now._

47、 音标 单元音 12 个/i:/:/:/u:/:/u/e/双元音 8 个 /e/a/u/u/au/辅音 28 个/p/t/k/f/s/t/tr/ts/h/n/l/w/b/d/v/z/d/dr/dz/m/r/j/发音规则：元音字母在开音节中发本身音。在闭音节中不发本身音。开音节：以元音字母结尾的单词是开音节。闭音节：以辅音字母结尾的单词是闭音节。Aa/e/game lake plane face cake lake gate Ee/i:/me he she we these /bag at ant black album alphabet /e/red leg elephant bed yes

48、yellow get Ii /a/like bike kite nice Oo/u/no go home nose /in it is him milk sister /not hot orange robot Uu/j u:/cute excuse use s/s/bus so sit skate desks /but bus up umbrella /z/is nose these bags g /d/orange age giraffe c/k/cat cake car clock /g/girl glass good go /s/face pencil nice n/n/no name

49、 moon in y/funny windy thirsty lovely /ink English pink sing thank /a/my fly try by bye cry 字母组合的发音：ea/i:/read bean tea teacher clean oo/u:/room moon noodles cool broom zoo afternoon /e/red leg yes get /u/good foot cook look classroom or/:/short horse morning more or ow/u/know window yellow show sno

50、w blow /:/word world work worker /au/now how cow towel flower owl brown th/tooth three thirsty think mouth wh/w/white where when what /this that the these those father /h/who whose whom tch/t/watch match catch ph/f/photo elephant telephone ch/t/China which teacher chair f/f/five fine four knife for