2021届北京师范大学第三附属中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 届北京师范大学第三附属中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Obesity(肥胖症)is becoming a problem in our busy society,and almost one in three American adults is now considered to be obese.Children obesity is alsoat an all-time high.Obesity means be

2、ing very overweight.If you are obese,you have too much bodyfat.If you eat more food than your body can use,this will make you put on weight.Food that your body does not need will be stored as fat by your body.The following are the major factors that increase the risk of obesity.What you eat plays a

3、major role in weight gain.Eating a lot of fast food such as hamburgers,sweet drinks,ice creams and other sweet food can increase the risk of becoming obese.If you do not do enough exercise,you will put on weight as the food you eat is not being used to make energy for physical activities.The chances

4、 of you being obese are greater if your parents are obese.There are many psychological factors that cause people to eat too much.People who are worried,unhappy or bored will often eat to make themselves feel better.This is known as comfort eating.Age is another factor,as you tend(趋于)to be less activ

5、e when you get older.When you get older,you need to eat less,and if you do not eat less,you will put on weight.Obesity can cause many health problems such as heart problems,high blood pressure and many other serious medical conditions.1.The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means that _.A.obesity d

6、oes not do harm to health.B.there are more obese children than before.C.all the American children are obese.D.there are less obese children in the USA.2.According to the passage,there are _ major factors that increase the risk of obesity.A.three B.four C.five D.six 3.What will the writer most probab

7、ly talk about after the last paragraph?A.How to avoid obesity.B.How to live in the busy USA.C.What illnesses are caused by obesity.D.How doctors treat heart problems.B Scientists have recently discovered thatAndean condors(秀鹫)some of the worlds largest birdsbarely flap their wings at all while flyin

8、g.Instead,they use rising air currents to remain in the air for hours.The Andean condor is the worlds largest soaring bird.They can weigh up to 15 kilograms.Their wings,when spread out,measure up to three meters.Their main food source is the meat of large animals which have died.Soaring high in the

9、sky allows condors to easily spot possible meals on the ground.Scientists worked together to study the flight patterns of these huge birds and how much effort the birds use when flying.To study the birds while they were in the sky,the researchers attached special devices which could record every bea

10、t of their wings.The scientists learned that most of the condors flapping over 75%came when the birds were taking off.Once in the sky,the birds flew for very long periods of time without flapping at all.In fact,they only flapped their wings for 1%of the time they were in the air.One bird flew for ov

11、er five hours without flapping,covering nearly 117miles.Soaring without flapping is important because birds bum energy every time they flap their wings.The birds soaring isnt magic.They use the fact that hot air rises to keep themselves up.As hot air rises,it often creates“thermals”currents of warm

12、air moving upward.The condors soar by making use of these thermals.The tricky part is finding thermals and moving between them.When birds are forced to land and take off again often,it costs them a lot of energy.The researchers learned that to avoid having to land,the condors did most of their non-t

13、ake-off flapping when they were closer to the ground and looking for a new thermal.The scientists reported that even though all of the condors they studied were young,they knew well how to take advantage of the air currents.4.What can we learn about the Andean condor from the text?A.They live mairly

14、 on small animals.B.Their wingspan is at least three meters.C.They rely on hot air to remain high in the sky.D.They are the birds with the strongest flying ability.5.Why was the equipment tied to the birds?A.To measure how far they could fly without flapping.B.To keep track of how often they flapped

15、 while flying.C.To calculate the energy required for their flight.D.To confirm their flight patterns.6.Which of the following acts consumes the most energy for a condor?A.Hunting for food.B.Flying in the sky.C.Getting off the ground.D.Landing on the ground.7.What can we infer from the text?A.Condors

16、 flap the most when looking for a new thermal.B.No condor can fly for more than five hours without flapping.C.Condors dont need to look for thermals when soaring in the sky.D.Soaring by using thermals is probably a natural ability of condors.C Trees are“social creature”that communicate with each oth

17、er in cooperative ways that hold lessons for humans,too,ecologist Suzanne Simard says.Simard grew up in Canadian forests as a child of loggers before becoming an ecologist.Shes now a professor of forest ecology at theUniversityofBritish Columbia.Trees are linked to neighboring trees by a network of

18、fungi below the surface of the earth that resembles the nervous networks in the brain,she explains.In one study,Simard watched as a Douglas fir tree that had been injured by insects appeared to send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby.The pine tree then produced defense enzymes to protect agai

19、nst the insect.“This was a breakthrough,”Simard says.The trees were sharing“information that actually is important to the health of the whole forest.”In addition to warning each other of danger,Simard says that trees have been known to share nutrients at critical times to keep each other healthy.She

20、 says the trees in a forest are often linked to each other via an older tree she calls a“mother”or“hub”tree.“In connecting with all the trees of different ages,the mother trees can actually ease the growth of these young trees,”she says.“The young trees will link into the network of the old trees an

21、d benefit from that huge resource capacity.And the old trees would also pass a little bit of carbon and nutrients and water to the young trees,at crucial times in their lives,that actually help them survive.”The study of trees took on a new resonance for Simard when she suffered from breast cancer.D

22、uring her treatment,she learned that one of the medicines she relied on was actually obtained from what some trees produce for their own mutual defense.She explains her research on cooperation in the forest,and shares her personal story in the new bookFinding the Mother Tree:Discovering the Wisdom o

23、f theForest.8.How could a Douglas fir tree send chemical warning signals to a pine nearby?A.By an underground network of fungi.B.By the nervous networks in the brain.C.By making cooperation with each other.D.By holding lessons to it as human beings.9.According to Simard,what was a breakthrough?A.Sim

24、ard was-brought up in Canadian forests.B.She became a professor of forest ecology.C.The pine tree produced defense enzymes.D.Vital information was shared among trees.10.What helped Simard understand trees further?A.Her rich knowledge of trees.B.Her childhood in the forest.C.Her medicine gained from

25、trees.D.Her research on cooperation.11.In Simards book we may discover the wisdom of the forest except .A.communicating cooperatively B.warning each other of danger C.sharing nutrientsat critical times D.sacrificing mother trees for survival D I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on“two-

26、hour business plans.”I separated them into six groups and gave them an example:a restaurant chain.The more original their ideas,the better,I said.Finally,five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains.The sixth proposed a catering service.Though I admitted the time limit had been diffi

27、cult,I expressed my disappointment.My students were middle managers,financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies.They were without talent or opinions,but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventi

28、veness.The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years teaching at the school.Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review.Case study debates were written up and just memorized.Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy,bette

29、r than inventing and creating.InChina,every product you can imagine has been made and sold.But so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.With this problem in mind,partnerships with instit

30、utions like Yale and MIT have been established.And then theres the“thousand talent scheme.”this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign-trained scientists to the mainland with big money.But there are worries aboutChinas research environment

31、.Its hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness,and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.At last,forChina,becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnership with top western universities.Nor is it about gathering a group of well-

32、educated people and telling them to think creatively.Its about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds.Its not that simple.12.Why does the writer feel disappointed at his students?A.Because there is one group presenting a catering service.B.Because the six groups did not cooperate w

33、ell in the brainstorm.C.Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.D.Because the students ideas were lacking in creativeness.13.Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?A.Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.B.Students often said that copying

34、is a preferable business strategy.C.Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.D.Case study debates were written up as well as recited.14.We can infer form the passage that _.A.China can make and sell any product all over the world from its own creation.B.high pay may not so

35、lve the problem ofChinas research environment.C.cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand.D.the new government program is aimed at encouraging imagination.15.Which is the best title for the passage?A Look for a new way of learning B.Reward creative thinking C.How to becom

36、e a creator D.Establish a technical environment 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 A good nights sleep is one of the best things for your health.The following steps might help you enjoy a good sleep.Create a nightly routine(惯例)._16_It could be as simple as washing y

37、our face or brushing your teeth.As you begin to move into your“nightly routine”,your mind will know that its time to sleep.Learn your body clock.Someexperts believe sleepiness comes in cycles(周期性地).If you know the cycles in your body clock,you can use them to your advantage._17_If not,it might be a

38、long time before youre ready for sleep again._18_ Put your clock under your bed or on the bottom shelf of your bedside cabinet(床头柜),where its light wont disturb（干扰）you.That way,if you wake up in the middle of the night,or have problems in sleeping,you wont worry about how late it is and how much sle

39、ep youre missing.Paint your bedrooma relaxing color1 First,take any unnecessary things away from your bedroom-they stand in the way of a good nights sleep._19_Its a reminder of sleep.Choose the right pillow One study found that neck pillows can actually improve the quality of your sleep as well as r

40、educe neck pain._20_It should provide neck support and be washable.A.Hide your clock.B.Change your habit C.You probably cant fall asleep very easily D.When sleepiness comes,get to bed in time.E.Then paint your room arelaxing color1,like green.F.The best neck pillow should be soft and not too high.G.

41、This is something you do every night before going to bed.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Something extraordinary happened at LA airport today.I was at the gate,_21_to get on my plane toPortland.Suddenly,a_22_boy who looked to be eighteen

42、months was having a total breakdown(崩溃),_23_between the seats,kicking(踢)and screaming(尖叫),then lying on the ground,refusing to board the_24_.His young mom,who was clearly pregnant(怀 孕的)and traveling_25_with her son,became completely_26_.She couldnt_27_her son because he was lying down on the ground,

43、kicking and_28_.The mother finally sat down on the floor and put her_29_in her hands,with her son next to her.Then,this gorgeous(极 好 的)thing happened.Six or seven_30_in the airport approached and_31_the poor mother and thelittle boy.We knelt down and formed a circle.I sangThe Itsy Bitsy Spiderto the

44、 little boy.One woman had a little_32_in her bag that she let the boy play with,another woman gave the mom a newly-bought_33_of water.Someone else_34_the mom to get the kids cup out of her bag and give it to him.It was so_35_,because there was no_36_and no one knew anyone else,but we were able to ca

45、lm them both down,and she got her child on the plane.After they_37_the door we all went back to our_38_seats and didnt talk about it We were strangers,gathering to_39_problems.It occurred to me that a circle of women,with a mission(使命),can_40_the world.21.A.waiting B.begging C.leaving D.standing 22.

46、A.clever B.little C.dirty D.hungry 23.A.dashing B.yelling C.running D.listening 24.A.boat B.taxi C.train D.plane 25.A.angrily B.freshly C.alone D.lonely 26.A.lost B.careful C.grateful D.old 27.A.set up B.take in C.put down D.pick up 28.A.speaking B.screaming C.jumping D.laughing 29.A.shoulder B.head

47、 C.eyes D.ears 30.A.women B.people C.professors D.members 31.A.talked B.neglected C.questioned D.surrounded 32.A.dog B.toy C.gun D.coat 33.A.cup B.bowl C.bag D.bottle 34.A.refused B.forced C.helped D.allowed 35.A.boring B.dangerous C.gorgeous D.interesting 36.A.discussion B.need C.time D.room 37.A.l

48、ooked into B.turned into C.went through D.heard of 38.A.priceless B.wood C.common D.separate 39.A.solve B.produce C.analyze D.forget 40.A.destroy B.save C.cheat D.win 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 The Chongyang Festival is a_41._(tradition)Chinese festival.It is cel

49、ebrated on the_42._(nine)of September in the lunar calendar(阴历).The festival started as early as the Warring States Period(475-221BC).It has a history_43._more than 1,700 years.Among the numbers from zero to nine,nine is the_44._(high)odd number(奇数).People believe that two nines meeting together mea

50、n a long life.So it is a special holiday for Chinese people_45._(show)love and respect for their elders.They hold many kinds of_46._(activity)in honor of old people,wishing them good health and a long life.The festival comes during the golden time of fall.On the day,people usually drink chrysanthemu