2021届云南民族中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析.pdf

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1、2021 届云南民族中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A What to See InHarbin Parks inHarbin:Snow Sculpture Expo on theSunIslandPark:massive and beautifully carved sculptures of snow.Ice Lantern Festival:where large ice buildings and statues co

2、nstructed with lights inside that make them glow.SiberianTigerPark:The park has several large caged areas where the tigers roam freely and live as they-would in their natural environment.We enter these caged areas in a specially designed van with large windows to get a look at these beautiful beasts

3、.Live pheasants(雉)are let loose(if you pay)in order to show you the tigers natural hunting skills.Russian Architecture:Blessed with grace and character,the city is famous for its unique,Russian-influenced architecture.Remnants(残存)from the days when Harbin wasan important stop on the Russian Manchuri

4、an Railroad,the dome-shaped structures remind people of pre-revolutionary Russia.The strong Russian flavor continues to impact the city today due to new trade and tourism betweenHarbinandRussia.TheCentral Avenue:Passers-by only street,a perfect remaining part of the busy international business activ

5、ities at the turn of the 20th century.The 1.4-km long street is a worthy museum of European architectural styles,including Baroque and Byzantine facades,Jewish architectural wonders,little Russian bakeries,French fashion houses,American snack food outlets,and Japanese restaurants.Guogeli Avenue:Harb

6、ins second biggest shopping district dotted with Russian buildings.A tram track is still preserved in the centre of the road.The street is named after Nikolay(Vasilyevich)Gogol(1809-1852);great Russian novelist,dramatist,satirist,founder of the so-called critical realism in Russian literature,best-k

7、nown for his novel MERTVYE DUSHI I-II(1842,Dead Souls).Saint Sophia Church(built in 1903):The Orthodox church is a wonderful example of Russian Architecture.We only tour the outside of the church.The inside has been turned into some painters market and is a big disappointment to all who visit it.You

8、 are welcome to venture into the church.Entrance fees are RMB20 per person.1.From where does the author look at the tigers?A.Through the windows of his house.B.In the closed areas of tigers.C.In the areas for walking.D.In their natural environment.2.Where can visitors see the most diverse styles of

9、architecture?A.At Ice Lantern Festival.B.On the Russian Manchurian Railroad.C.On TheCentral Avenue.D.OnGuogeli Avenue.3.When walking in the city ofHarbin,what can visitors still strongly feel?A.The Russian flavor.B.The influence of Guogelis realism.C.The damage to Saint Sophia Church.D.The mixture o

10、f American and Japanese cultures.B It might have been Jimmy Kimmel,or any other sharp-tongued talk show hosts of late-night TV.In this instance,it was Samantha Bee,stating her opposition to childhood vaccinations humorously.“Who are you going to believe?”she asked.“Leading authorities on medical sci

11、ence,or 800 comments on your cousins Facebook page?”Joking about science can have serious effects,according to studies by communication scholars.Accordingly,since 2013,Paul,a psychological professor,has conducted studies of how satire(讥讽)can influence peoples beliefs about science,which have shown t

12、hat if you want to interest people in science and shape their views on hot-button science issues,satirical humor can work better.Many Americans pay little attention to science.Even people who regularly watch TV news receive only scraps of science information in their media diet,because mainstream me

13、dia outlets devote so little airtime to the subject.On top of that,some Americans may regard science as inaccessible.Yet satirical humor can reach viewers who would never watch NOVA or read well,National Geographic.Millions of people watch late-night television programs live,and videos of these show

14、s get millions of views on streaming services.In 2016,a vote conducted by the University of Delaware Center indicated that nearly one in 10 said they learned about science from late-night television shows.Late-night hosts may occasionally poke fun at scientists.More often,however,the hosts promote a

15、 positive image of science.By making science entertaining to audience with little knowledge of the topic,late-night television could spark science engagement.Furthermore,the researchers concluded that satirical shows had the biggest impact among the least educated viewers,thus helping to narrow a ga

16、p in attention to science.Though late-night satirical humor can boost science interest and awareness,it has its limits.Science is complex,and conveying that complexity in a few minutes while telling jokes can be a challenge.4.What does Pauls studies of joking about science indicate?A.It may do serio

17、us damage to science.B.It can effectively popularize science.C.It totally changes peoples attitude to science.D.It will shift peoples attention from entertainment to science.5.Why do TV watchers receive a little science information?A.Because they enjoy watching entertainments.B.Because science is no

18、t easy to come up with.C.Because they find no interest in science issues.D.Because science is scarcely seen on mainstream media.6.What do we know about the late-night shows involving science?A.The hosts get used to playing tricks on scientists.B.The hosts aim is to build a positive image of science.

19、C.Education gap can be bridged through late-night shows.D.Science participation can be promoted among their viewers.7.Whats the authors attitude towards combining science with satire?A.Critical.B.Objective.C.Positive.D.Negative.C Where doyou usually put your toothbrush?Do you keep it in the bathroom

20、?Hows your toothbrush looking these days?Even if you cant see it with a naked eye,experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!Dr.Charles Oerba,a germ expert,is amicrobiology professor at the University of Arizona.He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria per square inc

21、h in most toilet bowls,and every time you flush it without closing the lid,those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path.And a common victim is your poor toothbrush,usually,left out on the bathroom sink,right?So,what do we do?Dr.

22、Gerba says its easy.Close the toilet lid before you flushthatll greatly cut downthe germs,which will otherwise float in the air.And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it.You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消毒)it.And alway

23、s store your toothbrush in a closed cabinet.Heres one more tip from Dr.Gerba,who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet.“If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts,he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your s

24、ink.”He says thats because the kitchen sink is a great place where E.coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since its wet and damp.Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain orthats left on dishes in the sink.To reset your sinks bacteria count back to zero,youd better regularly wash it with hot wa

25、ter and sanitize yoursink with special chemicals.In fact,you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.8.What is the purpose of the text?A.To show how to brush your teeth.B.To tell people the importance of health.C.To warn people of the invisible germs.D.To introduce a microbiology prof

26、essor.9.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A.Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places.B.Bacteria are bad for peoples health.C.Why bacteria spread through the air.D.How bacteria spread in the bathroom.10.What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.The food.B.The toothbrush.C.The sink.D

27、.The chemical.11.Why does Dr.Gerba mention the example of an alien?A.To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria.B.To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet.C.To teach us how to reset sinks bacteria count back to zero.D.To prove coli prefers to live in the kitchen and the

28、drain.D Have you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？Maybe you did a dangerous trick on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet and thought you couldnt get hurt.The psychology(心理)of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effec

29、t,named after Sam Peltzman,professor of economics at the University of Chicago.Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously.Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts(安全带).Driving a large four-

30、wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers behavior.Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better,they feel they can make better judgments when they drive.They are better protected in accidents,so they act more dangerously.This makes driving morehazardousto other driver

31、s.The Peltzman Effect isnt just limited to driving.In 1972,the American Food and Drug Administration(FDA)passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles.The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally taking the medicine,especially painkillers such as aspirin.Re

32、quiring safety caps sounded like a great idea,but there was an unexpected side effect.Because the safety caps are so hardto take off,some people leave them off altogether Worse,some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap.A study on th

33、e Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3,500 children have been harmedby aspirin because of the safety caps.The Peltzman Effect describes how were likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest.Whats more,the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what we exp

34、ect.12.What is the Peltzman Effect？A.People behave less safely when they feel safe B.People feel safest when they are under protection C.Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe D.People who act dangerously are likely to be together 13.What does the underlined word“hazardous”in Paragraph

35、2 mean？A.Interesting B.Expensive C.Dangerous D.Important 14.Medicine bottles with safety caps _ A.are required throughout the world B.meet the demands of the Peltzman Effect C.sell well in the world D.are not completely safe 15.What would be the best title for the text？A.Unsafe Safety Measures B.Typ

36、es of Decision Making C.Peoples Fear of Taking Risks D.Different Behaviors of People in Danger 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Two summers ago,I decided to begin a weight loss journey but had no idea where to start.And now,I have yet again decided to start being

37、healthy and I need some knowledge about what to do.Now,I want to share itwith all of you.The most important thing is that you have to see this as a lifestyle change,not just a diet that can end or fail._16_You will also feel less pressure if you eat a burger once in a while since you think you haven

38、t failed a diet and that you can always go twice as hard the next day.Moreover,weight loss is essentially just math.It is calories in vs calories out if you put it in simple terms.If you want to lose weight,your gain of calories at the end of the day must be negative._17_It is better to eat healthy

39、food with more calories than a low-cal pack of chips.Calorie counting can also become a bit unhealthy if not well controlled._18_ Exercise is also vital to a healthier life.Although cardio(有氧运动)is known for itsquick result,weights are also essential._19_Therefore,people with more muscle mass are abl

40、e to burn what they eat quicker,resulting in a greater calorie reduction.It is also just beneficial in life to be physically strong!_20_And what I eat may actually be bad for your weight loss.So my tip here is to eat what makes you personally feel good.It may take time to find out what your body can

41、 handle and needs,but do not quit.Good luck and happy eating.A.Everyone has a different body.B.However,calories are not everything.C.Diets can help you lose some weight temporarily.D.If you dont,it is likely that the weight will come back.E.The more muscle you have,the more calories you burn.F.There

42、fore,it is very important to calculate and control calories accurately.G.So I recommend just eating well and controlling the amounts of food instead.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 In the 1960s,Douglas McGregor,one of the key thinkers in

43、the art of management,developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y.Theory X is the idea that people instinctively dislike work and will do anythingto_21_it.Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives.Theory Y is the view that everyon

44、e has the_22_to find satisfaction in work.Both of them are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation,and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity(僵化）of the model.In any case,despite so much evidence to the_23_,many managers still agree to Theory X.They belie

45、ve,_24_,that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively,or that decisions must be imposed fromabove without_25_.This,of course,makes for autocratic(专制的)managers.Different cultures have different ways of managing people.Unlike_26_management,some cultures,particularly in

46、 Asia,are well known for the consultative_27_of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to_28_to this process.This is management by the collective opinion.Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things,which are based on general_29_.Some exp

47、erts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional_30_managers cannot.A recent trend has been to_31_employees to use their own initiative,to makedecisions on their own without asking managers first.This empower

48、ment(授权)has been part of the trend towards downsizing:_32_the number of management layers in companies.After de-layering in this way,a company may be_33_with just a top levelof senior managers,front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.Empowerment takes the idea of delegat

49、ion(委托)much further than has_34_been the case.Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to_35_that the overall business plan is being followed,and that operations become more profitable under the new organization,_36_less.Another trend is off-site or_37_management,where teams o

50、f people_38_by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers_39_the performance of the team members_40_what they produce for projects,rather than the amount of time they spend on them.21.A.neglect B.avoid C.overwhelm D.emphasize 22.A.potential B.privilege C.principl