王长喜十二句作文法.pdf

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1、王长喜十二句作文法第一节：六级作文试题分析一六级作文试题分类六级作文从试题角度可以分为现象解释型、对比选择型、问题解决型、观点论证型与应用文五种类型。（一）现象解释型此类作文在六级考试作文中最为常见。命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论，其基本结构是：首先说明现状；其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因；最后做出分析，提出建议或总结观点。例如：1 现象解释六级真题（2003年 6 月）（二）对比选择型此类作文同样是六级考试中常见的类型，它的标志十分明显。作文题目要求较明确，富有针对性，即直接要求考试比较两种观点或做法，进而表明自己对问题或事务的态度或观点，也就是做出选择。例如：（2000

2、年 6 月，1999年 6 月）（三）问题解决型此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手，解释提示性文字、图表、图画反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法等。如 2000年 1 月真题。（四）观点论证型此类作文往往要求考生根据题目给出论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其下论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，确立或否认某一主张。如：1999年 1 月六级真题。（五）应用文应用文中的信函，也是六级作文设计的试题之一。在这类题型中，考生会读到一个特定的场

3、景，试题要求考生按照这个场景给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因、动机、目的和愿望等。文章所设及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近。书信的类型可能变化万千，如邀请信、申请信、感谢信、道歉信等，但是万变不离其宗，只要掌握了英语书信的格式，并应用恰当的句式和语句，就一定能够写出好的文章来。二解决方案1 建议考生分解作文观点，扩充内容。2 建议考生在写作时只选择自己能够驾奴的句式和词语。3 建议考生在文章中长短句搭配使用，用短句表达观点，长句推理分析。4 建议考生选用作文模板，限定文章逻辑结构。5 建议考生采用固定的句式，限定文章的字数。第二节：写作技巧及作文结构安排一写作

4、技巧。1 根据文章大意判断作文题型。2 各种题型的写作方法。现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进（限制）这种现象的进一步发展。对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由；阐述第二种（相对或相反的）观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由；表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论（证明观点的正确性）。应用文基本方法为：分析所给情景选择写作方法。3 三段式作文的结构安排题型第一段第二段第三段现象解释型描述现象说明现象产生的原因表明

5、个人态度或阐述个人做法对比选择型表明一方或双方由的观点及理表明另一方的观点及理由，指出双方观点不足之处及理由表明个人态度或阐述个人做法问题解决型提出问题分析问题，给出解决方案表明个人态度或阐述个人做法观点论证型提出论点例证论点得出结论或表明个人看法或做法应用文描述事实阐述原因表明观点或提出建议第三节：十二句作文法写作模板一现象解释型写作模板1 现象解释型模板一Tojpicsentencehasbecomea commonpartofpeoples life.Andhasalwaysarousedthegreatestconcern.whatimpressesusmostis.Thereason

6、sarevaried.信息提示1 空格内用概括性的词语填出最近出现的总体现象。2.空格内填题目要去讨论的具体现象3.现象的具体表现4.过度句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫。5.Amongthevariousreasons,playsanimportantrole.6.Thatistosay,7.Whatismore,8.Forexample,5 原因之一。6.具体说明原因一。7 原因二。8举例说明原因二9 Whentalkingabout，10On theonehand11On theotherhand,12Inbrief,9.空格一填作者要讨论的现象，空格二填作者的看法

7、。10.支持看法的理由一或说明看法的第一个方面。11.理由二或第二个方面。12.总结。2003年 9 月真题Readingregularlyhaslongbecomeacommonpartofpeoplepeople s life.Andreadingpreferencehasalwaysarousedthegreatestconcern.Whatimpressesusmostisaccordingtothetable,thepercentageofbookcirculationinanAmericanuniversitylibrary,whichshowsthatthecirculation

8、of popularfictions,generalnonfictions,science/technology/educationbooksand art/literature/poetrybooksaccountsfor65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and5.1%respectively.Thereasonsforthephenomenonarevaried.Amongthevariousreasons,theappealingcontentof thepopularfictionsplaysanimportantpart.Thatistosay,thankstoitsappealin

9、gplot,popularfictionsattractmorepeoplethanothertypesof booksdo.Whatismore,scienceandartbookswhichrequirereadersknowledgeon relevantfieldsarehighlydemanding.Forexample,itshardforstudentsmajoringinchemistrytounderstandBrowningspoems,andviceversa.Whentalkingaboutmy readingpreference,I thinkI prefertosc

10、iencebooks.On theonehand,in ordertodeepenwhatImspecializingin,I needreadmorebooksrelevanttomy major.On theotherhand,thesebookscanalsobroadenourhorizons.Inbrief,collegestudentsshouldchoosebooksaccordingtotheirinterestsandneeds.2 现象解释型模板二1.Wehavewitnessed2.Accordingto，3.And4.Manyreasonscontributeto1 空

11、格内填最近出现的总体现象。2.空格一根据题目填 thechart,thereport等，空格二内填现象的具体表现一。3.现象的具体表现二 4.过度句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫。5.To beginwith,.6.Moreover,7.Inaddition,8.Asa result,5 原因之一。6.原因二。7 原因三。8原因导致的结果。9.Astome,，10.Firstofall,11.Besides,12.Toconclude,9.空格内填作者对现象的看法。10.支持看法的理由一。11.理由二。12.总结。We havewitnessedthatcollegest

12、udentsvaryinreadingpreference.Accordingtothetableofthepercentageofbookcirculationinan Americanuniversitylibrary,thecirculationofpopularfictionsandgeneralnonfictionsaccountsfor65.9%and18.2%respectively.Andthetableshowsthatthecirculationof science/technology/educationbooksandart/literature/poetrybooks

13、is10.8%and5.1%respectively.Manyreasonscontributetothisphenomenon.To beginwith,popularfictionsusuallypossessmoreappealingplotthanthertypesofbooksdo,so manyreadersareattractedby popularfictions.Moreover,popularfictionsandgeneralnonfictionsareeasiertobe understood.In addition,scienceandartbooksdemandce

14、rtainknowledgeinspecialfieldofstudy.As a result,morestudentstendtochoosepopularfictionsandgeneralnonfictions.As tome,Imin favorofbooksofscienceandtechnology.Firstofall,inordertodeepenwhatImleaning,I needreadmorebooksrelevanttomy majorandobservethenewdevelopmentinscienceandtechnologycircles.Besides,t

15、herebookscanalsobroadenmy vision.To conclude,collegestudentsshouldchoosebooksaccordingtotheirinterestsandneeds.3 现象解释型模板三1.hasbeenbroughtintofocus.2.Nowdays,.3.Inaddition,.4.Manyreasonscontributeto1 空格内填最近出现的总体现象。2.空格内填现象的具体表现一。3.现象的具体表现二 4.过度句到分析原因。5.Generallyspeaking,.6.Firstofall,7.Moreover,8.The

16、refore,5 承上启下开始列举原因6.原因之一。7原因二。8对原因一二进行总结。9.AsfarasI am concerned,，10.Aswe known,11.Furthermore,12.Ina word,9.空格内填作者对现象的看法。10.支持看法的理由一。11.理由二。12.总结。此类型真题有2002年 6 月、1996年 6 月。二对比选择型作文模板1 模板一1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson2.Somepeopleperfer,.3.Otherstendto,.4.Astome,I agreewith/to1 开门见山直入主体，表明对某

17、事人们的不同看法。2 表明一部分人的看法。3 另一部分的看法。4 作者的看法。5.Of course,.6.Forexample,7.But,8.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformy preference5 承认自己不赞同的看法有一定的合理性。6.举例说明支持第五句。7转折指出这种观点的不足。8启下句过度到下段具体阐述自己所支持的观点的理由。9.Themainreasonis.10.Agoodexampletoillustrateis11.Furanother,12.Fromtheforegoing,9.支持观点的理由一。10.举例说明理由一。11.理由二。12

18、.总结全文，从长远看来。2002年 6 月真题：Isa testofspokennecessarynecessary?AtestofspokenEnglishwillbe includedasan optionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET).Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson it.Someprefertohavesucha test.OtherstendtodeclineanykindoftestofspokenEnglish.As tome,I agreewiththefirststatement.Of c

19、ourse,a testofspokenEnglishisverydifficulttohandleandthetesttimeisnotlongenoughtofullydisplayparticipantsabilitytospeakinEnglish.Forexample,ifa candidatedrawsatopicwhichhe of sheisnotfamiliarwith,itshardtoshowhisor hercommandof spokenEnglish.Butwithoutsucha test,somepeoplemaynothavemotivationtopract

20、isespokenEnglish.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformy preference.Themainreasonisthatsucha testenhancescollegestudentsawarenessoftheimportanceofspokenEnglish.Agoodexampletoillustrateisthatseveralyearsago,collegestudentsonlystressedreadingandwritingskills,ignoringto buildingup listeningandspeakingabilit

21、y.Foranother,a certificateofsucha testwillmakejob-huntingeasier.Fromtheforegoing,I thinkatestofspokenEnglishisof necessity.2 模板二（1999年 6 月真题）1.Thereisno completeagreementamongpeopleasto2.Somepeopleconsider,.3.However,othersthink,.4.Somepeoplemaysay5.Theyholdthisopinionbecause.6.However,othersbelieve

22、,7.Theyarguethat,8.Personally,Iam infavorofthe9.Firstly,.10.Secondly,11.Mostimportantofall12.Takingabove-mentionedfactorsintoconsideration,we/Imayreasonablyconcludethat1 开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。2 表明一部分人的看法。3 另一部分的看法。4 观点一的理由。5 深入阐述观点一的理由。6.观点二的理由。7深入阐述观点二的理由。8我的看法。9.个人看法依据一。10.个人看法依据二。11.个人看法依据三。12.总结

23、全文。3 模板三1.Whenaskedabout,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions.2.Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthat.3.Intheiropinion,.4.Besides5.However,othershold.6.Theymaitain7.And8.Weighingupthesearguments,I amfor9.Foronething.10.Foranther,11.Forinstance,12.Therefore,asstatedabove1 开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。2 提出观点一。

24、3 观点一的理由一。4 观点一的理由二5 提出观点二。6.观点二的理由一。7 观点二的理由二。8我的观点。9.个人观点理由一。10.个人观点理由二。11.举例说明。12.综上所述再次强调自己的观点。Isa testofspokennecessarynecessary?Atestof spokenEnglishwillbe includedas an optionalcomponentof theCollegeEnglishTest(CET).Whentalkingaboutit,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions.Somepeopletakeit

25、forgrantedthatcollegestudentsshouldtakea testofspokenEnglish.In theiropinion,itisgoodchanceforthemtotesttheirspokenEnglish.Besides,italsomakethemknowtheimportanceofthespokenEnglish.However,othersholdthata testofspokenEnglishisunnecessaryintheuniversityandcolleges.Theymaintainthatcollegestudentspract

26、iceof spokenEnglishisnotfortestingbutfordailyuse.Andtheythinkitishardtomanagesucha subjectivetest.Weighingup thesetwoarguments,I am forthefirstpointof view.Foronething,spokenEnglishis veryimportant.Foranother,atestof spokenEnglishcanguideandsupervisestudentstomakeconversationpractice.Forinstance,whe

27、nchoosingbooksandothermaterials,studentscanpickthemaccordingtothebandsofthetesttheywanttotake.Therefore,asstatedabove,thefirstpointofviewcanholdwater.三问题解决型作文模板1 模板一1.Withthedevelopment/improvementof,.2.Itisnecessarythat.3.On theonehand,.4.On theotherhand,5.Therefore,howto isworthpayingattention.6.F

28、irstly7.Secondly8.Forexample,9.Thirdly,.10.Inotherwords,11.Infact,waysto arecountless.12.Itstimethat1 空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。2 关注解决现象引出的问题很必要。3 解决问题很必要的理由一。4 解决问题很必要的理由二。5 承上启下，填要解决的问题。6.解决办法一。7解决办法二。8.举例解释解决办法二。9.解决办法三。10.阐明解决办法三。11.指出解决问题的办法多种多样。12.强调解决问题时不可待。2004年 1 月真题：ReduceWasteon CampusWiththeimpr

29、ovementof livingstandard,wasteon campusisincreasinglyserious.Itisnecessarythatsomethingshouldbe doneto reducewasteon campus.On theonehand,ourwastehasalreadycauseda greatlossofpreciousresources,suchaswaterandelectricity.On theotherhand,ourwasteaddsourparentsaswellasoursocietya burden.Therefore,howtoe

30、liminatewasteon campusisworthpayingattention.Firstly,we shouldturnoffthelightwhenwe leaveourdormsor classroomsso as tosaveelectricityas muchaspossible.Secondly,we shouldstopwastingwaterwhenwe bath,orwashclothesanddishes.Forexample,we shoulduseabasinwhenwe cleanfaces.Thirdly,we shouldbe economical.In

31、otherwords,whengo shopping,we shouldbuyonlywhatwe reallyneed.In fact,thewaystoreducewasteon campusarecountless.ItIt s timethatwe cultivatethehabitofthriftineverypossibleway.2 模板二1.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyabouot.2.Itisobviousthat.3.Additionally,.4.So itishightime,5.Firstofall,6.Thereasonis7.Se

32、condly8.Thatistosay,9.Thirdly,.10.Infact,morethanthreewayscanbeadopted,11.Asforme,12.Allinall,1 提出现存的问题。2 解决问题很必要的理由一3 解决问题很必要的理由二。4 承上启下，说明解决问题的必要性。5 解决办法一6 解决办法一的理由.。7 解决办法二。8.阐明解决办法二。9.解决办法三。10.指出解决问题的办法多种多样。11.小结解决问题的根本途径。12.总结全文。ReduceWasteon CampusTherehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyaboutwasteon ca

33、mpus.Itisobviousthata greatlossofpreciousresources,suchaswaterandelectricityhavebeencausedby waste.Additionally,ourwasteaddsourparentsandsocietya burden.So itishightimethatwe tookactionstoreducethewasteon campus.Firstofall,we shouldstopwastingwaterwhenwe bath,orcleanfaces,orwashclothesanddishes.Ther

34、easonisthatthereisa greatshortageofwaterintheword.Secondly,we shouldbeeconomical.Thatistosay,whengo shopping,we shouldbuyonlywhatwe reallyneed.Thirdly,we shouldturnoffthelightwhenwe leavedormsorclassroomssoastosaveelectricityasmuchaspossible.Infact,morethanthreewayscanbe adopted.As forme,thecultivat

35、ionofgoodhabitofthriftismostimportantforallofus.Allinall,everycollegestudentshouldjoinintheeffortstocombatthewasteon campus.3 模板三(2001年 1 月)1.I t iscertainthat.2.Foronereason,.3.Foranother,.4.However,somestillpuzzleon howto.1 提出问题及解决的必要性。2 解决问题很必要的理由一3 解决问题很必要的理由二。4 转折到如何解决问题。5.Herecomesomesuggestio

36、ns.6.Tobeginwith,7.Secondly8.Forinstance,9.Thirdly,.10.Thatisbecause11.Thesolutionvaryaccordingto differentsituations.12.Therefore,5 呈上指出解决问题的方法很多。6 解决办法一.。7 解决办法二。8.阐明解决办法二。9.解决办法三。10.其理由。11.解决问题的办法随具体情况不同而变化根本途径。12.总结全文，要灵活地依据具体情况处理问题。第三节。观点论证型作文模板1 模板一1.Itistruethat.2.However,.3.Ithink.4.canbelis

37、tedasfollow.5.Firstofall,6.Secondly7.Forexample8.Thirdly,9.Acaseinpointis.10.Itgoeswithoutsayingthat11.Thereisno doubtthat12.Inconclusion1 提出普遍存在地观点。2 谈不同地观点。3 自己地观点，即文章地论点4 过度句，转折到观点地论证，由题目选择具体的词。5 论证理由一6 论证理由二。7 举例具体说明理由二。8.论证理由三。9.举例说明理由三。10.提出执行该观点时应注意的事项。11.得出结论。12.总结全文。ItPaystoBe HonestItistru

38、ethatmostof us valuehonestyhighly.However,nowadayswe oftenconfrontconfidencecrisissuchascheating,overcharging,fakecommodities,etc.I thinkthatwe shouldbehonestbecausebeinghonestisnotonlythewholesociety.Thereasonscanbe listedasfollows.Firstly,onlyhonestpeoplecanbe trulyrespectedby theothersandcanmakem

39、orefriendsovera longperiodoftime.Secondly,honesty,whichisthetraditionalvirtueoftheChinesepeople,canmakeourlifeeasierandmoreharmonious.Forexample,consumerswillnotbe afraidofbeingoverchargedifdealersarehonest,andon thecontrarydealerscanwinmorecustomers.Thirdly,honestycanmakeoursociety.Acasein pointist

40、hatSingaporewhichisa societyoftrustworthinessandintegrityhasa comparativelylowcriminalrate.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatbeinghonestyisof benefittoboththesameandtheindividual.Thereisno doubtthatwe shouldfosterthespiritof honesty.In conclusion,layingstressonhonestywillbecomethepublicmoralsinoursociety.2 模板二

41、1.Somepeoplebelievethat.2.Thetruthisdeepandprofound.3.As we know,.4.Inaddition,.5.Therearenumerousexamples6.Acaseinpointis7.Thereisclosetosuggest8.Foranotherexample9.Moreover,.1 直接提出本文的观点。2 进一步强度观点的正确性。3 论证理由一4 论证理由二5 承上启下。6 举例一具体论证。7 总结例一。8.举例二具体论证。9.举例三具体论证。10.Allmentionedabovetellus11.Butonething

42、we haveto noticeis that12.Ina word,10.总结上下，重申论点。11.指出该论点应注意什么。12.总结全文。ItPaystoBe HonestSomepeoplebelievethatmanydishonesties,suchas cheating,overcharging,fakecommodities,etc.ruinournormallife,andtheymaintainthatbeinghonestisnotonlybeneficialtoothersbutalsotooneself.Thetruthisdeepandprofound.As we kn

43、ow,ifoneishonest,otherpeoplewilldeeplyrespecthimor her,andarewillingtomakefriendswithhimor her.Inaddition,beinghonestcanmakepeopleslifeeasierandmoreharmonious.Therearenumerousexamplessupportingtheargument.Acasein pointisthatSingaporewhichisa societyoftrustworthinessandintegrityhasa comparativelylowc

44、riminalrate.Thisisclosetosuggestthathonestycanmakeoursocietymorestable,andallpeoplecanlivea peacefullifethere.Foranotherexample,buyersusuallyliketomakea dealwiththedealerstheytrust.Moreover,thedealer,suchasTongrentangHerbalMedicineShopwhichrunsbusinesshonestlyismorelikelysurvivethefiercemarketcompet

45、ition.Allmentionedabovetellusthatitishightimethatwe tookactiontofightagainstdishonesty.Butonethingwe havetonoticeisthatsometimeswe needwhiteliestocomfortthepatientswhohavesufferedseriousillness.Inshort,we shouldletthedishonestyhaveno placetostayinoursociety.五应用文作文模板1 建议信模板DateDear1.I am delightedtol

46、earnthat.2.It.3.Inmy opinion,.4.On theonehand,.5.On theotherhand,6.As tothe,I suggest.7.If8.Itisunnecessaryforyouto9.Inaddition,.10.Iam sure11.Pleaseinformme 12.Iam lookingforwardtoSincerelyyours,Signature:1 写信的原因。2 引出作者的建议。3 表达建议内容。4 提出建议的理由一。5 建议的理由二。6 具体到某一方面的建议内容。7 供被建议人选择的条件。8 建议内容的另一方面。9 其它的建议

47、。10对建议内容的评价。11.对建议内容所做出的承诺。12.表达个人的愿望。ALettertoa SchoolmateJune7th,2001DearWang,I am delightedtolearnthatyouwillvisitme fora weekduringthisnationaldays.Ithasbeenseveralyearssincewe departedlasttime,andI am lookingforwardtoyourvisit.In myopinion,Nanjingisyourbestchoiceforthisholiday.On theonehand,the

48、rearemanyplacesofinterestandhistoricalsitesinNajing.On theotherhand,Nanjingisa culturalcenterwithvariousartisticandmusicalperformances.As tothefamoussites,I suggestthatyoushouldvisittheConfuciusTempleandDr.SunYetsensMausoleum.Ifyouareinterestedinparks,theXXX parkwillbe yourbestchoice.Itisnotnecessar

49、yforyouto bringanythingexceptyoursweaterssinceitis alittlechillin theevening.In addition,as therewillbe manypeopleattherailwaystation,youshouldnotleaveyourbelongingsunattended!I am sureyouwillenjoyyourvisitinNanjing.Pleaseinformme onceyouhavemadeyourdecision.I am lookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.Sincer

50、elyYours,ZhangYing.2004年 6 月真题ALettertotheEditorofa NewspaperJune19,2004DearEditor,MynameisLiu.I am a seniorfromBeijingNormalUniversityandI boughtan LongmanDictionaryof ContemporaryEnglishin a bookstorenearbyourcampusyesterday.I venturetowriteyoualetterabouttheservicethatI“enjoyed”atthebookstorein o