英语中考归纳复习专题：句子的种类.pdf

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1、外研版 2018 年英语中考归纳复习专题：句子的种类【句子的种类】简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成，按句子功能一般分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。【简单句的基本句型】类型 例句备注 例句备注 主语+谓语(不及物动词)We study hard.我们努力学习。某些不及物动词加特定介词后可带宾语，如listen to 等。主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 I like apples.我喜欢苹果。宾语为代词时，要用宾格代词。主语+系动词+表语 The girl is kind.这个女孩很友好。表语多为名词或形容词，系动词look,taste,smell 等后面常跟形容

2、词作表语。主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 She bought me a card.她给我买了一张卡片。常见的此类动词：give,buy,show,pass 等。主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 He made the baby cry.他把这个婴儿弄哭了。常见的此类动词：make,keep,let,see,hear,notice 等。【考点训练 1】1.My younger brother is smart and I have already taught _(he)some English.2.The orange tastes _(good/well).3.Loud

3、 music always makes me _(want)to dance.答案：him good want【陈述句】类型 用途 例句 肯定句 肯定的陈述，表示“是如此”。They usually go to school by bike.他们经常骑自行车去上学。否定句 否定的陈述，表示“不是如此”。They wont go to the park tomorrow.他们明天不去公园。注意：否定句是在 be 动词、助动词或情态动词后加 not，常用缩略形式，要注意人称、时态的一致。【考点训练 2】1.I woke up early in the morning.（改为否定句）I _ up e

4、arly in the morning.2.Carrots are grown all over the world.（改为否定句）Carrots _all over the world.3.They have gone to Africa.（改为否定句）They _ to Africa.答案：didnt wake arent grown havent gone【疑问句】类型 用途 句型 例句 一般 疑问句 询问一件事或情况是否属实。1.be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+表语/动词原形/分词？2.答语:Yes,代词+be 动词/助动词/情态动词；No,代词+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+no

5、t Are you a student?你是学生吗？Yes,I am./No,Im not.是的，我是。/不，我不是。特殊 疑问句 针对句子某一具体成分提问。特殊疑问词+谓语/一般疑问句？What are you doing?你在做什么？I am reading a book.我在看书。选择 疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的情况供选择。1.一般疑问句+or+另一个选择项？2.特殊疑问句+选择项+or+另一个选择项？Do you like English or math？你喜欢英语还是数学？English.英语。反意 疑问句 由“陈述句+简短问句”构成，表示问话者欲对陈述句部分进行证实。1.肯定陈述

6、句+否定的简短问句？2.否定陈述句+肯定的简短问句？Emily has been to Japan twice,hasnt she?埃米莉去过两次日本了，对吗？No,she hasnt.不，她没去过。常见疑问词（组）及其用法 疑问词 用法 备注 who 询问身份 whose 询 问“所有者”意为“谁的”which 询问特定的人或物 what 询问具体信息（电话号码、地址等）还可询问职业、日期 when 询问时间 where 询问地点、位置 why 询问原因 常用 because 从句来回答。how 询问方式（怎样）常用来询问交通方式；答语中出现 by+v.ing 时，一般用 how 来提问。【

7、考点训练 3】1._ you ever _ to Shanghai?Yes,I went there last year.（）A.Are;going B.Do;go C.Did;go D.Have;been 2._ are you going to England?To visit my uncle.He lives there with his family.（）A.What B.When C.Why D.How 3.Do you like listening to country music or rock music?_.It brings me pleasure.（）A.Yes,I d

8、o B.No,I dont C.I like music D.Country music 4.David never fights with his classmates，_?（）A.does he B.doesnt he C.is he D.isnt he 答案：DCDA 祈使句 祈使句表示请求、命令、劝告、叮嘱、号召、建议等。类型 结构 例句 肯定 祈使句 动词原形+其他 Come in,please.请进。Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Lets go!我们走吧！Be+表语+其他。Be careful,please.请小心 否定 祈使句 Dont+动词原形+其他 Dont do that

9、again!不要再那样做。No+名词/动名词+其他 No parking here!这儿禁止停车！【考点训练 4】1._ me the truth,or Ill be angry.（）A.Telling B.To tell C.Told D.Tell 2._ late for school again,Tim!Sorry,I promise that I _.（）A.Dont;wont B.Dont be;wont C.Dont be;dont D.Dont;will 3._ the baby cry.（）A.Not let B.Let not C.Dont let D.No let 答案：D

10、 BC 感叹句 感叹句是表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤、哀伤等强烈感情的句子。通常由 What 或 How 引导,What 后以名词为中心，How 后以形容词或副词为中心，句末常用感叹号。类型 结构 例句 What 型 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）！What a beautiful girl she is!她是多么漂亮的女孩啊！What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！What important jobs they have done!他们做了多么重要的工作啊！What sweet water it is!多么甜的水啊！How 型 Ho

11、w+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）！How beautiful a picture it is！多么漂亮的一幅画啊！How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）！How cute the dog is!这只狗多么可爱啊！How+主语+谓语！How time flies!时间过得多么快啊！【考点训练 5】1.The weather is very hot.（改为感叹句）_ the weather is!2.What surprising news it is!（改为同义句）_ the news is!3.How delicious the food is!（改为同义句）_ food

12、 it is!4.They are running fast.（改为感叹句）_ they are running!5.I have read a very interesting book.（改为感叹句）_ interesting book I have read!答案：How hot How surprising What delicious How fast What an There be 句型 There be 句型表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”，there 是引导词，没有实际意义，句中的 be 与离它最近的名词在数方面保持一致。1.There be 句型的常用结构 时态 结构 例句

13、一般 现在时 There is/are+sb./sth.+地点状语 There is a pen on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔。一般 过去时 There was/were+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示过去的时间状语 There were many people in the theater last night.昨晚剧院里有很多人。一般 将来时 There will be(is/are going to be)+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示将来的时间状语 There is going to be a basketball match next Friday.下周五将有一场篮球

14、比赛。与情态 动词连用 There+情态动词+be+sb./sth.+地点状语/时间状语 There must be some cute animals in the zoo.动物园里一定有一些可爱的动物。2.There be 句型的句式变化 句式 变化规则 例句 否定句 一般是在 be 动词（或助动词）后面加not。There isnt any water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。一般 疑问句 一般是把 be 动词提前到句首。Are there many people in the park on weekends?周末公园里有很多人吗？Yes,there are./No,

15、there arent.是的，有。/不，没有。【考点训练 6】1.Is there a watermelon on the table?_.（）A.Yes，there is B.Yes，it is C.No，there is D.No，it isnt 2.There _ a football match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon.（）A.is going to be B.are going to be C.is going to have D.will have 3.There _ some juice in the gl

16、ass just now.（）A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案：AAC 【倒装句】初中阶段对于倒装句的考查主要集中在对 so 与 neither/nor 引导的倒装句的辨析。结构 说明 例句 So+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同。I like reading English,and so does he.我喜欢读英语，他也喜欢。Neither/Nor+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示与上文提到的否定情况相同。You wont go,and neither shall I.你不去,我也不去。注意：当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以

17、证实或肯定时，不用倒装结构;意为“的确如此”。如：He is a good actor.他是个好演员。So he is.的确如此。【考点训练 7】1.What language is that guy speaking?I can hardly catch a single word!_.Hes from India,so I guess its Hindi.（）A.Neither I can B.Neither can I C.So I can D.So can I 2.I think you are different now.Of course,times have changed an

18、d_.（）A.so have I B.so I have C.neither have I D.neither I have 答案 B A【考题热身】1.(2017毕节)_ have you felt like this?Three days.（）A.How long B.How often C.How much D.How many 2.(2017毕节)There _ some students on the playground.（）A.is B.have C.has D.are 3.(2017黔东南)Sandy likes English best.She reads the texts

19、 every day._.（）A.So does Jim B.So Jim does C.So Jim is D.So is Jim 4.(2017黔东南)Your mother is very busy.She hardly does morning exercises,_?（）A.isnt she B.does she C.doesnt she D.is she 5.(2017烟台)_?She is of medium height with blue eyes.（）A.How is Rita B.What does Rita like C.What does Rita look like

20、 D.How do you like Rita 6.(2017南京)Excuse me,but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?Just _ going for two more blocks and youll see it.（）A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.keeps 7.(2017长春)The final exam is over.Will you stay at home or visit your grandparents?_.I miss them very much.（）A.Yes,I will B.

21、Ill stay at home C.No,I wont D.Ill visit my grandparents 8.(2017重庆 B 卷)_ bad day!Its raining hard.We have to stay at home.（）A.How a B.What a C.How D.What 9.(2017广东)Is there any outdoor learning in your school?_.We learn outdoors once or twice every month.（）A.Yes,there is B.No,there isnt C.Yes,it is D.No,it isnt 10.(2017东营)_ exciting it is!Our country put her first homemade aircraft carrier(国产航空母舰)in the water on April 26 in Dalian.（）A.How B.What C.How an D.What an 答案：ADABCADBAA