高考英语情态动词总结归纳讲义.pdf

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1、 1 高考英语情态动词总结归纳 一、can和could(could为can的过去式)的基本用法 1.表示能力，可译为“能，会”。I can swim.我会游泳。Two eyes can see more than one.两只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school?这女孩上学前能识字吗？The cinema can seat 1,000 people.这电影院能容纳 1，000 人。I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看

2、不懂。2.比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could 比 can 语气上要客气。Can(Could)you lend me a hand?帮我一把好吗？Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。Could I use your dictionary?我可以用一下你的字典吗？-Yes,go ahead.可以，用吧。（或 Yes,you can.但不能说 Yes,you could.）Can I have a look at your new pen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？He aske

3、d whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。Could/Can you tell me how to get to the zoo?劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？3.表示推测，常用于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中 can 和 could 没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can 表示推测的可能性比 could 大。用于肯定句表示判断时一般是表示理论上或是逻辑上判断“有时候会”。Can he be ill at home?他会是生病在家吗？Can the story be true?这个故事会

4、是真的吗？He cannot be at home.他不可能在家。The temperature can fall to 60,that is 60 below freezing.气温有时候可降至60，也就是零下 60。You mustnt smoke while you are walking around in the woods.You could start a fire.在林子里走时一定不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。How can you be so careless?你怎么这么粗心？Where can could they

5、 have gone?他们会去了哪里？He cant/couldnt be over sixty.他不可能超过 60 岁。5.Could 可以用在虚拟条件句中。If you had followed my advice,you could have finished it.如果你当时听我的，你早就做完了。If you had tried harder,you could have passed your exam.如果你再努力些，你就能通过考试了。注意：比较 can 和 be able to 1）情态动词 can 只有两种时态形式，现在式 can 和过去式 could，而 be able to

6、 有多种时态形式。Mary can play the piano.She has been able to play it since she was 5.玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。2）用在过去时中，could 经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而 waswere able to 则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。He could swim across the English Channel.But he didnt feel like it that day.他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home bef

7、ore the heavy rain.昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。2 二、may和might(might为may的过去式)的基本用法 1表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。在口语中可用 can,could 代替 may，但在正式场合用 may。表示允许时，也可用 might 代替，might 不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。You may take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May(Might)I ask for a photo of your baby?

8、我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？You may take this seat if you like.如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。May/Can/Could/Might I have a talk with you?我可以和你谈谈吗？-May/Might I come into the room to see my mother?我可以进房间看我母亲吗？-No,you mustnt.She needs to have a good rest.不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。提示：May I.问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。肯定回答 Yes,please.Certainly.Yes,of course.S

9、ure.Go ahead,please.否定回答 No,you cant.（最常见）No,you mustnt.（具有强烈禁止的意思）Please dont.Youd better not.I dont think you can.Im sorry its not allowed.2表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。Your math teacher may/might be in his office.你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。（might 表示的可能性很小）The light isnt on.It may/might be broken.那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。There may mi

10、ght be some ink left in the bottle.瓶子里也许还剩点儿墨水。He may be at home.他可能在家。She may not know about it.她可能不知道这件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him.他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。-They might be having a meeting,but Im not sure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。-It may be,or may not be.可能是，也可能不是。注意：用 may 表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用 can

11、来代替。Can he be at home?他可能在家吗？-Can it be true?这可能是真的吗？3.用在目的状语从句中。He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。I arrived at the airport earlier in order that I might meet him.我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。4.有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。May you succeed.祝你成功 May you be happy.祝你快乐。May that day come so

12、on.希望这一天早日到来。三、must的基本用法 1.表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。We must do everything step by step.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。You mustnt talk to her like that.你不可能那样对她说话。-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now?我们现在就要交练习本吗？-No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用 mustnt）注意：must 表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用 neednt。They must finish th

13、e work today,neednt they?You must see the doctor,neednt you?2.must 的否定式是 mustnt(不许，禁止，千万不要做)；有时用（dont have to=dont need to 意思是“没有必要”，不一定要做，不是非得做）3 You must keep it a secret.You mustnt tell anyone.必须保密，不可以告诉任何人。（mustnt 表示“禁止”）You dont have to tell me the secret.你不必告诉我这个秘密。注意：当陈述句部分有情态动词 must 表示“必须、禁止

14、“时，反意疑问部分要用 must(mustnt)You mustnt stop your car here,must you?3.表示揣测,意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句，它的肯定程度比 may,might 大得多，通常后面接状态动词或系动词)，表示对现在状态的推测。He must be ill.He looks so pale.他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。Shes wearing a diamond necklace.She must have a lot of money.她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。He must be very lazy for his desk is very

15、 untidy.他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。Carol must get very bored with her job.She does the same thing every day.卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了，她每天都做同样的事 注意：must be doing 表示对现在正在进行动作或状态的推测；must have done 表示对过去完成的动作或状态的推测。Put on more clothes.You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。The ground is wet.It mus

16、t have rained last night.地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。4.must 可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。We all must die.我们都会死。Truth must be out.真相必然会大白的。Winter must be followed by spring.冬天到了，春天还会远吗？5.must 有时可用来表示“偏要，非得要”的意思。Why must it rain today?为什么偏偏在今天下雨？Whe

17、n I was taking a nap,a student must knock at the door.正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。比较：have to 的基本用法：have to 和 must 的意义相近，只是 must 侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard.我必须努力学习。I had to give it up because of illness.由于生病，我不得不放弃了。四、will的基本用法 1用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，Will 作为时态助动词表示将来时间时，不可用于条件和时间状语从句，

18、但 will 作为情态动词表示意愿或决心时，可用于条件状语从句。I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen.I will do anything for you.我愿为你做任何事。None is so blind as those who wont see.不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book,Ill lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。If you will give up smoking,your health will impro

19、ve.如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况就会好转。I will never tell you the secret.我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。2.在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?Will you close the window?Its a bit cold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wont you drink some more coffee?再来一点咖啡好吗？注意：Will/Would you.表示请求和建议的答复。a.肯定回答：Y

20、es,please.是的，请。Certainly.当然可以。Sure.当然了。All right.好啊！b.否定回答：Im sorry.I cant.对不起，不行。No,thank you.不，不行。No,I wont.不，不行 3.will 可以表示某种倾向或习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨他都会在河边散步。Fish will die out of water.鱼离开水就不能活。The door wont open.这门打不开。4 He will surf the Inter

21、net every night.他每天晚上都在上网。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。五、would的基本用法 1.would 作为 will 的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，He promised he would never smoke again.They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。I said I would

22、 do anything for you.我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2.在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。请求或寻问对方的意愿时，比用 will 的气更加客气和委婉。Would you like another glass of beer?再来杯啤酒好吗？Would you mind cleaning the window?请把窗户擦一下好吗？They wouldnt have anything against it.他们不会有什么反对意见。3.表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向，比 used to 正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。Last year

23、 our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class./During the vacation he would visit me every week.Every time she was in trouble,she would go to him for help.她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。He would be nervous when he met strangers.遇见陌生人时他总是很紧张。In class he would ask some silly que

24、stions,and his classmates would laugh at him.课上，他总是问一些蠢问题，同学们总是嘲笑他。4.在日常生活中，学用“I would like to”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，I would like to do Ex.2 first.我想先做练习二。-Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?今天晚上去看电影好吗？-Yes,Id love to.非常乐意。六、shall的基本用法 1构成一般将来时态，用于一人称，否定式是 shant。Perhaps I shall pay a visit

25、to England this winter.We shall read about this tomorrow.I shant be long.I want to busy something.We shant be coming back today.2.表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句，二人称的疑问句用 will。Shall I carry it for you?我来帮你搬它，好吗？Shall we sing a song?我们唱一支歌，好吗？Shall they wait outside?让他们在外面等吗？What shall we do this evening?我们今晚

26、做什么？Shall the waiter bring meals to your room?要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗？提示：Shall I open the window?我打开窗子好吗？Will you open the window?你打开窗子好吗？Shall he open the window?他打开窗子好吗？3.表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。5 You shall do as I say.按我说的做。（命令）He shall be sorry for it one day,I tell you.我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。（警告）

27、You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。（决心）He shall have the book when I finish reading.我看完这本书就给他看。（允诺）I shall do my homework after reading this story book.读完这本故事书后我就做作业。（允诺）You shall fail if you dont w

28、ork harder.（警告）He shall be punished.他会受到惩罚的。（威胁）You shall have my answer tomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）Each competitor shall wear a number.（规定）七、should 的基本用法 1.表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。Children should obey their parents.儿童应该服从他们的父母。One shouldnt be selfish.人千万别自私。Customers who get bad service should com

29、plain,shouldnt they 没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？2.与 what,how,why 等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪 How should I know?我怎么会知道呢 Why should I fear?我为什么会害怕？What should she do but cry for help?除了呼救外，她还能干什么？I dont know why you should think I did it.我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。It is surprising that she should marry an old man.她竟然嫁给了一个老头，真是令人

30、惊讶。3.表示对过去、现在或将来情况按照常理的推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。It should be fine tomorrow.明天可能天是晴天。He should be taking a bath now.他可能在洗澡。Its nearly seven oclock.Jack should be here at any moment.已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。4.表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评（应做的事

31、却没做）。The boys shouldnt be playing football.They should be at school.这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。You shouldnt have entered the teachers office without permission.没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。八、ought to的基本用法 1.表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比 should 强，Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.人人都应该遵守交通规则。You are his father.Yo

32、u ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当管他。You oughtnt to smoke so much.你不应该抽这么多烟。You ought to respect your parents.你应当尊敬你的父母 Oughtnt we to do everything possible to stop pollution.难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗？2.表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。注意与 must 表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)He ought to be home by now.(不十分肯定)This

33、 is where the oil must be.(比较直率)This is where the oil ought to be.(比较含蓄)Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.韩梅该知道他的电话号码。There is a fine sunset;it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。6 3.“ought+have+过去分词”，这时 ought to 和 should 一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。You ought to be washing your clo

34、thes.Why are you playing Ping-Pong 你应该在洗衣服（可是你没洗),为什么你在打乒乓球 You ought to have helped him.(but you didnt)这时，ought 与 should 可以互相换用。You ought to have handed in the exercise last week.你上周就应当交练习。（可你没交，含责备的意思。）He ought to have asked me before he took my bike.他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。注意：ought to 与 should 的比较。ought

35、 to 和 should 的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought to 表示“应该”，是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。should 则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。You are her mother.You ought to look after her.你是她的母亲，你应当照管她。（是道义上的责任，不能和 should 换。）We should encourage him for we are his classmates.我们应该鼓励他，我们是他的同班同学啊！九、need的基本用法 1情态动词 need：need 作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句中（在

36、肯定句中常被 must,have to,ought to,should 等情态动词取代）。作为情态动词，它的词形只有 need 一种形式。You neednt return the book now.You can keep it till next week if you like.你现在不必还书，如果愿意，你可以下周还。（neednt=dont have to）Need I hand in my homework now?我现在就要交家庭作业吗？-Need he finish the article next week.他要下个星期完成这篇文章吗？-Yes,he must.是的，他必须完成

37、。-No,he neednt.不，他不需要。（=he doesnt have to）2.行为动词 need：need 也可以作行为动词，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行为动词 need 有人称和数的变化，自身不能否定和提问，要借助助动词 do，does 或 did。Plant needs water.植物需要水。My shirt needs a button.我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。My car needs repairing.我的车该修理了。He has grown up.We dont need to worry about him.他已经长大了，我们不必为他担心。You dont nee

38、d to buy so many things for the picnic.你不必为这次野餐买这么多东西。Patience is needed for that job.干那工作，需要耐心。提示：need 作为情态动态时，不要用于肯定句中。【误】She need do her homework by herself.(need 作为情态动词时，不用于肯定句中)【正】She needs to do her homework by herself.她该独立完成家庭作业。3.need have done 表示本来有必要做却未做；neednt have done 表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情

39、如：-Did you drive him home yesterday?-No,I only showed him the way.-He is a new comer,so you need have driven him home.又如：-Did you answer the send the letter to him yesterday?-Yes,I did.-But you neednt have sent it，because he will come today.十、dare的基本用法 1情态动词 dare 主要用于疑问句和否定句，不用于肯定句中。可以用于条件状语从句中也可以用于

40、表示怀疑的名词性从句中。I dare not darent walk through the forest at night.我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。-Dare you walk through the forest at night 你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗？-Yes,I dare.是的，我敢。-No,I darent.不，我不敢。7 He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.下雨天他不敢开得太快。He dared not do it last year.去年他不敢做这事。（dare 的过去时为 dared）Dared he break the tra

41、ffic regulations again?I wonder how he dare say such things.我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。（怀疑）We dont know whether he dare climb the mountain.我们不知道他是否敢爬那座山。（怀疑）If the enemy dare enter the village,well fight against them to the end.如果敌人敢进入村里，我们就和他们战斗到底。I dare say hell come again.我想他会再来的。（I dare say为固定习语）2.dare 也可用

42、作行为动词，指勇气和胆量上的可能，可译为“敢”，其变化与一般行为动词相同，要随着主语的人称和数发生变化，多用于肯定句中，但也可用在疑问句和否定句中。She dares to stay at home alone at night.她敢夜晚独自呆在家里。He will dare any danger.他敢面对任何危险。He dared me to jump over the stream.他激我跳过小溪。Did anyone dare to admit it?有人敢于承认吗？I have never dared(to)go back to take a look.我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。（否定

43、句中 to 可省略）He doesnt dare to walk at night.他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）He darent walk at night.他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词 Does he dare to walk at night?他敢走夜路？（行为动词）Dare he walk at night?他敢走夜路吗？（作情态动词）He didnt dare to walk at night fifteen years ago.15 年前他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）He darent walk(=dared not walk)at night fifteen years ago.15

44、 年前他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）Will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow?明天你敢做同样的实验吗？（作行为动词）Dare you do the same experiment tomorrow？明天你敢做同样的实验吗？（作情态动词）十一、used to的用法 1.used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young.他告诉我他年轻的时候常踢足球。He used to live in the coun

45、tryside,but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。There used to be a building at the street corner,but it has been pulled down.街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。2.在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句：Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother?否定句：I usednt to/didnt use to go there.(usednt 也可写作 usent

46、)；否定疑问句：Usent you to/Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre?强调句：I certainly used to/did use to smoke,but it was a long time ago.；3.其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat,didnt she?/use(d)nt she?Did you use to play chess?Yes,I did.Used you to get up early in the morning?Yes,I did./used to

47、.十二、had better用法 had better 意为“最好”，后接不带 to 的不定式，had better 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。-We had better go now.-Yes,we had.(wed better./we had better.)Hadnt we better stop now?(Had we better not stop now?)I think Id better be going.(用于进行时态，表“最好立即”)You had better have done that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作)8 十三、would rather 意为“宁

48、愿”，表选择，后接不带 to 的不定式，Id rather not say anything.Would you rather work on a farm?/-Wouldnt you rather stay here?-No,I would not.Id rather go there.注意：由于 would rather 表选择，因而后可接 than，I would rather work on a farm than in a factory./I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/I would rather lose a do

49、zen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.Id rather you didnt talk about this to anyone.(句中的 d rather 不是情态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词)十四、have to用法 1.“必须，不得不”，意义与 must 相近，但 must 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则往往强调客观需要。The film is not interesting.I really must go now.I have to go now,because my mother i

50、s in hospital.2.must 只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而 have to 则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。I had to work hard when I was your age.I will have to learn how to use a computer.In order to take the exam,well have to finish the whole book by the end of this month.3.两者的否定意义不同，dont have to 表示不必 mustnt 表示“禁止，不许”You mustnt go