高考英语语法专题复习名词从句、定语从句.pdf

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1、段左侧片石混凝土挡土墙第部分页脚内容语法系列复习专题九-名词从句、定语从句名词从句 名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：宾语从句：I dont know where he will go.主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：1 whether 和 if 都可以引导宾语从句表达

2、“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时 if 和 whether 可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用 whether（不用 if）引导：（1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但 It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).（2）引导表语从句时。例 The problem is whether he can get a job.（3）引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.（4）介词后的 whether 从句。例

3、：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2 位于句首引导主语从句的 that 不可忘。例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/that 从句”结构中，that 从句谓语有时用（should）do 这样的虚拟语气形式。例如：It is suggested that we(should)improve the r

4、elations between us.It is a pity that one(should)stay in one place all ones life.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.4 在“The reason whyis that”句式中 that 不要误为 because.例如：The reason why he didnt go to school yesterday is that he was ill.5 名词从句中 that,what 用法比较：引导名词从

5、句的 that 是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而 what 是连接代词，whatthe thing(s)that.例如：It was told in yesterdays newspaper thatwhat the students had done was praised by the factory.I know that he will study.I know what he will study.That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.What he works hard at is known to us all.

6、All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(the person that)he used to be.他和以前大不相同了。6 where 在名词从句中的使用特点：where 在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词the place where”形式。例如：主从：Where(The place where)she has gone is still unknown.宾从：Would you please tell me where(the place where)Mr Smith

7、 lives?表从：Your dictionary remains where(in/at the place where)you put.同位从：Have you any idea where(of the place where)she is spending her holidays?7 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主谓（宾）”或“主系表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：Whats the matter

8、 with him?She asked me what was the matter with him.Who looks after your grandfather?He asked me who looked after my grandfather.无意义 the things(that)段左侧片石混凝土挡土墙第部分页脚内容 名词从句考点分析 1They want to know _ do to help us.(NMET)A.what they can B.how they can C.how can they D.what can they 析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除 C、D

9、。又因 how they can do 不完整，do 后无宾 语，故也应排除，只有 A 项既是陈述语序，且 what they can do 完整正确地表达出“他 们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为 A。2His teacher _ he _ bright and _ he was worth teaching.A.didnt think;was;that B.thought;was;whether C.didnt think;was;D.thought;wasnt;析：观察题目，可知 think 后跟有 and 连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句 的引导语 that 可以省略，但引导后

10、一宾语从句的 that 不可省略，据此，可排除 C、D 两个选项。若选 B 项，全句意思不通，而选择 A 项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不 值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定 A 是正确答案。3_ is done cannot be undone.A.How B.That C.What D.Where 析：do 一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是 done 的宾语）。而 A.How,D.Where 均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B 项 that 一词只能在定语从句 中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选 what(the thing that),才 能

11、正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。4Take care _ you dont make mistakes in the coming exam.A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that 析：take care 是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟 that 引导的宾语从句来表达“当心 不要”意思，据此，该题应选 D。5To his surprise,the umbrella was not _ he had put.A.which B.where C.the place D.that 析：观察题干，was not 后是表语，根据 where 在表语从句中

12、相当于 in/at the place where,将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而 C 选项缺少词，不可 选。A、D 项皆不合用。6_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what 析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即“A seems better that B”结构，根据 whatthe thing(s)that 这一特点，将其置 于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为 A。7_

13、well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 析：此题 depends 前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否”意时，只能用 Whether,不可用 If。故答案为 B。8_ they are most interested in is _ they can produce more and better cars.A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that 析：is 前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，

14、只能选 what 填入空白;is 是表语从句，显然只有选 how 才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故 答案为 B。9He made a suggestion that the English test _ until next Wednesday.A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off 析：suggestion,order,adivce 等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do 的形式，且 该句中 test 与 put off 为被动关系，故选 B。10I dont think _ he said somethi

15、ng like that is right.段左侧片石混凝土挡土墙第部分页脚内容 A.that B.what C.whether D.when 析：此句 think 后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在 is 之前，它是一个被动句。因为 he said something like that 已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义，不做成分的 that 才合适，故选 A。定语从句 一、定语从句与引导词 定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。

16、1 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose 作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：The man who helped you is Mr White.(who 代人，在定语从句中作主语)That is the person(whom/who/that)you want to see.(whom,who,that 代人，在定 语从句中作宾语，可省略)Im not the fool(that)you thought me to be.(that 代人，在定从中

17、作表语)A dictionary is a useful book which(that)tells us the meaning of words(which 或 that 代物，在定从中作主语)2 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Would you suggest a time(when)we can have a talk?(when 可省略)The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the

18、meeting.注意：不是表时间的先行词都用 when 引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用 where 引导定从。例如：Well visit the factory which(that)makes radios.(which 或 that 在定从中作主语，where 不可用主语，故不可用)They still remember the happy days(which/that)they spent in Beidaihe.(which 或 that 在定从中作 spent 的宾语，when 不可作宾语，故不可用)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰

19、主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代 词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Pings father,who works in a factory,is an engineer./He tore up my photo,which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时 which 不可换为 as。)He is good at physics,as is known to us all.As is

20、known to us all,he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在 as is known/believed,as we all know/believe 这类结构中 as 不可换为 which)三、只用 that 引导和不用 that 引导的场合 1 只用 that 引导和不用 that 引导的场合 1）当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.2）指物的先行词被 any,every,only,very,all,no 等修饰时：These are the ver

21、y points that interest me./Thats the only watch that I like most.3）指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.4）先行词是指物的不定代词 all,little,few,much,及 everything,anything,nothing 等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have

22、 you got everything that you need?5）先行词是 who 时：Who that have seen him does not like him?2 不用 that 的场合如下：段左侧片石混凝土挡土墙第部分页脚内容1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March.2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news 3）句中出现了 that，或先行词是 that 时 I have found that

23、 which I was looking for.四、“介词关系代词”用法 1 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是习惯性搭配)2 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即 through the telescope)3 当关系代词作“动词介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开

24、移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which youre looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.五、几个名词后的引导词 1.situation 后常用 where,in which 引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?2.way(方式，方法)后常用 in which 或 that 或 how 引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/tha

25、t/how)he worked out the problem?3.“the same名词”，“such名词”，“as名词”后通常用 as 引导定语从句。例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.定语从句考点分析 1 The best work _ Luxun wrote and _ I have read has been made into a film.A.which;that B.that;C.;that D.;析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾

26、语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选 C。2 It was in 1969 _ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.It was 1969 _ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.A.when B.which C.that D.析：第一句是强调时间 in 1969,强调结构是“It was强调部分that 句”，故应选 C。第二句 It是表时间的，先行词 1969 在从句中作状语，故选 A。3 Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born?A.a

27、t which B.which C.in which D.at where 析：观察题目，空白处只有填 in which 或 where 才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？”这一意思，故答案为 C。4 Is this house _ Shakespeare was born?A.where B.which C.in which D.at which 析：将此句变为陈述句；This house is _ Shakespeare was born.显然 is 后是一表语从句，只有选 where(the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答案为 A。5 In th

28、e dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that 析：“介词关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题短语 turn to 有关，故 应选 A。6 The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.Aabout which B.of which C.in which D.for which 析：涉及 be/feel proud of

29、 短语，故答案为 B。段左侧片石混凝土挡土墙第部分页脚内容7 Have you ever asked him the reason _ may explain his being late.A.why B.that C.for which D.what 析：此题易误选 A、C，因为先行词是 the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是 B。注意 what 不能引导定语从句。8 Farming is difficult _ there is no rain.A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where 析：因为 difficult 是

30、形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句 where(in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为 A。9 We need the same machine _ in your factory.A.which is being used B.as is being used C.that is being used D.as it is being used 析：根据“the same先行词”后跟 as 引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为 B。10_ the people,not things _ are most import

31、ant.A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who 析：仔细观察分析题目，可知只有 C 构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调 句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is(或 was)that”这三个词去掉，剩下部分读 起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It isthat”三词，句子是 The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确，说明选 C 是对的。名词从句、定语从句专练 1._ surprised me most was the news _

32、 our team won.A.That;that B.What;which C.What;that D.That;which 2.This is the only book _ I want to read.A.which B.that C.what D.as 3.The reason _ I am so late is _ the bus.A.that;I didnt catch B.;that I missed C.why;because I have missed D.;because my not catching 4.The problem _ has been completel

33、y settled.A.which you thought B.that you thought C.about which you thought it D.that you thought about 5.Is this the taperecorder you wish _?A.to have it repaired B.to repair it C.to have repaired D.repairing 6.The electric toy _ last month has gone out of order.A.I bought it for him B.which I bough

34、t to him C.I bought for him D.that I bought to him 7.His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows,_ he oculd see nothing but tress.A.frm which B.from where C.where D.from there 8.Every minute _ full use of to study our lessons will do our students good.A.which makes B.that is made

35、C.that made D.what is made 9.Will it be two months _ we can get another one?A.that B.when C.before D.in which 10.After graduation we should go _ our Party needs us most.A.to the place which B.in which C.that D.where 11.There is a popular belief among parents _ schools are no louger interested in han

36、dwriting.A.who B.whose C.that D.which 12.He lent me a lot of maney,_ I couldnt buy the TV set.段左侧片石混凝土挡土墙第部分页脚内容 A.with it B.for which C.without which D.by which 13.Water power stations are bulit _ big water falls.A.which are B.which has C.where there have D.where there are 14.The direction _ a forc

37、e acts can be changed.A.how B.which C.towards D.15.Was it yesterday _ you received the letter from her?A.when B.which C.on which D.that 16.In the end she decided to sell the house _ windows were almost broken.A.which B.that C.of which D.whose 17.That _ you lent me wasnt _ I wanted.A.that;all B.which

38、;all C.that;what D.which;that 18.Each time _ they met,they would talk long hours together.A.during B.which C.where D.19.This is the third week _ for the rubbish.A.that they didnt come B.they arent coming C.they havent come D.when they havent come 20.On the desk _ a Chinese brush _ he had made drawin

39、g.A.lay;with which B.lies;by which C.laid;in which D.lay;on which 21.Well never forget the days _ we spent on the seashore.A.during which B.in which C.when D.22.The beautiful church _ we see there is very famous.A.the tower which B.of whose tower C.the tower of which D.of which tower 23.The 11th Asi

40、an Games,_ China won 183 gold medals,was held in the autumn of 1990.A.which B.that C.at which D.at that 24.The only thing _ is wrong with this is _ a friend of mine said to me the other day.A.which;what B.what;that C.that;what D.that;which 25.Who is he man _ is talking with John?A.which B.who C.what

41、 D.that 26.The farmer uses wood to build a house _ to store grains.A.with which B.to where C.which D.in which 27.I really dont know _ I had my pocket picked.A.where was it that B.it was where that C.where it was that D.was it where that 28.He insisted that he _ right in doing that.A.should be B.was

42、C.would be D.is 29.Have you heard from Mary recently?Yes,she said she was thinking _ she should do next.A.that B.of what C.what D.how 30.Can you guess _?A.who that man is B.who is that man C.what is that man D.whom that man is 31.Tom told his aunt that he _ what he was doing during the time when he

43、was in the country.A.had just asked B.had just been asked C.was just asked D.just asked 32.The reason _ she gave for not being present was _ the heavy snow prevented her coming.A.;because B.why;because C.;that D.why;whether 33.Air is to us _ water is to fish.段左侧片石混凝土挡土墙第部分页脚内容 A.what B.that C.which

44、D.is that 34.The free ticket will be sent to _ comes first.A.whoever B.whomever C.whosever D.no matter who 35._ is still unknown when the president will make a public speech.A.It B.That C.He D.What 36.I dont know _ is _ I was born.A.that;when B.that;what C.that;where D.what;where 37.It is generally

45、considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 38.Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.A.that B.if C.whether D.that if 39.As many nembers _ were present agreed to the plan.A.who B.that C.which D.as 40._ can be see

46、n from his face,he is quite satisfied.A.That B.It C.Which D.As 名词从句、定语从句专练答案 15 C B B D C 610 C B B C D 1115 C C D D D 1620 D B D C A 2125 D C C C D 2630 D C B B A 3135 B C A A A 3640 C B D D D 沁园春雪 北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。望长城内外，惟余莽莽；大河上下，顿失滔滔。山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，欲与天公试比高。须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。段左侧片石混凝土挡土墙第部分页脚内容一代天骄，成吉思汗，只识弯弓射大雕。俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。当人生让你碰壁头破血流时，别害怕，没有这些挫折，怎能练就一身钢筋铁骨，当生活给你一百个理由哭泣时，别沮丧，你就拿出一千个理由笑给它看。