剑桥雅思阅读10真题精讲(test4).docx

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1、剑桥雅思阅读10真题精讲(test4) 剑桥雅思阅读部分的题目可以进行一些分类总结，因为考试的常见内容一般都会在下次考试中出现的。下面就是今日学习啦我给大家带来的剑桥雅思阅读10(test4)的原文翻译和答案内容，希望能够帮助同学们备考雅思索试。 剑桥雅思阅读10原文(test4) READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. The megafires of California Drought, housin

2、g expansion, and oversupply of tinder make for bigger, hotter fires in the western United States Wildfires are becoming an increasing menace in the western United States, with Southern California being the hardest hit area. Theres a reason fire squads battling more frequent blazes in Southern Califo

3、rnia are having such difficulty containing the flames, despite better preparedness than ever and decades of experience fighting fires fanned by the Santa Ana Winds. The wildfires themselves, experts say, are generally hotter, faster, and spread more erratically than in the past. Megafires, also call

4、ed siege fires, are the increasingly frequent blazes that burn 500, 000 acres or more 10 times the size of the average forest fire of 20 years ago. Some recent wildfires are among the biggest ever in California in terms of acreage burned, according to state figures and news reports. One explanation

5、for the trend to more superhot fires is that the region, which usually has dry summers, has had significantly below normal precipitation in many recent years. Another reason, experts say, is related to the century-long policy of the US Forest Service to stop wildfires as quickly as possible. The uni

6、ntentional consequence has been to halt the natural eradication of underbrush, now the primary fuel for megafires. Three other factors contribute to the trend, they add. First is climate change, marked by a 1-degree Fahrenheit rise in average yearly temperature across the western states. Second is f

7、ire seasons that on average are 78 days longer than they were 20 years ago. Third is increased construction of homes in wooded areas. We are increasingly building our homes in fire-prone ecosystems, says Dominik Kulakowski, adjunct professor of biology at Clark University Graduate School of Geograph

8、y in Worcester, Massachusetts. Doing that in many of the forests of the western US is like building homes on the side of an active volcano. In California, where population growth has averaged more than 600, 000 a year for at least a decade, more residential housing is being built. What once was open

9、 space is now residential homes providing fuel to make fires burn with greater intensity, says Terry McHale of the California Department of Forestry firefighters union. With so much dryness, so many communities to catch fire, so many fronts to fight, it becomes an almost incredible job. That said, m

10、any experts give California high marks for making progress on preparedness in recent years, after some of the largest fires in state history scorched thousands of acres, burned thousands of homes, and killed numerous people. Stung in the past by criticism of bungling that allowed fires to spread whe

11、n they might have been contained, personnel are meeting the peculiar challenges of neighborhood and canyon- hopping fires better than previously, observers say. State promises to provide more up-to-date engines, planes, and helicopters to fight fires have been fulfilled. Firefighters unions that in

12、the past complained of dilapidated equipment, old fire engines, and insufficient blueprints for fire safety are now praising the states commitment, noting that funding for firefighting has increased, despite huge cuts in many other programs. We are pleased that the current state administration has b

13、een very proactive in its support of us, and has come through with budgetary support of the infrastructure needs we have long sought, says Mr. McHale of the firefighters union. Besides providing money to upgrade the fire engines that must traverse the mammoth state and wind along serpentine canyon r

14、oads, the state has invested in better command-and-control facilities as well as in the strategies to run them. In the fire sieges of earlier years, we found that other jurisdictions and states were willing to offer mutual-aid help, but we were not able to communicate adequately with them, says Kim

15、Zagaris, chief of the states Office of Emergency Services Fire and Rescue Branch. After a commission examined and revamped communications procedures, the statewide response has become far more professional and responsive, he says. There is a sense among both government officials and residents that t

16、he speed, dedication, and coordination of firefighters from several states and jurisdictions are resulting in greater efficiency than in past siege fire situations. In recent years, the Southern California region has improved building codes, evacuation procedures, and procurement of new technology.

17、I am extraordinarily impressed by the improvements we have witnessed, says Randy Jacobs, a Southern California-based lawyer who has had to evacuate both his home and business to escape wildfires. Notwithstanding all the damage that will continue to be caused by wildfires, we will no longer suffer th

18、e loss of life endured in the past because of the fire prevention and firefighting measures that have been put in place, he says. Test 4 Questions 1-6 Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. Wil

19、dfires Characteristics of wildfires and wildfire conditions today compared to the past: occurrence: more frequent temperature: hotter speed: faster movement: 1 more unpredictably size of fires: 2 greater on average than two decades ago Reasons wildfires cause more damage today compared to the past:

20、rainfall: 3 average more brush to act as 4 increase in yearly temperature extended fire 5 more building of 6 in vulnerable places Questions 7-13 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 713 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees wi

21、th the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 7 The amount of open space in California has diminished over the last ten years. 8 Many experts believe California has made little progress in readying itself to fight fires. 9 Personne

22、l in the past have been criticised for mishandling fire containment. 10 California has replaced a range of firefighting tools. 11 More firefighters have been hired to improve fire-fighting capacity. 12 Citizens and government groups disapprove of the efforts of different states and agencies working

23、together. 13 Randy Jacobs believes that loss of life from fires will continue at the same levels, despite changes made. READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Second nature Your personality isnt necessarily set in stone. Wi

24、th a little experimentation, people can reshape their temperaments and inject passion, optimism, joy and courage into their lives A Psychologists have long held that a persons character cannot undergo a transformation in any meaningful way and that the key traits of personality are determined at a v

25、ery young age. However, researchers have begun looking more closely at ways we can change. Positive psychologists have identified 24 qualities we admire, such as loyalty and kindness, and are studying them to find out why they come so naturally to some people. What theyre discovering is that many of

26、 these qualities amount to habitual behaviour that determines the way we respond to the world. The good news is that all this can be learned. Some qualities are less challenging to develop than others, optimism being one of them. However, developing qualities requires mastering a range of skills whi

27、ch are diverse and sometimes surprising. For example, to bring more joy and passion into your life, you must be open to experiencing negative emotions. Cultivating such qualities will help you realise your full potential. B The evidence is good that most personality traits can be altered, says Chris

28、topher Peterson, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, who cites himself as an example. Inherently introverted, he realised early on that as an academic, his reticence would prove disastrous in the lecture hall. So he learned to be more outgoing and to entertain his classes. Now my

29、extroverted behaviour is spontaneous, he says. C David Fajgenbaum had to make a similar transition. He was preparing for university, when he had an accident that put an end to his sports career. On campus, he quickly found that beyond ordinary counselling, the university had no services for students

30、 who were undergoing physical rehabilitation and suffering from depression like him. He therefore launched a support group to help others in similar situations. He took action despite his own pain a typical response of an optimist. D Suzanne Segerstrom, professor of psychology at the University of K

31、entucky, believes that the key to increasing optimism is through cultivating optimistic behaviour, rather than positive thinking. She recommends you train yourself to pay attention to good fortune by writing down three positive things that come about each day. This will help you convince yourself th

32、at favourable outcomes actually happen all the time, making it easier to begin taking action. E You can recognise a person who is passionate about a pursuit by the way they are so strongly involved in it. Tanya Streeters passion is freediving the sport of plunging deep into the water without tanks o

33、r other breathing equipment. Beginning in 1998, she set nine world records and can hold her breath for six minutes. The physical stamina required for this sport is intense but the psychological demands are even more overwhelming. Streeter learned to untangle her fears from her judgment of what her b

34、ody and mind could do. In my career as a competitive freediver, there was a limit to what I could do but it wasnt anywhere near what I thought it was, she says. F Finding a pursuit that excites you can improve anyones life. The secret about consuming passions, though, according to psychologist Paul

35、Silvia of the University of North Carolina, is that they require discipline, hard work and ability, which is why they are so rewarding. Psychologist Todd Kashdan has this advice for those people taking up a new passion: As a newcomer, you also have to tolerate and laugh at your own ignorance. You mu

36、st be willing to accept the negative feelings that come your way, he says. G In 2004, physician-scientist Mauro Zappaterra began his PhD research at Harvard Medical School. Unfortunately, he was miserable as his research wasnt compatible with his curiosity about healing. He finally took a break and

37、during eight months in Santa Fe, Zappaterra learned about alternative healing techniques not taught at Harvard. When he got back, he switched labs to study how cerebrospinal fluid nourishes the developing nervous system. He also vowed to look for the joy in everything, including failure, as this cou

38、ld help him learn about his research and himself. One thing that can hold joy back is a persons concentration on avoiding failure rather than their looking forward to doing something well. Focusing on being safe might get in the way of your reaching your goals, explains Kashdan. For example, are you

39、 hoping to get through a business lunch without embarrassing yourself, or are you thinking about how fascinating the conversation might be? H Usually, we think of courage in physical terms but ordinary life demands something else. For marketing executive Kenneth Pedeleose, it meant speaking out agai

40、nst something he thought was ethically wrong. The new manager was intimidating staff so Pedeleose carefully recorded each instance of bullying and eventually took the evidence to a senior director, knowing his own job security would be threatened. Eventually the manager was the one to go. According

41、to Cynthia Pury, a psychologist at Clemson University, Pedeleoses story proves the point that courage is not motivated by fearlessness, but by moral obligation. Pury also believes that people can acquire courage. Many of her students said that faced with a risky situation, they first tried to calm t

42、hemselves down, then looked for a way to mitigate the danger, just as Pedeleose did by documenting his allegations. Over the long term, picking up a new character trait may help you move toward being the person you want to be. And in the short term, the effort itself could be surprisingly rewarding,

43、 a kind of internal adventure. Questions 14-18 Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet Psychologists have traditionally believed that a personality 14 was impossible and that by a 15 , a person

44、s character tends to be fixed. This is not true according to positive psychologists, who say that our personal qualities can be seen as habitual behaviour. One of the easiest qualities to acquire is 16 . However, regardless of the quality, it is necessary to learn a wide variety of different 17 in o

45、rder for a new quality to develop; for example, a person must understand and feel some 18 in order to increase their happiness. Questions 19-22 Look at the following statements (Questions 19-22) and the list of people below. Match each statement with the correct person, A-G. Write the correct letter

46、, A-G, in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet 19 People must accept that they do not know much when first trying something new. 20 It is important for people to actively notice when good things happen. 21 Courage can be learned once its origins in a sense of responsibility are understood. 22 It is poss

47、ible to overcome shyness when faced with the need to speak in public. List of People A Christopher Peterson B David Fajgenbaum C Suzanne Segerstrom D Tanya Streeter E Todd Kashdan F Kenneth Pedeleose G Cynthia Pury Questions 23-26 Reading Passage 2 has eight sections, A-H. Which section contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet 23 a mention of how