职称英语理综类阅读判断资料答案附后(终审稿).pdf

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1、 职称英语理综类阅读判断资料答案附后 文稿归稿存档编号：KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-MG129 【经典资料，文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，文档，可修改】2015职称英语理综类阅读判断试题【天宇考王】为广大考生归纳总结职称外语最新考试资讯，让考生最先了解职称外语考试报名等有关事项的通知，天宇考王是一款上机练习题库软件，有单机版、网页版、手机版、三位一体多平台学习模式。第六篇 Privacy Worry May Keep HIV21 Patients from Therapy Patients infected with H

2、IV are often concerned about2 the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status.In fact,some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information,according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.Dr.Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and c

3、olleagues from Duke University,Durham,North Carolina3,studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural North Carolina locations.They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward,and experiences with,breaches in confidentiality.“The fear of a breach in

4、confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,”Whetten-Goldstein said.“Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”“Two types of breaches occurred,”Whetten-Goldstein noted.“The first was a more obvious t

5、ype of breach.One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patients child.4”“The other type of breach was more subtle,one that providers might not consider breaches,5”Whetten-Goldstein explained.“This type of breach in

6、volves providers talking about a patients HIV status without the patients knowledge of the interaction.”“The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution,but patients consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,”she

7、 pointed out.“Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,”Whetten-Goldstein said.“They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”“However,because patients are often reluctant to se

8、ek legal action which may further expose their status,they felt that the system should regulate itself,”she added.词汇：privacy/pravsi,prvsi/n.隐私,秘密 breach/bri:t/n.破坏,违反 therapy/erp/n.疗法,治疗 consent/k?nsent/n.答应,允许 confidentiality/knfdenilti/n.保密性 regulate/rejlet/vt.调整 注释：1.HIV(human immunodeficiency vi

9、rus):人类免疫缺陷病毒 2.be concerned about:为而担心（忧虑、烦恼）3.North Carolina：(美国）北卡罗来纳州 4.One example was.with the patients child.例子之一就是某个护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告诉自己的孩子,这个病人是 HIV 阳性的病人。本句中 who 至 the patients child 是 nurse 的定语从句,其中 that her patient was HIV-positive 又是 told 的宾语从句；out of concern(出于担心）是介词短语,作 told

10、的状语；而 that her child would play with the patients child 则是 concern 的同位语从句。5.one that providers might not consider breaches：即医生可能不认为是泄露个人机密的一类。one 是代词,代替 type,作 the other type 的同位语，that 至 breaches 是 one 的定语从句，that 在定语从句中作 consider 的宾语，breaches 是宾语补足语。而 provider 则是指美国经保险公司认可为投保人看病的医生。练习：1.All patients

11、 in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 2.Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 3.Medical workers of

12、 an institution cannot freely provide their HTV-patients information to those of other institutions.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 4.Whether an HIV-infected patient agrees to other(not his)medical workers sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution.A.

13、Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 5.Most patients in the study strongly object to the breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 6.Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 7.Breaches in confid

14、entiality are common in medical circles all over the world.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 答案与题解：1.B 第一段第二句说,“实际上,有些病人如此担心以至于真的要放弃治疗以防止个人隐私被泄露”，这里指的只是 some,而不是 all,故本题是错误的。2.B 第三段第一句说,“担心泄密必定影响 HIV 感染者所接受的治疗”，而本题却说它“与疗效无关”（have nothing to do with)，显然是错误的。3.A 第六段说,“法律允许同一单位的医生共同使用病人资料,其他单位的医生必须征得病人同意

15、才能使用这些资料”，故本题是正确的。4.C 本题说“病人是否同意其他医生使用他们的 HIV 病情资料是宪法赋予的权利之一”，通篇文章只在第六段说必须征得病人同意,而根本没有提到宪法,应属于没有提到的。5.A 本题说“大多数病人强烈反对泄露他们的 HIV 病情”，这与第七段第二句所说的“他们还认为泄密的医生应该受到惩罚”是相一致的,故应是正确的。6.B 本题说“如果发生泄密,许多病人（注意:quite a few 是“相当多”的意思,不是 a few:几个）会坚决扞卫自己的权利”，这与第八段所说的“病人常常不愿意采取法律行动,因为这样会进一步暴露其病情”是不一致的,故应是错误的。7.C 本题说“

16、泄密在世界各国的医务界都是常事”。文章第三段虽然指出大部分调查对象都有类似经历或者认识有过类似经历的人,但并没有提及这种事是否在世界范围内常常发生。译文：对泄漏隐私的担忧影响 HIV 患者接受治疗 HIV 患者经常担心自己的 HIV 阳性特征的保密性。8 月份艾滋护理中的一篇报道说，实际上，一些患者如此担忧以至于真的要放弃治疗以防止个人隐私被泄漏。北卡罗来纳州达勒姆的杜克大学的 Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein 博士及其同事们把本州乡下的 15 名 HIV 患者作为研究对象，研究他们的保密性问题。研究对象被分成若干组，分别用于研究其在保密性这方面的态度、经历及违反情况。“害怕

17、泄漏隐私势必影响 HIV 患者接受治疗，”Whetten-Goldstein 说道，“大多数病人经历过泄密，或知道有人被泄密过。”“泄密者有两个类型，”Whetten-Goldstein 提到，“第一种泄密更为明显。例子之一就是某人护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩，所以就告诉自己的孩子，这个病人是 HIV 阳性的病人。”“第二种泄密更为隐秘，医生可能不认为是泄漏个人机密，”维顿高德斯坦解释说，“这种泄密涉及那些未经患者知晓便讨论其 HIV 情况的医生们。”“法律允许同一单位的医生可以共同使用病人资料，其他单位的医生必须征得病人同一才能使用这些材料。”她指出。“研究表明，当医生与其他医

18、生交流信息时，许多病人想让医生告诉他们且给出原因，”Whetten-Goldstein 说道：“他们还认为泄密的医生应受到惩罚。”“但是由于病人常常不愿意采取法律行动，因为这样会进一步暴露其病情，他们感到这一系统本身需要做出调整。”她补充说。第七篇 Food and Cancer Medical expels have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer.They say a new study provides the first evidence

19、1 that vitamins could reduce a persons chance of developing cancer.A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study.They are from American National Cancer Institute2 and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences3 in Beijing.The Journal of the National Cancer Institute pu

20、blished the results of the study.About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study.They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian.Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years.Linxian was chosen because the people there have all extremel

21、y high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus.Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate.Researchers divided those into eight groups.Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily.The amounts of the vit

22、amins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed.The eighth group received sugar pills4 that had no effect.Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called carotene,vitamin E and the mineral selenium.The vitamin and mine

23、ral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances.Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took carotene,vitamin E and selenium5.They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.Scientists

24、 warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries.They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals.Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years.For now offi

25、cials reportedly are considering using the results of the study.They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China.词汇：esophagus/sfs/n.食道 mixture/mkst(r)/n.混合物；合成品；混合药 fungus/fs/n.菌类 carotene/krti:n/n.胡萝卜素 mold/m?ld/n.霉；霉菌 selenium/sli:nim/n.硒 注释：1.the f

26、irst evidence：第一手证据 2.American National Cancer Institute：美国国家癌症研究所 3.the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences：中国医学科学院癌症研究所 4.sugar pills：糖丸 5.a mixture of a form of vitamin A called carotene,vitamin E and the mineral selenium:一种叫做 胡萝卜素的维生素 A、维生素 E和矿物质硒的混合物 练习:1.The results of

27、the new study are unexpected.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 2.Among the scientists that did the study,there are more Chinese than Americans.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 3.The study lasted for about five years.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 4.The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxia

28、n is the highest in China.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 5.Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 6.All those people who took part in the study received vitamins and minerals.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 7.The

29、 results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 答案与题解:1.B 文章一开头便提到,医学专家们多年来一直怀疑,人们的饮食与癌症有着密切的联系。这项新的研究恰恰证实了这一点。故 B 为答案。2.C 文中说来自中美两家研究所的科学家们共同进行了此项研究,并没有提及具体人数。故 C 为答案。3.A 文章第一段提到大多数实验对象连续 5 年每天服用了各种维生素及矿物质,由此可以得出答案。故 A 为答案。4.C 文章第二段的开头说林县人胃癌及食道癌发

30、病率极高,但并没有说在国内是最高的。故 C 为答案。5A 文章第二段中提到,研究者们认为,此地食物中的真菌和霉菌是癌症发病率高的一个原因。故 A 为答案。6.B 文章第二段中提到,研究者们把实验对象分成 8 组,其中的 7 组每天服用不同的维生素和矿物质混合物,第 8 组服用毫无作用的糖丸。故 B 为答案。7.B 文章最后一段提到,科学家们告诫人们,判断此结果对其他国家的人是否同样有效还为时过早。故 B 为答案。译文：食物和癌症 医学专家们很多年来一直怀疑人们的饮食与癌症有着密切地联系。他们说，一项新的研究提供了第一手证据证明维生素可以降低人患癌症的概率。做这项研究的是一队中美科学家。他们来自

31、美国国家癌症研究所和北京的中国医学科学院癌症研究所。国家癌症研究所杂志发布了这项研究结果。大约 3万 40 岁到 69 岁之间的人参与了这项研究。他们来自中国中北部的林县。他们中大部分人连续五年每天服用维生素和矿物质。选中林县是因为那里的人们患胃癌和食道癌的比例很高。研究者认为，当地食物的真菌和霉菌是癌症发病率高的原因之一。研究者把这些人分为 8 组。其中 7 组每天服用不同的维生素和矿物质混合物。这些维生素和矿物质的量比美国医学官员所说的必需量高一到两倍。第 8 组服用没有任何效力的糖丸。那些获取最多的人服用的是一种就做-胡萝卜素的维生素 A、维生素 E 和矿物质硒的混合物。人们相信维生素和

32、矿物质可以阻止致癌物质破坏细胞。研究者报告，那些服用-胡萝卜素、维生素 E 和硒的人群中患癌率降低了 13%。他们同样发现这个人群中脑溢血死亡率降低了 10%。科学家们警告说，现在还不知道这些效果在别的国家的人群中是否一样。他们指出，林县人吃的食物缺少必要的维生素和矿物质。中国官方将在今后许多年继续记录林县人的健康状况。现在，官方声称在考虑使用这项研究成果，他们希望寻找到一条提高林县和中国其他小村镇人民健康的途径。第八篇 Stomach Ulcer Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people.Doctors have

33、been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers.They could not cure them.Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers.This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain.Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life.So

34、a possible cure is good news for many people.Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears1.These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach2，the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines.Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ul

35、cer.How does a person know he or she has an ulcer Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach3.This pain often is called heartburn.It usually happens before eating or during the night.It causes some people to lose their desire to eat,or they are unable to keep f

36、ood in their stomachs.Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids,which damaged stomach tissue.Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H Pilorie.H Pilorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extr

37、a stomach fluid.Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics.Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs.They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer

38、.The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan,Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if someone in his or her family has had one.In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other peopl

39、e.There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer.Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach.To do this,doctors say,people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol.And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.词汇：ulcer/l

40、s(r)/n.溃疡 heartburn/h:tb:n/n.胃灼热,烧心 tear/te(r)/n.裂缝,破绽,裂口 antibiotic/ntibatk/n.抗生素 intestine/ntestn/n.肠 注释：1.small cuts or tears:小割伤或撕伤 2.the tissue in the stomach：胃内组织 3.feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach：感到心窝或胃部有烧灼痛感 练习：1.In the past,doctors couldnt do anything about stomach ulcers.A.Ri

41、ght B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 2.Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 3.Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 4.Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of experimen

42、ts.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 5.There has been a change in doctors understanding of the cause of stomach ulcers.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 6.Stomach ulcers can lead to stomach cancer.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 7.People who eat a lot of spicy food are also susceptible to stomach ulcers

43、.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 答案与题解：1.B 文章一开头提到,过去,医生们虽然不能治愈胃溃疡,但却可以减轻胃溃疡造成的疼痛。故 B 为答案。2.B 文章第一段中只说发现了一种能引起胃溃疡的病因,这有可能使医生们找到治愈此病的方法,但这只是一种可能性。故 B 为答案。3.A 文章第一段中提到,全世界有 10%的人口迟早会得胃溃疡,故 A 为答案。4.C 文章头两段只是说医生们找到了一种引发胃溃疡的病因,但并没有提及发现这种病因的时间或者过程。故 C 为答案。5.A 文章第二段中提到,过去医生们认为溃疡通常是由浓胃液损伤胃的组织引起的,但现在他们发现,大多数

44、溃疡是由一种叫做伊利克贝克特皮洛利或 H皮洛利的细菌微生物引起的。故 A 为答案。6.A 文章第二段的结尾部分提到,治愈胃溃疡将减少臂痛的发病率,由此可以推断胃溃疡会诱发胃癌。故 A 为答案。7.C 文章最后一段只是说要避免胃溃疡应当不吸烟、不喝酒,并没有提到是否应当少吃或者不吃辛辣食物。故 C 为答案。译文：胃溃疡 胃溃疡对很多人来说是导致胃剧痛的原因。医生们早已能够帮助减轻胃溃疡导致的疼痛，但他们不能完全治愈病人。现在医生们发现了一个导致胃溃疡的原因。这就意味着他们可以找到治愈胃痛患者的途径。研究表明，10%的人在一生中会患胃溃疡。因此有可能的治愈方法对很多人而言是个好消息。溃疡是胃里近似

45、于小割伤或撕伤的伤口。这些伤口会破坏胃内组织和把食物送到胃或小肠的通道。胃中的液体会加剧溃疡导致的疼痛。一个人怎么能够知道自己是否患了胃溃疡呢？医生说大部分胃溃疡患者感到胸或胃部有灼热的痛感。这种疼痛叫做胃灼热。它通常出现在饭前或夜里。它致使一些人失去食欲，或使他们无法使食物存在胃里。医生们过去认为胃溃疡是由破坏胃组织特别强烈地胃液流动导致的。现在他们发现大部分胃溃疡是由一种叫作伊利克贝克特皮洛利或 H.皮洛利的细菌微生物导致的。H.皮洛利细菌使胃分泌多余的胃液。医生们发现他们月用抗生素杀死这些细菌。健康专家说发现治愈胃溃疡的疗法可以省掉几十亿美元医疗费用。他们也确信治愈胃溃疡可以减少患胃癌的

46、人数。在日本、东南亚和非洲一些地区，患胃癌的人很多。医生说，如果一个人家庭中有胃溃疡患者，那么他就更有可能换胃溃疡。实际上有胃溃疡家族史的人患此病的可能性比其他人高三倍。人们又几种方法可以预防胃溃疡。医生们说减少胃中的胃液更为重要。医生说要做到这一点，人们应该不抽烟不喝酒。他们还说人们应该减轻生活的紧张程度。第九篇 What Is a Dream?For centuries,people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about.Some psychologists say that this nighttime

47、activity of the mind has no special meaning.Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives.In fact,many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a persons mind and emotions.Before modern times,many people thought that dreams contained messages from God.It was only in the tw

48、entieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist,Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically.In his famous book,The interpretation of Dreams(1900),Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a persons wishes.He believe

49、d that dreams allow people to express the feelings,thoughts,and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freuds.Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams.Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to t

50、he dreamer.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.For example,people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves.On the other hand,people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves