仁爱版英语八年级上册知识点总结.pdf

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1、 目录 Unit1 Topic1.1【重点单词】.1【重点短语】.1【重点句型】.2【考点详解】.3【重点语法】.5 Topic2.7【重点单词】.7 1.词形转换.7(2)过去式.7(3)其它.8【重点短语】.8【重点句型】.10【考点详解】.11【交际用语】.13 1.请求和回答.13 2.道歉和回答.13 Topic3.14【重点短语】.14【重点句型】.15【考点详解】.16【交际用语】.17 Unit2 Topic1.18【重点短语】.18【重点句型】.20【重点语法】.23 Topic2.24【重点短语】.24【重点句型】.25【重点语法】.26 Topic3.27【重点短语】.2

2、7【重点句型】.29【重点语法】.31 Unit3 Topi1.33【重点短语】.33【重点句型】.33【重点语法】.36 Topic2.40【重点短语】.40【重点句型】.40【重点语法】.42 Topic3.43【重点短语】.43【重点句型】.44【重点语法】.45 Unit 4 Topic1.46【重点短语】.46【重点句型】.46【重点语法】.47 一.形容词的比较级和最高级的构成.47 二.形容词的比较级和最高级的用法.48 Topic2.49【重点短语】.49【重点句型】.50【重点语法】.50 Topic3.51【重点短语】.51【重点句型】.52【重点语法】.53 Unit1

3、Topic1【重点单词】1.healthy(同义词)fit(名词)health 2.win(过去式)won(名词)winner 3.ski(现在分词)skiing 4.famous(比较级)more famous 5.arrive(同义词)reach 6.leave(过去式)left 7.popular(最高级)most popular 【重点短语】1.during the summer holidays 在暑假期间 2.betweenand在两者之间 3.cheer sb.on 为某人加油 4.prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事 5.quite a bit/a lot 很多 6.

4、plan to do sth.计划做某事 7.have a skating club 举办滑雪俱乐部 8.go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑 车/爬山/远足 9.arrive in/at到达 10.play against与对抗/较量 11.for long 很久 12.leave for动身去 13.the day after tomorrow 后天 14.Chinas national team 中国国家队 15.play baseball 打棒球 16.at least 至少 17.What a shame!多羞愧！1

5、8.be good at 善于做某事 19.take part in 参加 20.all over the world 全世界 21.be good for 对有益 22.a good way 一种好方法 23.keep fit/healthy 保持健康 24.relax oneself 放松某人自己【重点句型】1.Whats your favorite sport?=What sport do you like best?你最喜爱的运动是什么?2.Which sport do you prefer?=Which sport do you like better?你更喜欢什么运动?I pref

6、er skating.=I like skating better.我更喜欢滑雪.3.Do you skate much?=Do you often skate?你常滑雪吗?4.She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day.每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.5.She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping.她棒球打得相当好而且擅长于跳.6.What kind of sports do you like?=Which sport do you like?你喜欢哪

7、种运动?7.Would you like to come and cheer us on?你愿意来为我们加油吗？8.What are you going to be when you grow up?当你长大后做什么？9.There is going to be a school sports meet next month.下月有一场运动会。【考点详解】1.see sb.do sth “看见某人做了某事”强调动作的全过程；see sb.doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”强调动作正在进行。如：I saw her go across the street.我看见她过了马路。I saw h

8、er going across the street.我看见她正在过马路。2.join sb.表示“加入某人的行列”“和某人在一起”join+组织 表示“加入某个组织”take part in 表示“参加某个活动”如：Will you join us?I will join the skiing club.She is planning to take part in the high jump.3.arrive in+大地点 arrive at+小地点 get to+地点=reach+地点 如：My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.I arrived a

9、t the Great Wall.=I got to the Great Wall.=I reached the Great Wall.注意：reach here/there/home=get here/there/home=arrive here/there/home 4.leave 离开 leave for 动身去/离开到 如：They are leaving Beijing tomorrow.明天他们要离开北京。They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.后天他们要前往日本。5.a few“几个，一些”修饰可数名词 a little

10、“一点点”修饰不数名词 如：There are a few eggs in the basket.There is a little water in the bottle.6.how long 表示“多久(时间)”;提问时间段.how often 表示“多常;多久一次”;提问时间的频率.如:They will stay in Beijing for a week.How long will they stay in Beijing?He plays basketball twice a week.How often does he play basketball?7.be good at(d

11、oing)sth.=do well in(doing)sth.擅长于(做)某事 如：She is good at(playing)baseball.=She does well in(playing)baseball.8.make sth/sb+adj.使某物(某人)在某种状态 keep sth/sb+adj.保持某物(某人)在某种状态 如：Playing soccer can make your body strong.Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.【重点语法】一般将来时 1.be going to 结构 表示主

12、语计划、打算做某事。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用 be going to 表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。Im going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。表预测，指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。Look at those clouds.Its going to rain.瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！2.will+动词原形 表示单纯的将来事实，

13、常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow,soon,later,next time(week/month/year)等连用。will not=wont;缩略形式为ll.表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。-Please put your things away,Tom.汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。-Im sorry.Ill do it right away.对不起。我马上就去做。表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。Im sure our team will win next time.我确信下次我们队会赢。Maybe she will go to th

14、e gym.也许她会去体育馆。表示许诺。Ill do better next time.下次我会做得更好的。Ill visit you tomorrow.明天我会去看你的。句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句：I/She/He/They wont go to play baseball soon.一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?回答：Yes,I/she/he/they will.No,I/she/he/they wont.3.动词 plan,come,

15、go,leave 等瞬时动词用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。Im coming.我就来。He is leaving for Shanghai.他将到上海去。We are going to Beijing.我们将去北京。Topic2 【重点单词】1.词形转换(1)adj.+ly adv.loud loudly soft softly quiet quietly clear clearly angry angrily easy easily(2)过去式 fall fell break broke lose lost throw threw feel felt (3)其它 ill(同义词)sick(名

16、词)illness start(同义词)begin far(反义词)near smoke(现在分词)smoking careless(反义词)careful important(比较级)more important enjoy(现在分词)enjoying 9.invent(名词)invention;inventor indoor(反义词)outdoor century(复数)centuries coach(复数)coaches feel(名词)feeling tiring(近义词)tired【重点短语】1.have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛 2.fall ill 病倒了 3.

17、be a little far from 离有点远 4.right away=at once 立刻;马上 5.miss a good chance 错过一个好机会 6.get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分 7.shame on sb.为某人感到羞耻 8.do ones best 尽某人的力 9.say sorry to sb.对某人说抱歉 10.be sure to do sth.确定做某事 11.be angry with 生某人的气 12.with ones help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助下 13.serve food 上菜 14.turn up/

18、down 调高/低（音量）15.keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事 16.in a minute 一分钟后；马上 17.on the phone 在电话中 18.take a seat 就坐 19.never mind 不要紧 20.a lot of traveling 一系列旅行 21.love/enjoy doing sth.喜爱做某事 22.have a very exciting life 过着非常兴奋的生活 23.as well 也 24.throwinto 把投进 25.follow/obey the rules 遵守规则 26.over a century la

19、ter 一个多世纪后 27.more and more people 越来越多的人 28.feel tired 感到疲劳 29.instead of 替代 30.ask sb.to do sth.叫某人做某事 31.make a plan for sb.为某人订一份计划 32.build up 增进;增强 33.have fun doing sth.乐于做.做某事 34.be important to 对于.来说是重要 35.in a minute/at once/right away 立刻/马上【重点句型】1.Could you please do me a favor?=Could you

20、 help me?=Could you give me a hand?你能帮我吗？2.Would you mind teaching me?=Would you please teach me?你教我好吗？3.Would you mind not smoking here?你不要在这里抽烟好吗？4.You are always so careless.你总是这样粗心大意.5.Im very sorry for what I said.我为所说感到到道歉。6.We are sure to win next time 下次，我们一定回赢。7.Let me buy you a new one.=Le

21、t me buy a new one for you.让我为你买一个新的。8.He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather.他为他的学生们发明了一 项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。9.And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。10.I have great fun running and I feel well and look fit 我总是快乐地跑步和我感到很好，

22、看上去很健康。【考点详解】1.ill 与 sick 都表示“生病的”,ill 只能作表语，而 sick 既可作表语也可作定语。The man is ill/sick.那个男人病了.(作表语)He is a sick man.他是个病人.(作定语)2.Would you mind(not)doing sth?表示“(不)做某事介意/好吗?”Would you mind coming and checking it?来修理它好吗?Would you mind not smoking here?不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?3.one of+名词复数，表示“其中之一”,主语是 one，表单数。One o

23、f my teammates is strong and tall.其中我的一个队友又高又壮。4.miss 错过，思念，遗失 I missed the last bus yesterday.昨天我错过最后一班车.He missed his mother.他想念他的母亲.My God!I missed(=lost)my key.天啊!我把钥匙弄丢了.5.be sure to do sth.=be sure that+句子 “确定做某事”We are sure to win next time.=We are sure that we will win next time.我们确信下次一定会赢。6

24、.be sorry for“为某事抱歉”be sorry to do sth.=be sorry(that)+句子“很抱歉做了某事”I am very sorry for what I said.我为我所说的话感到抱歉。Im sorry I lost your book.=Im sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。7.tired adj.“（感到）疲惫的”,主语是人。如：I feel tired today.今天我感到累了.tiring adj.“令人疲劳的”,主语是事物 如：This job is tiring.这份工作令人疲惫.类似的有:excited 感到兴

25、奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的 8.15-year-old “15 岁的”；15 years old “15 岁”如：He is a 15-year-old boy.=The boy is 15 years old.9.instead“替代，相反”,一般单独使用，放在句末，前面用逗号隔开。instead of“替代;而不是”I wont go to Shanghai.Ill go to Beijing,instead.我不会去上海而会去北京。=Ill go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.I d

26、rank a lot of milk instead of water.我喝了许多牛奶而不是水。10.have fun doing sth.=enjoy doing sth.表示“从做.中获得乐趣”如：I have great fun running.=I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。【交际用语】1.请求和回答 Requests(请求)Responses（回答）Could you please do me a favor?Sure.What is it?Will you join us?Id be glad to.Would you mind teaching me

27、?Not at all.Lets go and practice.2.道歉和回答 Apologies（道歉）Responses（回答）Im sorry I didnt call you last night.Never mind.I guess you were busy last night.Im sorry Im late for class.Thats OK.Please take a seat.Im sorry I lost your book.It doesnt matter.That book isnt important to me.Im sorry I broke your p

28、en.Dont worry.I have another pen.Topic3 【重点短语】1.join the English club 加入英语俱乐部 2.host the 2008 Olympics 举办 2008 年奥运会 3.fill out 填出/填好 4.go on 发生，进行 5.all the interesting places 所有有趣的地方 6.quite a lot 相当多 7.make friends with 与交朋友 8.be afraid of 恐怕 9.be free 有空 10.see you then 再见 11.win the first gold m

29、edal 赢得第一枚金牌 12.get 28 gold medals 获得 28 枚金牌 13.the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的获胜者 14.every four years 每四年，每隔三年 15.the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会的吉祥物 16.behave well 举止得体 17.improve the environment 改善环境 18.plant trees and grass 种植花草树木 19.a symbol of 一种的象征 20.stand for 代表 21.the f

30、ive parts of the world 世界的五大部分 22.do morning exercises 做早操 23.be fond of(doing)sth.喜欢(做)某事【重点句型】1.Could you tell me your name?你能告诉我你的名字吗?=Whats your name?2.What do you do?=Whats your job?=What are you?你是干什么的?3.Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics.北京将主办 2008 年奥运会。4.More and more foreign friends ride i

31、n my taxi(=take my taxi)now.现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车.5.Speaking English will help me a lot.说英语将对我有很大帮助。6.Please fill it out.请把它填好.7.What will the weather be like this weekend?=How will the weather be this weekend?本周末的天气怎样?8.There will be more roads in Beijing.在北京将会有更多的马路.9.When shall we meet?我们什么时候见面？10.Le

32、ts make it half past six.咱们把时间定在六点半吧。【考点详解】1.fill out+名词“填好”fill+名词/代词+out 如：Please fill out this form.=Please fill this form out.请填好这张表格。Please fill it/them out.(当宾语是代词时,只能放中间)请把它(们)填好。2.be afraid“恐怕”指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.be afraid of“害怕(做)”如：Im afraid I wont be free.我恐怕没有空。He is afraid of dogs.他害怕狗。They a

33、re afraid of losing the game.他们害怕输了比赛.3.may be“可能是”may 是情态动词 maybe“或许;可能”maybe 是副词 如：He may be a teacher.=Maybe he is a teacher.他可能是一名老师。He may know her name.=Maybe he knows her name.他可能知道她的名字。4.between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者以上当中 如：The answer is between A and B.答案在 A 和 B 之间。The winner is among of us.获胜者

34、在我们当中。5.There be 句型的一般将来时 正：There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.=There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.误：There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.=There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.【交际用语】提建议的句型：Would

35、 you like to go hiking with us?你想和我们一起去远足吗?What/How about going hiking with us?和我们一起去远足怎么样?Why dont you go hiking with us?你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?Why not go hiking with us?为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?Lets go hiking.让我们一起去远足吧!Would you mind going hiking with us?你介意和我们一起去远足吗?Would you please go hiking with us?和我们一起去远足好吗?Uni

36、t2 Topic1 【重点短语】1.have a cold/a toothache/a fever/a cough/a backache/a stomachache/a sore throat/the flu/sore eyes 感冒/牙疼/发烧/咳嗽/背疼胃疼/咽喉发炎/流感/眼疼 2.take a rest=have a rest 休息 3.not read for too long 不要看书太久 4.boiled water 开水 5.stay in bed 卧病在床，躺在床上 6.have a good sleep 好好睡一觉 7.feel terrible 感觉难受 8.day an

37、d night 日日夜夜 9.Youd better=You had better 你最好 10.not so well 很不好 11.not too bad 没什么大碍 12.much better 好多了 13.go to see a doctor 去看病 14.take/have some medicine 吃药 15.taketo 把带到 16.send-to 把送到 17.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 18.lie down 躺下 19.look after=take care of 照看，照顾 20.brush teeth 刷牙 21.have an acci

38、dent 发生一次意外/事故 22.dont worry 别担心 23.worry about 担心 24.nothing serious 没什么严重，没什么大碍 25.check over 诊断，仔细检查 26.thank you for 因而感谢你 27.buyfor 为买 28.not-until 直到才 29.ice cream 冰淇淋 30.bothand .和都是.31.take some cold pills 吃感冒药 32.plenty of 许多，大量【重点句型】1.Whats wrong with you/him/her?你/他/她怎么了？=Whats the matter

39、 with.?=Whats the trouble with.?2.You should see a dentist.你应该去看牙医。这是一种表达建议的句子。还可以用以下句式：youd better(not).how/what about.why not/dont you.3.Im sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。（这是表示同情别人的句子。）4.You look pale.你看起来很苍白。（1）在英语中表示气色不好，苍白，用 pale（2）“look”在这里译作“看起来”，作连系动词，后接形容词。与 look 用法相同的连系动词还有 tast，sound，smell

40、，feel。如：The soup tastes very delicious.这汤尝起来真香。Your voice sound nice.你的声音听起来很动人。The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。The silk feels smooth 丝绸摸起来很光滑。5.-Shall I take you to the hospital?我送你去医院吧？-No,thank you.不用，谢谢。6.Ill take some medicine and see how it goes.我打算先吃药看看情况再说。“goes”在这里指事情的进展。“it”用来代指病情。如：How i

41、s everything going?一切进展如何？Everything is going well.一切进展顺利。7.Youd better drink hot tea with honey.你最好喝加蜂蜜的热茶。tea with honey 加了蜂蜜的茶，with 表示一种伴随状态。类似的表达还有：some coffee with sugar and milk 加了牛奶和糖的咖啡 some tea without sugar 不加糖的茶 8.Michael had an accident yesterday.昨天迈克发生了事故。had an accident 发生了事故 9.But my

42、left leg still hurts when I move it.可是当我挪动脚时，还是有点儿疼。句中“hurt”译为“疼痛”，作不及物动词。后不可接宾语。10.Your X-rays show its nothing serious.你的 X 光照片显示没什么严重的问题。nothing serious 没什么严重的 nothing，something，anything 等不定代词，被形容词修饰时，形容词位于其后。11.Stay in bed and dont move your leg too much.躺在床上，不要总是挪动你的腿。12.Michaels friends bought

43、 some chocolate for him.迈克的朋友给他买了一些巧克力。buy sth for sb.双宾语的运用。使用双宾语时，在人宾前需要使用介词，有时用“to”有时用“for”，这与动词本身有关，表示动词的方向，多用“to”，表示动词的目的，多用“for”give sth to sb.pass sth to sb.bring sth to sb.take sth to sb.cook sth for sb.buy sth for to sb.13.but I couldnt read them until today.但是直到今天我才读了它们。not.until.直到.才.unti

44、l 在肯定句动词一般用延续性动词，在否定句中动词一般为短暂性动词。如：He will wait for his father until ten oclock.他将等他父亲一直到 10 点钟。He wont leave until his father comes.他直到他父亲回来才离 开。【重点语法】1.had better 的形式和用法 1）固定短语 had better 具有情态意义，也可以看作情态动词。译为“最好”，它只有一种形式，没有人称和数的变化，后常跟动词原形，是给人提出建议的一种方式。如：You had better go to see the doctor.你最好去看医生。Y

45、oud better eat a lot of fruit and drink plenty of water.你最好多吃水果，多喝水。2）Had better 的否定结构为 had better not。如：Youd better not eat hot food.你最好别吃辛辣的食物。Youd better not work today.你今天最好别工作。2.shall 的用法 1）作助动词时，英式英语中表示将来，可与第一人称连用，但在口语中所有人称都用 will。如：I shall/will be in New York this time next week.下周这个时候我就在纽约了。

46、注意：美语则不管什么人称，一律用 will。2）作情态动词时表征询意见，用于第一人称的疑问句中。如：Shall I take you to the hospital?要不要我带你去医院？What shall we do this weekend?这个周末我们要作什么呢？Topic2 【重点短语】1.stay up late 熬夜 2.be bad for 对.有害 3.be good for 对.有益 4.too much 太多，过分 5.do morning exercises 做早操 6.keep long fingernails 留长指甲 7.play sports right 进行适当

47、的体育锻炼 8.go to school without breakfast 不吃早餐去上学 9.have a bath 洗澡 10.take a fresh breath 呼吸新鲜空气 11.read.about.读关于.12.Renai English Post 仁爱英语报 13.ask sb to do 叫某人做某事 14.give up 放弃 15.read in the sun 在太阳底下看书 16.throw litter about 乱扔垃圾 17.on the lawn 在草坪上 18.put.into.把.放进.19.exercise on an empty stomach

48、空腹锻炼 20.get into 进入 21.keep the air clean and fresh 保持空气清新 22.wash hands before meals 饭前洗手 23.potato chips 炸薯条【重点句型】1.Staying up late is bad for your health.熬夜有害健康。1）stay up late 熬夜 2）be bad for 对.有害。类似的短语还有：be good for 对.有好处 3）staying up late is.动名词作主语。当我们需要一个动词充当主语时，常用此动词的动名词（即 doing）形式。如：Playing

49、basketball is good for your heath.打篮球对你的身体有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.躺在床上看书对眼睛有害。Swimming is my hobby.游泳是我的爱好。2.It will keep you active during the day.它会使你在白天保持活力。keep sth/sb.+adj.保持某物/某人在某种状态。如：keep your fingersails clean 保持你的指甲干净。keep our streets clean 让街道保持干净。3.Different foods help u

50、s in different ways.不同的食物对我们有不同的作用.in different ways 译为“用不同的方式”。4.If we eat too littele or too much food.如果我们吃太少或太多食物.little 少得几乎没有，表否定，修饰不可数名词。a little 有一些，表示肯定，修饰不可数名词。与 little，a little 类似的用法的还有 few，a few。few 少得几乎没有，表否定，修饰可数名词。a few 有一些，表示肯定，修饰可数名词。5.Walking is good exercise and it is necessary fo