12月四级真题(1).doc

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1、12月大年夜学英语四级检验真题一PartWriting(30minutes)Directions；Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheimpactoftheInternetonlearningandthenexplainwhyeducationdoesntsimplymeanlearningtoobtaininformation.YoushouldwriteatleastIWwordshutn

2、omorethan180words.OnceIlearnhowtouseGoogle,isntthatalltheeducationIreallyneed?留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,youwillhearHshortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillheaskedaboutwhatmssaid.Boththecon

3、versationandthequestions11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,YoumustreadthechoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A)Thewomanisnowworkinginakindergarten.B)

4、Themanwillsoonstartabusinessofhisown.C)Themanwouldliketobeahighschoolteacher.D)Thewomanisgoingtomajorinchildeducation.2.A)Thefurniturehastoberearranged.B)Thesoundequipmenthastobesetup.C)Theconferenceroomhastobecleaned.D)Thevideomachinehastobechecked.3.A)Sheisexhausted.C)Shecannotfinishworkintime.B)S

5、heisnear-sighted.D)Shecannotgostraighthome.4.A)Thewomanistooparticularaboutfood.B)Hewouldratherhaveamealanhourlater.C)Thewomanshouldorderherfoodquickly.D)Heusuallyprefersice-creamtosandwiches.5.A)Heisnotagoodmechanic.B)Hedoesntkeephispromises.C)Hespendshissparetimedoingrepairs.D)Heisalwaysreadytooff

6、erhelptoothers.6.A)Samhasabigfamilytosupport.B)Samisnotinterestedintraveling.C)Thepayofferedbythetravelagencyistoolow.D)Theworkhoursinthetravelagencyaretoolong.7.A)Internationaltrade.B)Productdevelopment.C)Financialconsulting.D)Domesticretailing.8.A)Goonabusinesstrip.B)LookforajobinMiami.C)Makeatick

7、etreservation.D)TakeavacationQuestions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)ItislocatedonRoute18.B)Ithasaninterestingmuseum.C)Itisabeautifullittletown.D)ItliessevenmileseastofNewton.10. A)Theyareinoppositedirections.B)Theyarefifty-fivemilesapart.C)Theyarequiteclosetoeachother.D)Theyarea

8、longdrivefromNorwalk.11.A)TheyareconnectedbyRouteC)Theyhavelotsofoldhouses.B)Theyarecrowdedwithtourists.D)Theyhavemanyrareplants.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)BringhimuptodateonthecurrentsituationinMilan.B)InformhimofthearrangementsforhistripinItaly.C)Fetchthedocument

9、ssignedbyMr.Gartner.D)AccompanyMr.GartnertotheLinateairport13.A)About8:30.C)About5:30.B)About6:30.D)About4:15.14.A)Mr.GartnerfromMilan.C)ThecompanyssalesrepresentativeB)GianniRivaatMegastarD)GavinfromtheChamberofCommerce15.A)Travelagent.C)Secretary.B)Businessmanager.D)SaleswomanSectionBDirections；In

10、thissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.留心：

11、此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A)Shehadadesiretohelpothers.C)Sheneededsomeoverseasexperience.B)Shewantedtofindoutmoreaboutit.D)Shewasinterestedinfarming.17.A)Carryoutaculturalexchangeprogram.C)LearnPortuguese.B)Workonanagriculturalproject.D)TeachEngl

12、ish.18.A)Shefounditdifficulttosecureajobinherowncountry.B)ShewantedtorenewhercontactwiththePeaceCorps.C)ShewasinvitedtoworkasanEnglishteacher.D)Shecouldnotgetthecountryoutofhermind.19.A)ByteachingadditionalEnglishclasses.B)BywritingstoriesforAmericannewspapers.C)ByworkingparttimeforthePeaceCorps.D)B

13、ydoingoddjobsforlocalinstitutions.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A)Timespentexercising.C)Timespentonleisureactivities.B)Timespentworking.D)Timespentwithfriendsandfamily.21.A)Reading.C)Eatingout.B)SurfingtheWeb.D)WatchingTV.22.A)Driving.C)Goingtothepub.B)Gardening.D)

14、Visitingfriends.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Thecardriverwastryingtoavoidhittingarabbit.B)Thecardriverwaspartlyresponsiblefortheaccident.C)McLaughlinwastalkingtohismanagerwhiledriving.D)McLaughlinscarelessnessresultedinthecollision.24. A)Hecrashedintoacarparke

15、dthere.C)Hetoredownthecompanysmaingate.B)Heknockeddownseveralmailboxes.D)Hedidseriousdamagetoaloadedtruck.25.A)Hewilllosehisjob.C)Hewillbefinedheavily.B)Hewillhavetopaydamages.D)Hewillreceiveretraining.SectionCDirections：Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime

16、,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。WhenCaptainCookaskedthechiefsinTahitiwhytheyalwaysate26_,the

17、yreplied,Becauseitisright.IfweaskAmericanswhytheyeatwithknivesandforks,orwhytheirmenwearpants27skirts,orwhytheymaybemarriedtoonlyonepersonatatime,wearelikelytoget28andveryuninformativeanswers:Becauseitsright.Becausethatsthewayitsdone.Becauseitsthe29OrevenIdontknow.Thereasonfortheseandcountlessotherp

18、atternsofsocialbehavioristhattheyare30bysocialnorms-sharedrulesorguidelineswhichprescribethebehaviorthatisappropriateinagivensituation.Norms31howpeopleoughttobehaveunderparticularcircumstancesinaparticularsociety.Weconform(遵守tonormssoreadilythatwearehardlyawarethey32Infact,wearemuchmorelikelytonotic

19、e33fromnormsthanconformitytothem.Youwouldnotbesurprisedifastrangertriedtoshakehandswhenyouwereintroduced,butyoumightbealittle34iftheybowed,startedtostrokeyou,orkissedyouonboth35Yeteachofthe搜索引擎优化therformsofgreetingisappropriateinotherpartsoftheworld.Whenwevisitanothersocietywhosenormsaredifferent,we

20、quicklybecomeawarethatthingswedothisway,theydothatway.PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.

21、Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter,PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdoesittaketobeawell-trainednurse?Theanswerusedtobetwo-yearassociatesorfour

22、-yearbachelorsdegreeprograms.Butasthenursingshortage36,agrowingnumberofschoolsandhospitalsareestablishingfast-trackprogramsthatenablecollegegraduateswithnonursing37tobecomeregisterednurseswithonlyayearorsoof38training.In1991.therewereonly40fast-trackcurricula;nowtherearemorethan200.TypicalisColumbia

23、UniversitysEntrytoPracticeprogram.Studentsearntheirbachelorofscienceinnursinginayear.Thosewhostayonforan39twoyearscanearnamastersdegreethat40themasnursepractitioners(执业护士orclinicalnursespecialists.Manystudentsarerecent41;othersarecareerswitchers.RudyGuardron,32,a2004graduateofColumbiasprogram,wasapr

24、emedicalstudentincollegeandthenworkedforapharmaceutical(药物的researchcompany.AtColumbia,hewas42asanursepractitioner.Isawthatnurseswereinhigh43anditlookedlikeareallygoodopportunity,hesaysAlso,Ididntwanttobeinschoolforthatlong.Thefast-tracktrendfillsaneed,butitsalsocreatingsome44betweennewcomersandveter

25、ans.Nursesthatarestillatthebedside45thesekidswithsuspicion,saysLindaPellico,whohastaughtnursingatYaleUniversityfor18years.Theywonder,howcantheydoitquicker?Theansweristheydont.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。AadditionalFexploresKspecializedBappliedGgraduatesLtensionCdemandHoperationsMtrainedDexcessiveIpromoteNview

26、EexperienceJqualifiesOworsensSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answ

27、erthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Theri搜索引擎优化fthesharingeconomyLastnight40000peoplerentedaccommodationfromaservicethatoffers250000roomsin30000citiesin192countries.Theychosetheirroomsandpaidforeverythingonline.Buttheirbedswereprovidedbyprivateindividuals,ratherthanahotelchai

28、n.HostsandguestswerematchedupbyAirbnb,afirmbasedinSanFrancisco.Sinceitslaunchin2008morethan4millionpeoplehaveusedit-2.5millionofthemin2012alone.Itisthemostprominentexampleofahugenewsharingeconomy,inwhichpeoplerentbeds,cars,boatsandotherassetsdirectlyfromeachother,co-ordinateviatheinternet.A)Youmight

29、thinkthisisnodifferentfromrunningabed-and-breakfast(家庭旅店),owningatimeshare(分时度假房orparticipatinginacarpool.Buttechnologyhasreducedtransactioncosts,makingsharingassetscheaperandeasierthaneverandthereforepossibleonamuchlargerscale.Thebigchangeistheavailabilityofmoredataaboutpeopleandthings,whichallowsp

30、hysicalassetstobedividedandconsumedasservices.Beforetheinternet,rentingasurfboard,apowertooloraparkingspacefromsomeoneelsewasfeasible,butwasusuallymoretroublethanitwasworth.NowwebsitessuchasAirbnb,RelayRidesandSnapGoodsmatchupownersandrenters；smartphoneswithGPSletpeopleseewherethenearestrentablecari

31、sparked;socialnetworksprovideawaytocheckuponpeopleandbuildtrust;andonlinepaymentsystemshandlethebilling.Whatsmineisyours,forafeeB)Justaspeer-to-peerbusinesseslikeeBayallowanyonetobecomearetailer,sharingsitesletindividualsactasanadhoc(临时的taxiservice,car-hirefirmorboutiquehotel(精品旅店asandwhenitsuitsthe

32、m.Justgoonlineordownloadanapp.Themodelworksforitemsthatareexpensivetobuyandarewidelyownedbypeoplewhodonotmakefullu搜索引擎优化fthem.Bedroomsandcarsarethemostobviousexamples,butyoucanalsorentcampingspacesinSweden,fieldsinAustraliaandwashingmachinesinFrance.Asadvocatesofthesharingeconomyliketoputit,accesstr

33、umps胜过ownership.C)RachelBotsman,theauthorofabookonthesubject,saystheconsumerpeer-to-peerrentalmarketaloneisworth$26billion.Broaderdefinitionsofthesharingeconomyincludepeer-to-peerlendingorputtingasolarpanelonyourroofandsellingpowerbacktothegrid(电网.Anditisnotjustindividuals;thewebmakesiteasierforcomp

34、aniestorentoutspareofficesandidlemachines,too.Butthecoreofthesharingeconomyispeoplerentingthingsfromeachother.D)Suchcollaborative(合作的consumptionisagoodthingforseveralreasons.Ownersmakemoneyfromunderusedassets.AirbnbsayshostsinSanFranciscowhorentouttheirhomesdosoforanaverageof58nightsayear,making$930

35、0.CarownerswhorenttheirvehiclestoothersusingRelayRidesmakeanaverageof$250amonth；somemakemorethan$1000.Renters,meanwhile,paylessthantheywouldiftheyboughttheitemthemselves,orturnedtoatraditionalprovidersuchasahotelorcar-hirefirm.Andthereareenvironmentalbenefits,too:rentingacarwhenyouneedit,ratherthano

36、wningone,meansfewercarsarerequiredandfewerresourcesmustbedevotedtomakingthem.E)Forsociablesouls,meetingnewpeoplebystayingintheirhomesispartofthecharm.Curmudgeons(低性情的人whoimaginethateveryrenterisamurderercanstillstayatconventionalhotels.Forothers,thewebfosterstrust.Aswellasthebackgroundcheckscarriedo

37、utbyplatformowners,onlinereviewsandratingsareusuallypostedbybothpartiestoeachtransaction,whichmakesiteasytospotbaddrivers,bathrobe-thievesandsurfboard-wreckers.ByusingFacebookandothersocialnetworks,participantscancheckeachotheroutandidentifyfriends(orfriendsoffriends)incommon.AnAirbnbuserhadherapart

38、menttrashedin2011.Buttheremarkablethingishowwellthesystemusuallyworks.PeeringintothefutureF)Theshyingeconomyisalittlelikeonlineshopping,whichstartedinAmerica15yearsago.Atfirst,peoplewereworriedaboutsecurity.Buthavingmadeasuccessfulpurchasefrom,say,Amazon,theyfeltsafebuyingelsewhere.Similarly,usingAi

39、rbnboracar-hireserviceforthefirsttimeencouragespeopletotryotherofferings.Next,considereBay.Havingstartedoutasapeer-to-peermarketplace,itisnowdominatedbyprofessional“powersellers(manyofwhomstartedoutasordinaryeBayusers).Thesamemayhappenwiththesharingeconomy,whichalsoprovidesnewopportunitiesforenterpr

40、ise.Somepeoplehaveboughtcarssolelytorentthemout,forexample.G)Existingrentalbusinessesaregettinginvolvedtoo.Avis,acar-hirefirm,hasashareinasharingrival.SodoGMandDaimler,twocarmakers,infuture,companiesmaydevelophybrid混淆的models,listingexcesscapacity(whethervehicles，equipmentorofficespace)onpeer-to-peer

41、rentalsites.Inthepast,newwaysofdoingthingsonlinehavenotdisplacedtheoldwaysentirely.Buttheyhaveoftenchangedthem.JustasinternetshoppingforcedWal-martandTescotoadapt,soonlinesharingwillshakeuptransport,tourism,equipment-hireandmore.H)Themainworryisregulatoryuncertainty.Willroom-rentersbesubjecttohotelt

42、axes,forexample?InAmsterdamofficialsareusingAirbnblistingstotrackdownunlicensedhotels.InsomeAmericancities,peer-to-peertaxiserviceshavebeenbannedafterlobbyingbytraditionaltaxifirms.Thedangeristhatalthoughsomerulesneedtobeupdatedtoprotectconsumersfromharm,existingrentalbusinesseswilltrytodestroycompe

43、tition.Peoplewhorentoutroomsshouldpaytax,ofcourse,buttheyshouldnotberegulatedlikeaRitz-Carltonhotel.Thelighterrulesthattypicallygovernbed-and-breakfastsaremorethanadequate.I)Thesharingeconomyisthelatestexampleoftheinternetsvaluetoconsumers.Thisemergingmodelisnowbiganddisruptive(颠覆性的enoughforregulato

44、rsandcompaniestohavewokenuptoit.Thatisasignofitsimmensepotential.Itistimetostartcaringaboutsharing.留心：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Sharingitemssuchascarsdoesgoodtotheenvironment.47.Airbnbssuccessclearlyillustratestheemergenceofahugesharingeconomy.48.Themajorconcernaboutthesharingeconomyishowthegovernmentregula

45、tesit.49.Themostfrequentlyshareditemsarethoseexpensivetobuybutnotfullyused.50.Thesharingeconomyhasapromisingfuture.51.Onlinesharingwillchangethewaybusinessisdoneintransportation,travel,rentals,etc.52.Airbnbisawebsitethatenablesownersandrenterstocompletetransactionsonline.53.Thesharingeconomyislikely

46、togothewayofonlineshopping.54.Oneadvantageofsharingisthatownersearnmoneyfromrentingoutitemsnotmadefullu搜索引擎优化f.55.Sharingappealstothesociableinthattheycanmeetnewpeople.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefo

47、urchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbes

48、idesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilardistraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,peopleshungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchtheydeatenbutratherbyh