12月英语四级真题及答案.doc

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1、12月大年夜学英语四级检验真题及答案PartWriting(30minutes)留心：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.树破绿色校园特不要紧2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的状况3.为了树破绿色校园，我们该当CreatingaGreenCampusPartReadingComprehension(Skim

2、mingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Collegestakinganotherlook

3、atvalueofmerit-basedaidGoodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatteralottomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid,isthemosteffectiveu搜索引擎优化fp

4、reciousinstitutionaldollars.GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(承受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville, Pa.,madeasimilardeci

5、sionthreeyearsago.Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton, N.Y.,saysitwillpha搜索引擎优化utmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelessl

6、ikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodontmeetneedeligibility(资格)havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpaye

7、noughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“Theyretryingtobuystudents,saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendst

8、obenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReportsrankingofthebestliberalar

9、tscolleges,from25to17.Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdontneedfinancialaiddoesntfeelrightanymore.Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludess

10、tate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstude

11、ntsinthestatespublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus(异口同声)ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethattheresthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsa

12、bouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption(豁免)fromf

13、ederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthatsgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodontqualifyfor

14、need-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.ThatsonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesntplantodropmeritaidentirely.“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,saysScottFriedhoff,Alleghenysvi

15、cepresidentforenrollment.EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(捐赠),meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.“Yeah,wereplayingthemeritgame,ack

16、nowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,itsnotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.ItstheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywhosbeingpricedoutofthemarket.*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieve

17、excellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudentsgrades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurre

18、ntcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantfo

19、rstudentsthatexcel(凹陷)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsex

20、celinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(选辑)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.1.With

21、moreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare_.A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidpoliciesC)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionprocesses2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?A)Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancia

22、laidprogram.B)Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.D)Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.3.Thechiefpurpo搜索引擎优化frankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto_.A)improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirenrollmentsC)attractgoodstudentsD)in

23、creasetheirrevenues4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes_.A)itdoesntpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsrankingB)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievementsC)itsillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudentsD)itsnotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition5.Inrecen

24、tyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto_.A)moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutionsC)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schoolsimprovedfinancialsituations6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?A)Theywouldliketo

25、seeitreduced.B)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.C)Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.D)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.7.WhydoesntAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?A)Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-bas

26、edaid.C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain_.9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho_theirexception

27、alathleticperformance.10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir_inaparticularartisticfieldPartListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedab

28、outwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions11to18arebasedonthec

29、onversationyouhavejustheard.11.A)Getsomesmallchange.B)Findashoppingcenter.C)Cashacheckatabank.D)Findaparkingmeter.12.A)Shoppingwithhisson.B)Buyingagiftforachild.C)Promotinganewproduct.D)Bargainingwithasalesgirl.13.A)Takingphotographs.B)Enhancingimages.C)Mendingcameras.D)Paintingpictures.14.A)Hemoved

30、toBaltimorewhenhewasyoung.B)Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.C)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimore.D)Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.15.A)Heisratherdisappointed.B)Heishighlyambitious.C)HecantfaceuptothesituationD)Heknowshisownlimitation.16.A)ShemusthavepaidalotB)Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.C

31、)Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.D)Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.17.A)Femalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysics.B)Hecanserveasthewomanstutor.C)Physicsisanimportantcourseatschool.D)Theprofessorssuggestionisconstructive.18.A)Indifferent.B)Doubtful.C)Pleased.D)Surprised.Questions19to22areba

32、sedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.B)Hehassignedupforadaycourse.C)Hehastoworkduringtheday.D)Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.20.A)Learnacomputerlanguage.B)Learndataprocessing.C)Buysomecomputersoftware.D)Buyafewcoursebooks.21.A)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.B)F

33、romSeptember1toNewYearseve.C)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal.22.A)Whattobringforregistration.B)Wheretoattendtheclass.C)HowhecangettoFrostHall.D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Atrainingcoach.B)Atradingadviser.C)Aprofe

34、ssionalmanager.D)Afinancialtrader.24.A)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.B)Heconsiderscookingcreative.C)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.D)Hethinkstake-awayistasteless.25.A)Itissomethinginevitable.B)Itisfrustratingsometimes.C)Ittakespatiencetomanage.D)Itcanbeagoodthing.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3sh

35、ortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28areb

36、asedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Therewerenoplanetswithoutmoons.B)TherewasnoairorwateronJupiter.C)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.D)Themysteryoflifecouldnotberesolved.27.A)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.B)Ithasanatmosphereliketheearths.C)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.D)Ithasdeepcavesseveralmile

37、slong.28.A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.B)Lifecanforminveryhottemperatures.C)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.D)Oxygenisnotneededforsomelifeforms.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Whethertheyshouldtakethechildhome.B)WhatDr.Mayersinstructionsexactlywere.C)Whoshou

38、ldtakecareofthechildathome.D)Whenthechildwouldcompletelyrecover.30.A)Sheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswhenindoubt.B)Shemakesthemwritedownallherinstructions.C)Shehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoathome.D)Sheasksthemtorepeatwhattheyaresupposedtodo.31.A)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.B)Itcontainsmanygram

39、maticalerrors.C)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.D)ItfacilitatesinterpePassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Jobsecurity.B)Goodlabourrelations.C)Challengingwork.D)Attractivewagesandbenefits.33.A)Manytediousjobscontinuetobedonemanually.B)Moreandmoreunskilledworkerswilll

40、osejobs.C)Computerswillchangethenatureofmanyjobs.D)Boringjobswillgraduallybemadeenjoyable.34.A)Offerthemchancesofpromotion.B)Improvetheirworkingconditions.C)Encouragethemtocompetewitheachother.D)Givethemresponsibilitiesaspartofateam.35.A)Theywillnotbringrealbenefitstothestaff.B)Theyconcernasmallnumb

41、erofpeopleonly.C)Theyarearbitrarilysetbytheadministrators.D)Theyarebeyondthecontrolofordinaryworkers.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofilli

42、ntheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave

43、written.留心：此部分试题在答题卡2上。Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36)_intothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andprocess.Factualwritingprovides(37)_informationonanauthor,composer,orartistoronatypeofmusic,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenoteso

44、nabookjacketor(38)_coverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39)_course.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40)_foryourstudyofthehumanities.Asitsname(41)_,descriptivewritingsimplydescribes,orprovidesan(42)_of,apieceofmusic,art,orliterature.Forexample,descriptivewrit

45、ingmightlistthecolorsanartistusedinapaintingorthe(43)_acomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesorsoundsinthereadersmindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44)_.Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45)_.Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowa

46、narthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46)_.PartReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyour

47、choices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachildslanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,i