2023年考研英语一真题解析.doc
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1、2023年考研英语一真题解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born
2、 in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the
3、 new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church, 9 there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one
4、 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalit
5、arian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18
6、 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 .Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.Anatives BinhabitantsCpeoples Dindividuals2.AconfusedlyBcheerfully CworriedlyDhopefully3.AsharedBforgotCattainedDre
7、jected4.ArelatedBcloseCopenDdevoted5.AaccessBsuccessionCrightDreturn6.APresumablyBIncidentallyCObviously DGenerally7.AuniqueBcommonCparticularDtypical8.AfreedomBoriginCimpactDreform9.AthereforeBhoweverCindeedDmoreover10.AwithBabout CamongDby11.AallowedBpreachedCgrantedDfunded12.ASinceBIfCUnlessDWhil
8、e13.AasBforCunderDagainst14.AspreadBinterferenceCexclusionDinfluence15.AsupportBcryCpleaDwish16.AurgedBintendedCexpectedDpromised17.AcontrollingBformerCremainingDoriginal18.AslowerBfasterCeasierDtougher19.AcreatedBproducedCcontributedDpreferred20. A puzzled byBhostile to Cpessimistic aboutDunprepare
9、d for文章中心:完型填空的命题理论规定,文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句;有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。因此,在选择具体题目答案前,把握文章中心对于理解文章语句,把握逻辑关系,拟定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。文章首段主题句叙述到By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830,前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放,宣告成为独立国家。本文的中心思想为 前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。题目解析:By 1830 the former Spani
10、sh and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.1.Anatives Binhabitants Cpeoples Dindividuals2.AconfusedlyBcheerfully Cworriedly Dhopefully1. 语意辨析题 本题目选择名词,在句子中充当主语。句子叙述到The roughly 20 millionof these nations looked to the f
11、uture. “这些国家大约有2023万对未来。”选项A. natives 本地人;B. inhabitant居民;C. peoples 民族;D. individuals个体。不难发现,选项A. natives 本地人,“这些国家大约有2023万本地人”,符合句子含义;选项B. inhabitant居民,“这些国家大约有2023万居民”,符合句子含义;选项C. peoples 民族,“这些国家大约有2023万个民族”,显然有悖于常理,不符合句子含义;选项D. individuals个体,“这些国家大约有2023万个体”,不符合句子含义,个体一般用于区分于集体时使用。选项A和B都可以在句子中做
12、主语,拟定该题目为语意辨析题。前面相邻语句(或文章中心思想)叙述到“By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830,前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放,宣告成为独立国家。”本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。因此,对的答案为B。2. 语意辨析题 本题目选择副词,在句子中做状语。句子叙述到The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked to the future. “这些国家
13、大约有2023万居民对未来。” 选项A. confusedly困惑地;B. cheerfully 快乐的;C. worried 紧张的;D. hopefully 充满期待地。不难发现,选项A. confusedly困惑地,“这些国家大约有2023万居民对未来感到困惑”,符合句子含义;选项B. cheerfully 快乐的,“这些国家大约有2023万居民对未来感到快乐”,符合句子含义;选项C. worried 紧张的,“这些国家大约有2023万居民对未来感到紧张”,符合句子含义;选项D. hopefully 充满期待地,“这些国家大约有2023万居民对未来充满期待”,符合句子含义。四个选项似乎在
14、单个句子中都合理通顺,拟定该题目为语意辨析题。前面相邻语句(或文章中心思想)叙述到“By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830,前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放,宣告成为独立国家。”本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。既然独立,当让是充满希望的。因此对的答案D。Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of inde
15、pendence 3 the ideas of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.3.Ashared Bforgot Cattained Drejected4.Arelated Bclose Copen Ddevoted5.Aaccess Bsuccession Cright Dreturn3. 词汇辨析题 本
16、句子选择动词,在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到many of the leaders of independence the ideas of representative government “许多独立国家的领导人都议会政府。”选项A. shared 共有;B. forgot 忘掉;C. attained 获得;D. rejected 拒绝.。不难发现,文章中心思想叙述到“By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830,前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放,宣告成为独立国
17、家。”既然是独立的国家,那么新的国家领导人们应当推崇一种公平的政治举措。对于,当时比较先进并且民主的“议会制度”当然应当是全力支持的。选项A. shared 共有,“许多独立国家的领导人都认同议会政府”,符合句子含义;选项B. forgot 忘掉,“许多独立国家的领导人都忘掉了议会政府”,不符合句子含义;选项C. attained 获得,“许多独立国家的领导人都获得了议会政府”,不符合句子含义,“attain 获得”一般是通过长期努力而获得什么物品,实现什么目的,不能表达为“获得议会政府”;选项D. rejected 拒绝,“许多独立国家的领导人都拒绝了议会政府”,不符合文章中心“国家独立”。
18、因此,对的答案为A,许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府。4. 词汇辨析题 本题目选择形容词,在句子中体现前、后名词之间的关系。句子叙述many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers _to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, “许多独立国家领导人都认同议会政府,职业于人才,商业和贸易自由。”显然,短语“careers _to talent”、短语“freedom of commerce and trade”等都是与“认同议
19、会政府”相并列的独立国家领导人们新政的民主政策。应当充足体现独立和民主。选项A. related 相关的;B. close 接近的;C. open 开着的;D. devoted 投入的.不难发现,选项A. related 相关的,“职业相关于人才”,不符合句子含义;选项B. close 接近的,“职业接近于人才”,不符合句子含义;选项C. open 开着的,“职业对于人才开放”,符合文章中心同时也符合句子含义;选项D. devoted 投入的,“职业投入于人才”,这种表达错误,应当是“人才投入与工作”才是对的的语句表达。职业对人才开放才符合文章“独立”这一中心。因此,对的答案为C。5. 词汇辨
20、析题 本题目选择名词,在句子中体现句子内容的连贯性。句子叙述到many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the_ to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. “许多独立国家的领导人都认同议会政府,认为职业应当向人才开放,认可商业贸易自由,认可私有财产的,认
21、为个人是社会的基础。选项A. access to 接近;B. succession to 继承;C. right to 的权利;D. return to 返回。不难发现,从前面的“议会制政府”,“向人才开放的职业”,“商业和贸易自由”可以看出这里提到的是推动国家进步和发展,充足调动人们积极性的另一个理念“人们对私有财产的所有权”,故此处选择right。因此,对的答案为C。6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economic
22、ally viable and integrated by a 7 set of 1aws.6.APresumablyBIncidentallyCObviously DGenerally7.Aunique Bcommon Cparticular Dtypical6. 逻辑关系题 本题目选择副词,体现前、后两个句子之间的逻辑关系。句子叙述到 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, “有一种的信念,新独立的国家应当是自治并且独立的国家。” 选择逻辑关系词,相关联的两个句子
23、提供信息决定答案。选项A. Presumably 大约的;B. Incidentally 偶尔的;C. Obviously 显然的;D. Generally 普遍的。不难发现,前面的句子叙述到“many of the leaders of independence shared the ideas of representative government, careers open to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the right to private property, and a belief in the individual as
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