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1、语法结构(一)A级级 考考 试试StructureSection A:Multiple-Choice(1*10)谓语动词、非谓语动词、词类用法、句法结构、常用句型Section B:Gap-filling(1*5)词性转换、语法结构 动词、名词、形容词、副词时态、语态、语气、非谓语主谓一致、单复数比较级和最高级名词专有名词普通名词可数名词(单复数)不可数名词单复同形的可数名词:sheep、fish、deer、Chinese、means单数形式复数意义的名词(集合名词):cattle、people、police、audience、class、family、group、committee、crew
2、、couple注:集合名词若强调整体,作单数用;若强调各个成员,作复数用名词单数变复数规则-s,-x,-sh,-ch,-th-f,-fe-y-o不规则情况Child、ox、man、foot、goose、mouse可数名词可数名词-Where did you two have your _(stomach)examined?-At the doctors.We were examined by two famous _ (German).stomachsGermans合成名词的复数形式:1、将主体名词变为复数:son-in-law sons-in-law,story-teller,passer-
3、by,looker-on2、无主体名词时,通常在最后一个词后面加复数:grown-up grown-ups stand-by3、名词+名词时,仅将后面的名词变复数:girl student girl students,boy friend注:man/woman+名词时,前后都要变复数:woman singer women singers不可数名词不可数名词 不可数名词是表示物质和抽象概念的名词:Water、paper、milk、food、sand、tea、grain、bread、butter、furniture、baggage、rubbish、information、equipment、adv
4、ice、progress、weather、fun、health、wealth、applause注:用数量词来表示数量概念,如piece、set、burst等Of+抽象名词=形容词(包括importance、value、use、significance、help)The _(equip)for disabled people should be within easy reach in public places.I want to have two _(tea).equipmentteas1、同时可以修饰可数名词复数+不可数名词:Some、any、a lot of、lots of、enough
5、、plenty of、a large quantity of、large quantities of2、只能修饰可数名词复数:a few、few、several、many、a great many、a number of、hundreds/dozens of3、只能修饰不可数名词:a little、little、much、a great deal、a large amount of、large amounts of表示数量的词组:表示数量的词组:名词的特殊情况:1、有些名词作可数和不可数名词时,含义不同:times次数、works作品、woods森林、papers论文/试卷、waters水域、
6、sands沙滩2、有些名词常使用复数形式:jeans、pants、scissors、glasses、compasses、greetings、wishes、congratulations、thanks、take turns to do、as follows、make friends with、shake hands3、以-s结尾但并不表示复数概念的名词:maths、politics、news、physics、United States名词所有格:名词所有格:1、s 所有格:所有格:the boys book、tbe bosss/boss plan、the childrens toys、teach
7、ers book,a weeks holiday,my mother-in-laws money,an hour and a halfs walk,somebody elses bag2、of所有格:所有格:the window of the room、the city of Beijing3、双重所有格:双重所有格:a friend of Jims、a friend of mine名词做定语:1、单数形式:female workers、team leader、family tree2、所有格形式:yesterdays news、tonights meeting3、特殊:a gold watc
8、h(黄金)a golden watch(金黄色)Last night we went to the barbers,where I met a friend of my _(brother).brothersShe is the only one among the _(woman)writers who often works in that _(shoe)shop for her new story.womenshoe主谓一致:主谓一致:1、语法一致、语法一致2、意义一致、意义一致3、就近一致、就近一致1、语法一致、语法一致(1)to do、doing和从句做主语+动单 注:从句做主语,若
9、句子为主系表结构,动词与表语单复一致 What they need most _(be)money while what we need most _(be)textbooks.(2)单数名词作主语,后面紧跟as well as,rather than,but,except,besides,with,along with,together with,like,including,in addition to,combined with等,+动单 例:The girl together with some boys has gone to plant trees.isare(3)every/ea
10、ch/no+单数名词+and+(every/each/no)+单数名词 作主语时,+动单 例:Every hour and(every)minute is very important.(4)many a/more than one+单数名词 作主语时+动单,表复数意义 例:Many a person has that kind of opportunity.(5)公式作主语+动单 例:two times four is eight.(6)both、(a)few、many、several修饰主语+动复 例:Both of you are ambitious.(7)neither、another
11、、something等复合不定代词作主语+动单 例:Neither of us has gone through regular training.(8)trousers、clothes、compasses、gloves等,单独作主语+动复 但若其前有kind of/type of/pair of等修饰时,动词与kind等一致 例:Jims trousers are brown.This pair of trousers was made by Master Li.2、意义一致、意义一致(1)a lot of/plenty of/百分数 等+名词,动词与名词单复保持一致 例:The rest
12、of the apples are red.The rest of the ink is black.(2)none作主语时+动单/动复均可 例:None of us has/have a camera.(3)all作主语时,表示人+动复,表示事物+动单 例:All are eager to reach an agreement.All is well that ends well.(4)a number of+名复+动复 (许多)the number of+名复+动单(的数量)例:A number of students are going out,and the number of the
13、m is 40.(5)the+形容词,表示一类人+动复 表示抽象概念或品质+动单 例:The good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to be unfortunate.The beautiful is not always the useful.3、就近一致、就近一致(1)由or、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also、not but等连接名词,动词与最靠近的名词单复一致 例:Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys it.Neither the children nor the mother knows anything.(2)there be句型There _(be)a dog and three ducks in the yard,in the middle of which _(be)two tall trees with great shade.isareTHANK YOU!
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