新概念英语第二册非限制性定语从句课件.pptx

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1、Non-restrictive attributive clauses非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句who/thatWho is he?*The man _ is sitting there is Brad Pitt.*The man she speaks to is Brad Pitt.*The man _ she speaks is Brad Pitt.to whom who/whom/that/-Who is she?Cecilia,_ took weight-loss pills,now realizes that health is important.Cecilia,_ body

2、 is thin,still wants to lose some weight(减肥减肥).whowhose1.定语从句定语从句(attributive clauses)通常由关通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有词有:which(指物指物),that(既可指人又可既可指人又可指物指物),who(指人，在定语从句中作主语指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语或宾语),whom(或物，作定语或物，作定语)等。关等。关系副词有系副词有:when(指时间指时间),where(指地点指地点),why(指原因指人，在定语从句中作宾指原因指人，在定语从句中作宾语语),

3、whose(指人指人)等。等。Explanation2.定语从句分为限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive)和非限制性定语从和非限制性定语从句句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间与先行词之间一般不加逗号；一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。与主句之间通常用逗号分开。限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别性定语从句的区别 1、限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就不完整或不明确。非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加说明，

4、如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚。S=subject,P=predicate,O=object,我的房子我的房子 有个漂亮的花园，房子是去有个漂亮的花园，房子是去年买的。年买的。My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.Main clauseMy house has got a lovely garden.SPO限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。般用逗号隔开。My cousin whose father i

5、s a teacher wants to be an actor.My cousin,whose father is a teacher,wants to be an actor.1.A.This is the place where I lived ten years ago.B.She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao,which returned to China in 1999.2.A.He is a man who I can ask for help.B.His father,who works in Beijing,cam

6、e back yesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句。Shanghai,which

7、is in East China,is developing rapidly.Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.1.The famous basketball star,_is an American,came to China yesterday.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian,_I visited last year,

8、is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.6.The school,_I once studied,was built thirty years ago.7.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhich 1.I have a sister who works in a hospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.I

9、have a sister,who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。3.All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.All the magazines here,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。所有的杂志都是他写的，里面

10、都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。会改变全句的意思。（不只一位姐姐）（不只一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）（杂志只有一种）He missed the show,which was a great pity.He invited me to dinner,which made me happy.非限制性定语从句中关系代词非限制性定语从句中关系代词which/as可指整个可指整个主句的意思或一部分意思。主句的意思或一部分意思。As引导的定语从

11、句既可引导的定语从句既可以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history.正如大家所知，中国是一个正如大家所知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。有着悠久历史的国家。She is a teacher,as is clear from her manner.她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地她是位教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。看出。More examples非限制性定语从句考点归纳：非限制性定语从句考点归纳：I.as 和和which引导非限制性定语从句引导非

12、限制性定语从句,代替整个主句。代替整个主句。1.As everyone knows,China is a country with a long history.众所周知，中国是一个众所周知，中国是一个历史历史悠久的国悠久的国家。家。Example:2.She is a teacher,as is clear from her manner.她是个教师她是个教师,这一点从她的举止可以清这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。楚地看出。3.He missed the show,which was really a great pity.他他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。1.

13、The famous basketball star,_ comes from America,will visit our school soon.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.whichwhomwho Practice4.Xian,_I visited last year,is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July,_ he

14、 wont be so busy.6.The school,_ I once studied,was built thirty years ago.whichwherewhen7.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.8._ we all know,he is good at English.Aswhich4.He invited me to dinner,which made me very happy.他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。Conclusion1.as 和和which在引

15、导非限制性定语从句在引导非限制性定语从句时时,as和和which可代替整个主句，相可代替整个主句，相当于当于and this或或and that。这两个关系。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。关系代词关系代词as的用法及其与的用法及其与which的区别的区别关系代词关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和经常和the same,such,as一起搭配使用，共同构成一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。一个固定词

16、组。1.As we all know,he is a famous scientist.2.As is expected,he is a diligent boy.3.She has the same book as you have.关系代词关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词以使用被动语态，而关系代词which则不可以。请比较：则不可以。请比较：As everyone knows,it is necessary to build a hospital in this small town.It is necessary to build a h

17、ospital in this small town,which is clear to us.Our department will hold the meeting,as is known by us.as习惯上用于下列词组习惯上用于下列词组:the sameas suchasasas as you knowas we have seen as is known to allas anybody can seeas was expected as 引导非限制性从句，常意为引导非限制性从句，常意为“正如正如”。可出现在句首、句中、句末。常见结构有：可出现在句首、句中、句末。常见结构有：as

18、is known to all as is often the caseas might/could be expected as has been said beforeas has been mentioned aboveas has been pointed out as can be imaginedas can be seen(from these figures)as often happens as will be shown这是常有的事这是常有的事 正如人们所预料的正如人们所预料的 正如上面所提到的正如上面所提到的 正如前面所说的正如前面所说的 正如所指出的正如所指出的 正如正

19、如所示所示 For exampleHe has bought the same type of bike as I have.Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.As we know,China is a developing country.He,as we expected,came to the party on time.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is

20、round.as AsIt定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as as,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的词一般是固定的This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.asas这是

21、大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。本书。定语从句定语从句This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。本书。定语从句定语从句 Practice1.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.2.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was m

22、ore than we could expect.3._ is expected,the England team won the football match.Aswhichwhich4.It rained hard yesterday,_ prevented me from going to the park.5._ we can see,the smoke came from the little dustbin.whichAsall/some/of+whom/which引导非限引导非限制性定语从句制性定语从句Example:1.He has told us many stories,a

23、ll of which are about the famous Long Match.2.The students of Class 1,some of whom came from Japan,went camping yesterday.3.Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year,80%of whom are sold abroad.4.I have many friends in this town,some of which are businessman.5.I am doi

24、ng different types of exercises,all of them are quite helpful to my health.whichwhich 或或 all 前加前加andwhom注意：注意：非限制性定语从句和简单句的比较非限制性定语从句和简单句的比较1)He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.2)He failed in the exam,_ made his parents angry.3)He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.4)He has two sons,bot

25、h of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that“非限定非限定”使用须知使用须知1.从句中所有的关系词都从句中所有的关系词都不可省略不可省略2.从句通常从句通常不能用不能用that引导引导3.在在“非限定非限定”中中,指人的关系代词指人的关系代词作宾语作宾语时时,只只能用宾格能用宾格whom,不能用不能用who替换替换,也不能省略。也不能省略。4.从句从句不能用不能用why引导引导,要用要用 for which 代替代替why5.从句从句置于句首时置于句首时,不能用不能用which引导引导;而要用关而要用关系代词系代词 as 引导引导(as可放主句前可放主句

26、前,也可放主句后也可放主句后)要点归纳要点归纳ConclusionConclusion非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句一、经常使用非限制性定语从句的场合一、经常使用非限制性定语从句的场合1先行词为独一无二的物体时先行词为独一无二的物体时。如：。如：The sun,which rises in the east,gives us heat and light.太阳从东边升起，给我们发出光太阳从东边升起，给我们发出光和热。和热。2先行词是指物的专有名词时先行词是指物的专有名词时。如：。如：The Great Wall,which is called in Chinese The Ten=Thous

27、and Li Great Wall,is actually more than 6,000 kilometers long.长城长城，中国人称作，中国人称作“万里长城万里长城”，实际上，实际上 6，000多公里。多公里。3先行词指物且被指示代词或人称代词所修饰时先行词指物且被指示代词或人称代词所修饰时。如：。如：This is her house,which was built last year.这是她的房子，是去年建这是她的房子，是去年建的。的。4.定语从句修饰整个主句时定语从句修饰整个主句时。如：。如：He is from America,which I know from his ac

28、cent.他是美国人，这一点我从他的口音可以他是美国人，这一点我从他的口音可以断定。断定。二、非限制性定语从句引导词的选择二、非限制性定语从句引导词的选择1关系代词的选择关系代词的选择1）非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。指人时，如。指人时，如引导词做主语用引导词做主语用who、作宾语用、作宾语用whom；指物时要用；指物时要用which.注意即使引导词作宾语也不能省略注意即使引导词作宾语也不能省略。如：。如：Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of my fathers.张先生昨

29、天来看我，他是我父亲的一位老张先生昨天来看我，他是我父亲的一位老朋友。（作主语）朋友。（作主语）Miss Howe,whom you met at the station,is from America.豪小姐是美国人，你在车站见过她。（作宾语）豪小姐是美国人，你在车站见过她。（作宾语）The Great Wall of China,which was built by ancient Chinese people,is regarded as one of the few wonders of the world.长城是古代中国人民修建的，它被看作是世界长城是古代中国人民修建的，它被看作是世

30、界上为数不多的奇迹之一。上为数不多的奇迹之一。2）as和和which的选择的选择as和和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末、且非限制性定语从句位于句末、且as或或 which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者常可互换在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者常可互换。如：。如：She failed in the exam,which/as was natural.他考试没及他考试没及格，这很自然。（作主语）格，这很自然。（作主语）He is an honest boy,which/as anybod

31、y can see.任何任何人都能看得出来，他是个诚实的孩子。（作宾语）人都能看得出来，他是个诚实的孩子。（作宾语）The man seemed a German,which/as in fact he was.那个人似乎是个德国人，实事上他就是德国人。（作表语）那个人似乎是个德国人，实事上他就是德国人。（作表语）但要注意以下区别：但要注意以下区别：如非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中时，如非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中时，只能用只能用as。如。如。As we have seen,oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.

32、我们已经看到，海洋占地球面积的我们已经看到，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十多。百分之七十多。This kind of computer,as is well-known,is out of date.众所周知，这种计算机现在已经过时了。众所周知，这种计算机现在已经过时了。as在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式；在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式；which在从句中作主语，后常跟行为动词的主动式在从句中作主语，后常跟行为动词的主动式。如：。如：She has been late again,as was expected.她又迟到她又迟到了，这在预料之中。了，这在预料之中。It rain

33、ed hard yesterday,which prevented me from going to the park.昨天雨下得很大，使我无法去公园。昨天雨下得很大，使我无法去公园。Kate always tells a lie,which her parents find strange.凯特总是说谎，她父母觉得这很奇怪。凯特总是说谎，她父母觉得这很奇怪。当从句和主句语义一致时用当从句和主句语义一致时用 as，表，表“正如正如”；反之用；反之用which。如：如：The thief came again,as was expected.小偷又一次来小偷又一次来了，这是预料之中的。（语义一致

34、）了，这是预料之中的。（语义一致）The elephant is like a snake,which is not right.大象大象像一条蛇，这是不对的。（语义不一致）像一条蛇，这是不对的。（语义不一致）as用常用在用常用在as often happens,as was pointed out,as was said above,as I remember,as I understand等等结构中。如：结构中。如：Jack has won the first prize,as often happens.像往像往常一样，杰克获得了一等奖。常一样，杰克获得了一等奖。2关系代词和关系副词的选

35、择关系代词和关系副词的选择在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选择方法在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样：引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，和限制性定语从句一样：引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词。如：用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词。如：I want to buy the house,which has a garden.我想买我想买那个房子，那个房子有一个花园。（作主语）那个房子，那个房子有一个花园。（作主语）The place,which I visited before,has changed greatly.这地方我以前来

36、过，现在变化很大。（作宾语）这地方我以前来过，现在变化很大。（作宾语）The story in the book takes place in Canada,where Doctor Bethune was born.书中故事发生在加大拿，白书中故事发生在加大拿，白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。（作状语）求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。（作状语）3关系副词和人称代词、指示代词的选择关系副词和人称代词、指示代词的选择选关系代词还是人称代词，关键是分清句子结构。如是非选关系代词还是人称代词，关键是分清句子结构。如是非限制性定语从句（两句中间以逗号隔开，且无连词），用限制性定语从句（两句中间以逗号隔开，且无连

37、词），用关系代词；如是并列句（全句中有连词、两句中间为句号关系代词；如是并列句（全句中有连词、两句中间为句号或分号），用人称代词或指示代词。请试填：或分号），用人称代词或指示代词。请试填：He has three sons,none of _ is a doctor.He has three sons,_ are doctors.He has three sons,but none of _ is a doctor.He has three sons;_ are doctors.A.whom B.them C.they D.who题解：题解：、两题中间为逗号且无连词，说明后句为非限两题中间为逗号且无连词，说明后句为非限制性定语从句制性定语从句、题为并列句。题为并列句。