中考英语语法-状语从句课件.pptx

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1、 状语从句状语从句（adverbial clause).状语的定义和构成形式状语的定义和构成形式 用作状语的从句叫作状语从句用作状语的从句叫作状语从句状语从句状语从句.由从由从属连词引导，修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副属连词引导，修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副词等，可放句首或句末。词等，可放句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后放在句首时，从句后面用逗号；放在句末时，不用逗号。面用逗号；放在句末时，不用逗号。状语从句的分类状语从句的分类根据意义上的不同，英语状语从句分为根据意义上的不同，英语状语从句分为根据意义上的不同，英语状语从句分为根据意义上的不同，英语状语从句分为时间状语从句、时间状语从句、时间状语

2、从句、时间状语从句、地点状语从句、地点状语从句、地点状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、原因状语从句、原因状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、目的状语从句、目的状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、结果状语从句、结果状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、条件状语从句、条件状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、方式状语从句、方式状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句,比较状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句。时间状语从句的引导词时间状语从句的引导词：when,while,as,before,since,until,till,as soon as,on

3、ce,hardlywhen,no soonerthan，whenever,after，等，等主句是将来时，时间状语从句和条件状语主句是将来时，时间状语从句和条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作，即：从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作，即：主将从现主将从现。Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.时间状语从句应注意的问题时间状语从句应注意的问题(一一)when,while,as 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句While/When/As I was reading,I fell asleep.When I got to the station

4、,I found the train had left.As he said it,he laughed.As time went on,I began to understand it.with time going on,I began to(三三)由由immediately,instantly，directly，,no soonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,as soon as,the moment，the minute，on/upon/at doing，引导的时间状语从句，引导的时间状语从句 表示表示“一一就就”，1I told him immediat

5、ely(=as soon as)he came.2The moment he saw me,he turned pale.1I had hardly got home when it began to rain.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly =Hardly had I gothad I got home when it began to rain.home when it began to rain.2He had no sooner seen me than he ran away.=No sooner had he

6、seen me than he ran away.(四四)before:主句动作先于从句动作，要根主句动作先于从句动作，要根据实际情况翻译据实际情况翻译We waited a long time before he came out.I must write it down before I forgot.She offered me a cup of coffee before I could sit down.I m willing to work myself to death before I give up.It is long before(过了好长时间才）过了好长时间才）It i

7、s not long before（不久就（不久就）It wont be long before we meet again.。才。才免得免得还没有还没有/来不及就来不及就宁愿。也不宁愿。也不(五）五）Since 引导的时间状语从句：引导的时间状语从句：a)Since后面的动词不同，动作的起算时间不同：后面的动词不同，动作的起算时间不同：since+终止性动词的过去式，从该动作发生时算起；终止性动词的过去式，从该动作发生时算起；since+延续性动词的过去式，从该动作结束时算起。延续性动词的过去式，从该动作结束时算起。Its three years since he joined the Le

8、ague.他入团三年了。他入团三年了。It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟三年了。他戒烟三年了。b)“It is+一段时间一段时间+since clause”句型。句型。Its two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。我们到这儿两年了。It was years since I had seen her.我认识她好几年了。我认识她好几年了。地点状语从句地点状语从句 由由where,wherever anywhere,everywhere引引导的地点状语从句导的地点状语从句1Where there is smoke,t

9、here is fire.2Wherever you go,you must obey the traffic rules.I will go where he went.(特定地点）特定地点）Ill go wherever he goes.(任意地点）任意地点）Leave it where it wasPut it where it can be seen easily.Put it to the place where it can be seen easily（定从）（定从）原因状语从句原因状语从句 原因状语从句：由原因状语从句：由because,since,now that,as,fo

10、r引导。引导。1.because 语气最强，用来回答语气最强，用来回答why提问，可用在强调提问，可用在强调句型中。句型中。I do it because I want to do it.It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.2.Since语气比语气比because弱，表示关系上的自然结果，弱，表示关系上的自然结果，一般译成一般译成“既然，鉴于既然，鉴于”（往往放于主句之前）（往往放于主句之前）Since youre free today,lets go to the cinema.3.as语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放于主

11、句之语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后）前，也可放于主句之后）Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking today.4.for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明也可以表示原因，属并列连词，不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。示补充说明理由。for引导的从句不能位于句引导的从句不能位于句首。首。He must be ill,for he is absent today.5.now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理，用来说明一种新情况

12、，然后加以推理，now that放于句首时，放于句首时，that可省略。可省略。Now(that)/since everybody is here,lets begin.6.原因状语从句有时可以以分词的形式出现。原因状语从句有时可以以分词的形式出现。Being blind,he couldnt see anything.(=As he was blind,he couldnt see anything.)Thanks to/owing to/due to your help,I passed the exam.目的状语从句目的状语从句(一一)由由for fear that,in case,le

13、st,so that,in order that引导的目的状语从句常用情态引导的目的状语从句常用情态动词动词can/could,may/might,should,wont等。等。1Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun wont burn them.2.Ill speak slowly in order that everybody can understand me.3.He got up early in order to/to/so as to catch the first bus.(二二)for fear that(=le

14、st)唯恐；唯恐；in case(=lest)以防，万一；以防，万一；in case of 遇到遇到的时候。的时候。例句：例句：1I shall ring you up lest you should forget to come.2He is working hard for fear(that)he should fail.3Take your umbrella,in case it rains.4In case of fire,ring the alarm bell.结果状语从句结果状语从句(一一)so that,sothat,suchthat引导的结果状引导的结果状语从句。语从句。例句

15、：例句：1I was so tired that I couldnt keep a wake.2It is such a lovely day that all of us want to go outing.(二二)such a/anthat可转换为可转换为so+形容词形容词+a/an+名词单数名词单数+that结构。结构。例句：例句：1She is such a good teacher that all her students love her very much.2She is so good a teacher that all her colleagues like to tal

16、k with her.(三三)在名词前有在名词前有many,much,few,little(少少)时，时，只能用只能用sothat结构，结构，例句：例句：1There are so many things to be done that I find no time to go to the cinema.2She got so little education that she could hardly do a simple maths problem.3.They are such little pigs that we cant kill them.条件状语从句条件状语从句 由由if,

17、unless(if not),so/as long as,suppose,supposing,in case(万一）万一）on condition that,provided/providing that引导。引导。You may use the room as long as you clean it up afterwards.Suppose(supposing)he is ill,what shall we do?You may keep the book a further week provided that no one else requires it.注意：注意：1.条件状语从

18、句中用一般现在时代替将来时。条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时。I will go if you go.2.条件状语从句中，从句主语为条件状语从句中，从句主语为it，又有系动词，又有系动词be时，可以省时，可以省略从句中的主语和系动词略从句中的主语和系动词be。Come tomorrow if it is possible.Come tomorrow if possible.让步状语从句让步状语从句(一一)though,although 引导的状语从句，主句中不能引导的状语从句，主句中不能用用but，但可用，但可用yet,still,nevertheless.1Though/Although

19、 he is very old,he is healthy.2He seems perfectly healthy,though his heart is 3.He promised to come，he didnt though.(adv然而）然而）(二二)even if=even though 引导的状语从句，可以用引导的状语从句，可以用虚拟语气。虚拟语气。1Ill try it,even if I may fail.2We shall help you,even if we dont sleep for a night.3Even if I were starving,I wouldnt

20、 ask a favour of him.既使我要饿死了，也不会求他帮助。既使我要饿死了，也不会求他帮助。(此句是虚拟语气此句是虚拟语气)(三三)as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装形式引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装形式(as=though)单单数名词前不要数名词前不要a/an；形容词或副词前不要；形容词或副词前不要very。例句：例句：1.Although she is busy,she studies English very hardBusy as she is,she studies English very hard.2.Though he is a doctor,he knows med

21、icine no better than I.Doctor as he is,he knows medicine no better that I.3Though I admire him as a writer very much,I do not like him as a man.Much as I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man.4Though you may try,you cant succeed.Try as you may,you cant succeed.(四四)whatever,however,whoeve

22、r,wherever,whenever引导的让步状语从句相当于引导的让步状语从句相当于no matter wh-疑问词引导的让步状语从句疑问词引导的让步状语从句。例句：例句：1Dont change your plans,whatever happens.2However hard it may be,do your best.3Whoever goes,I shall not be affected.4Wherever he is,he will be thinking of you.5Whenever I see him,I find him at his books.6.You can

23、take whatever you like.五五.Whetheror.(不管不管还是还是.)Whether you believe it or not,it is true.方式状语从句方式状语从句(一一)方式状语从句由方式状语从句由as,as if或或as though引导，位于主句之引导，位于主句之后。后。1You must do everything as I do.2She did as she said.3He stood up as if he wanted to leave.(二二)as if或或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气。引导的从句常用虚拟语气。如果由内容清楚地

24、判断出是表达非现实的意思时，用过去时或如果由内容清楚地判断出是表达非现实的意思时，用过去时或过去完成时表示虚拟，过去完成时表示虚拟，was由由were代替。代替。1He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.2He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.3He treats me as if I were a stranger.(三三)as if或或as though经常与动词经常与动词look,seem,taste,smell,feel,sound连用。连用。例句：例句：It looks as if i

25、t is going to rain.It seems as if we shall have to walk.比较状语从句比较状语从句引导词引导词 asas,not as/so.as.than,the more the more,John plays football as well as David.I cant run as/so fast as he can.John likes Henry more than I.John likes Henry more than me.状语从句的紧缩现象1.Dont speak until you are spoken to.1.Dont spe

26、ak until you are spoken to.2.Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.2.Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.3.While I was in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer 3.While I was in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Place.Place.4.Come tomorrow if it is possible.4.Come tomorrow if it is possib

27、le.5.If it is so,you must get back and get it.5.If it is so,you must get back and get it.6.He has no money,if he has any,he will give you.6.He has no money,if he has any,he will give you.7.Though it was cold,he still wore a shirt.7.Though it was cold,he still wore a shirt.8.Fill in the blank with pr

28、oper words where it is 8.Fill in the blank with proper words where it is necessarynecessary课时训练课时训练5.Ill write to you as soon as I_Beijing.A.get to B.arrive C.will get to D.will arrive6.Well have a trip if it_rain.A.wont B.will C.dont D.doesnt7._you hurry up,we will be late for school.A.If B./C.Unle

29、ss D.When8.He saves money_he can buy some birthday presents for his mother.A.so B.so that C.such that D.in order9.Why are you late for school?_ I got up late.A.Because B.For C.Since D.As(A)(D)(C)(B)(A)10.The flowers_well if they_.A.wont grow,dont take good care of B.dont grow,are taken good care of

30、C.dont grow,dont take good care of D.wont grow,are not taken good care of(D)11.He asked_many strange questions that the teacher didnt want to teach him any more.A.so B.such C.too D.very(A)12.The old man was quite weak after the accident,so he A.must be takes care of B.must take care of C.must be loo

31、ked after D.must look after13.The man had gone away _ the old man said thanks to him.A.that B.so C.until D.beforeCD_she was told that her daughter got sick,she hurried back home.The train had pulled out _he arrived at the railway station.A group of children were singing _ they were walking to school.Ill tell him to call back _he comes back.The boy waited for me _I came back.The teacher didnt go to bed _he finished preparing his lessons.He has been watching TV _5:00 pm.Afterbeforeasas soon astill/untiluntilsince练习练习