2020年电大现代教育原理作业2参考资料必考重点.doc

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1、精选一、多项选择题（共17道试题，共34分。）1.从根本上看贯穿教育活动的基本矛盾、基本规律是（ AD ）。A. 教育与社会发展之间的矛盾B. 教育与自然之间的矛盾C. 教育与课程之间的矛盾D. 教育与人的身心发展之间的矛盾E. 教育与生产力发展之间的矛盾2.影响教育发展规模的因素主要有（AB ）。 A. 人口数量B. 生产力科技发展水平C. 社会政治经济制度D. 社会文化E. 法律制度3.人口增长率会影响到以下哪些教育因素（ CDE ）。 A. 教育目的B. 教育内容C. 教育发展规模D. 教育结构E. 教育质量4.决定教育性质的根本因素是（ B ）。 A. 社会生产力B. 政治经济制度C.

2、 上层建筑D. 科学技术E. 人口质量5.受教育权利是受（ B ）制约的。A. 社会生产力B. 社会政治经济制度C. 时代D. 社会历史形态E. 社会文化6.教育内容受如下哪些因素的制约和影响（ BCDE ）。A. 人口数量B. 生产力和科技发展水平C. 社会政治经济性质D. 社会文化本体E. 社会政治经济制度7.教育产业作为其他非育人产业共同需要的上位产业、前提产业，决定了其在社会大系统中具有（ABC ）的产业地位。A. 基础性B. 全局性C. 先导性D. 迟效性E. 可持续性8.教育现代化是一个系统工程，具有多元的目标，其内容包括（ ABCDE ）。A. 教育观念现代化B. 教育内容现代化

3、C. 教育条件设备现代化D. 教育管理现代化E. 教师素质现代化9.社会生产力和科技发展水平对教育产生的制约和影响，具体表现在（ ABCDE ）等各方面。A. 教育目的B. 教育的发展规模和速度C. 教学内容D. 教学方法、教学设备E. 教学组织形式10.“近朱者赤、近墨者黑”这句话反映了下列哪种因素对人的发展的影响（ AC ）。A. 环境B. 遗传C. 教育11.在人的发展的关键期，施以相应的教育，这是遵循了人的发展的（ BCE ）。A. 稳定性B. 顺序性C. 阶段性D. 不平衡性E. 个别差异性12.在教育工作中我们要“一把钥匙开一把锁”，这是遵循了人的发展的（ CE ）。A. 稳定性B

4、. 顺序性C. 阶段性D. 不平衡性E. 个别差异性13.人类历史上的“狼孩”事例，说明了（ B ）。 A. 遗传素质在人的身心发展中起决定作用B. 遗传素质在人的身心发展中不起决定作用C. 遗传素质在人的身心发展中不起作用D. 自然环境在人的身心发展中起决定作用14.遗传素质在人的发展中起（ D ）。A. 主导作用B. 决定作用C. 不起作用D. 生理前提作用15.心理学理论为我们认识人的发展及其规律作出了巨大的贡献，被誉为“20世纪发展心理学上最权威的理论”是（ CDE ）。A. 弗洛伊德的发展心理学理论B. 华生的发展心理学理论C. 皮亚杰的认知发展理论D. 维果茨基的“最近发展区”理论

5、E. 赞科夫的“一般发展”理论16.赞科夫依据其一般发展理论，提出了著名的教学原则（ ABE ）。A. 高难度原则B. 高速度原则C. 掌握学科结构原则D. 发现学习原则E. 以理论知识为主导原则17.人的身心发展的规律具有（ BCE ）等规律。A. 稳定性B. 顺序性C. 阶段性D. 不平衡性E. 个别差异性二，简答题1、人的身心发展的动因及其规律答：关于人的身心发展的动因，不同的学者有不同的看法，比较典型的有“内法论”和“外铄论”两种相互对立的学说。“内法论”认为，人的身心发展的动力来自人本身，人的发展的阶段和顺序完全由机体自身的成熟机制所决定。“外铄论”一般认为，人是社会环境的产物。根据

6、马克思关于事物发展的动因学说，事物的发展是由事物自身矛盾所决定的，事物内部矛盾是事物发展的内因，外因通过内因起作用。首先，人的需要是指机体因缺乏某种刺激而引起的一种稀缺状态或摄取状态。其次，社会的要求和一定的心理发展水平是需要形成的条件。再次，需要作为一种欲求状态，只是一种潜在的内驱力。人的身心发展规律有：（一）人的身心发展具有顺序性。（二）人的身心发展具有阶段性。（三）人的身心发展具有不均衡性。（四）人的身心发展还具有个别差异性。2、.简述教育的经济功能答：1.教育是提高经济效益的重要前提。 2.教育是知识经济社会发展的重要因素。 3.教育是现实生产力产生的重要手段。 4.教育是知识创新的重

7、要基础。3、简述教育的文化功能答：1.传递保存文化功能 2.传播丰富文化的功能 3.选择提升文化的功能 4.创造更新文化的功能 三、论述题1.如何理解教育优先发展是现代社会的普遍规律？（答题注意事项：论述题一不能仅仅回答要点，必须要有“论”的内容，也就是要展开论述；论述题二不能仅仅回答理论问题，必须有结合实际的内容。）答：教育优先发展有两个内涵，其一是社会用语发展教育的投资要适当超越于现有生产力和经济发展水平而超前投入；其二是教育发展要先于或优于社会上其他行业和部门而先行发展。因此教育优先发展又可称为教育超前发展或教育先行。社会为教育的发展投入充足的人、财、物，使教育能“更好地为社会服务”，是

8、教育优先发展的固有内涵。 教育先行的思想和命题的明确提出始于1972年联合国教科文组织国际教育发展委员会编写的学会生存一书。作者在书中这样写到：“现在，教育在全世界的发展正倾向于先于经济的发展”。教育优先发展在当今时代已经成为各国明智政府的一个战略选择，甚至被作为国策加以推行，这有其坚实的理论根据，那就是教育对于人和社会的发展具有基础性、全局性和先导性。20实际50年代以来，国际竞争日趋激烈，科学技术发展迅速。世界范围内的经济竞争、综合国力竞争，已由农业社会和工业社会的资源、资本竞争演变成当今科学技术和民族素质的竞争，而这些竞争聚焦于一点就是教育的竞争。教育有限发展是现代社会，特别是当今世界各

9、国经济、科技发展的关键，它所带来的巨大社会效应将波及物质文明发展、精神文明进步等各个方面。教育优先发展，已经是现代社会的普遍规律。四、作品题1.美国芝加哥大学教授舒尔茨被认为是教育经济学的创始人。他说：“教育作为经济发展的源泉，其作用是远远超过被看作实际价值的建筑物、设施、库存物资等物力资本的。”在谈到人力资源时说：“有技能的人的资源是一切资源中最为重要的资源，人力资本收益大于物力资本投资的收益。” 舒尔茨根据其人力资本学说，对美国历年高等教育费的收益率进行了计算。结果是，美国1929年到1957年教育投资在增加国民收入中作出贡献的比率是33%。由此出发，请谈谈你对教育所担负的经济功能的看法。

10、要点：（1）从辩证唯物主义者的立场以及辩证法的观点看，人在生产过程中是到关重要的，因此对人的教育投入就是对将来经济增长的最好投入。（2）有人说：“教育是生产力”，这一点都过分，因为决定生产力高低的人的素质，即教育水平的高低，直接影响着生产力的高低。（3）教育投入与成效的周期是漫长的持续的。（4）随着社会的发展，我们已进入知识经济时代，教育水平的高低，即人力资源水平的高低，完全控制着经济水平的高低。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！【Chinas 10 must-see animations】The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable

11、 growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 must-see classics from Chinas animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Lets recall these colorful images that brought the country gr

12、eat joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫芦娃) is a Chinese animation TV series produced byShanghaiAnimationFilmStudio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed stat

13、e compared to the rest of the international community. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of paper-cut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑猫警长) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the

14、Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2006, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series violence, and lack of suitability for childrens education. Proponents of the show clai

15、m that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir andteacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The heros real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was

16、 also full of compassion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克与贝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和贝塔) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who dont want to steal food like othe

17、r mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they co-founded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in th

18、is series, the content is very compact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Bo

19、ok, (Chinese: 天书奇谈)also referred to as Legend of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid combination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature Ping Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppressi

20、on of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the books contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heaven

21、s law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinesepainting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demonstrate the unique beauty of Chinas n

22、atural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋与灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊与灰太狼) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them. It is a popular domesti

23、c animation series and has been adapted intomovies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（Chinese: 哪吒闹海）is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel Fengshen Yanyi. A mother gave birth to a ball of flesh shaped like a l

24、otus bud. The father, Li Jing, chopped open the ball, and beautiful boy, Nezha, sprung out. One day, when Nezha was seven years old, he went to the nearby seashore for a swim and killed the third son of the Dragon King who was persecuting local residents. The story primarily revolves around the Drag

25、on Kings feud with Nezha over his sons death. Through bravery and wit, Nezha finally broke into the underwater palace and successfully defeated him. The film shows various kinds of attractive sceneries and the traditional culture of China, such as spectacular mountains, elegant sea waves and exquisi

26、te ancient Chinese clothes. It has received a variety of awards. Havoc in Heaven The story of Havoc in Heaven（Chinese: 大闹天宫）is based on the earliest chapters of the classic storyJourney to the West. The main character is Sun Wukong, aka the Monkey King, who rebels against the Jade Emperor of heaven.

27、 The stylized animation and drums and percussion accompaniment used in this film are heavily influenced byBeijingOpera traditions. The name of the movie became a colloquialism in the Chinese language to describe someone making a mess. Regardless that it was an animated film, it still became one of t

28、he most influential films in all of Asia. Countless cartoon adaptations that followed have reused the same classic story Journey to the West, yet many consider this 1964 iteration to be the most original, fitting and memorable, The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon【金猴降妖】 The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demo

29、n (Chinese: 金猴降妖), also referred as The Monkey King Conquers the Demon, is adapted from chapters of the Chinese classics Journey to the West, or Monkey in the Western world. The five-episode animation series tells the story of Monkey King Sun Wukong, who followed Monk Xuan Zangs trip to the West to

30、take the Buddhistic sutra. They met a white bone evil, and the evil transformed human appearances three times to seduce the monk. Twice Monkey King recognized it and brought it down. The monk was unable to recognize the monster and expelled Sun Wukong. Xuan Zang was then captured by the monster. For

31、tunately Bajie, another apprentice of Xuan Zang, escaped and persuaded the Monkey King to come rescue the monk. Finally, Sun kills the evil and saves Xuan Zang. The outstanding animation has received a variety of awards, including the 6th Hundred Flowers Festival Award and the Chicago International

32、Childrens Film Festival Award in 1989. McDull【麦兜】 McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created inHong Kongby Alice Mak and Brian Tse. Although McDull made his first appearances as a supporting character in the McMug comics, McDull has since become a central character in his own right, attracti

33、ng a huge following in Hong Kong. The first McDull movie McMug Story My Life as McDull documented his life and the relationship between him and his mother.The McMug Story My Life as McDull is also being translated into French and shown in France. In this version, Mak Bing is the mother of McDull, not his father. -可编辑修改-