Unit7 Grammar课件-牛津译林版英语八年级下册.pptx

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1、Passive voice in the simple present and past tenses词组1 慈善活动2 分发3 建立4 包括书本charity activitieshand outset upincluding booksn.传单传单,散页印刷品散页印刷品handouttheleaflets分发分发,提出提出1.,andabout80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedandcured.2.Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenter.3.Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboa

2、rdtolearnabouteyeoperations.4.,150patientsareoperatedon.Translate the following sentence into Chinese.语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。如：如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我们

3、每天都打扫教室。我们每天都打扫教室。Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天都被教室每天都被(我们我们)打扫。打扫。基本结构：基本结构：be+及物动词过去分词及物动词过去分词1.ThecakewaseatenbyDaniel.2.Nancyboughtabookyesterday.3.ThelittledogislookedafterverywellbySimon.4.HeisreadingEnglish.5.Thecomputerisboughtbymyuncle.6.Iamwokenupbymyfathereverymorning.Underline

4、 the passive voice in the following sentences.什么时候使用被动语态什么时候使用被动语态(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somewindowswerebrokenlastnight.Thisbookwassoldoutyesterday.(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。EducationalCD-ROMsaresoldinmanycountries.RiceisfirstgrowninChina.MrWuislikedbyallofhisstude

5、nts.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。注意：在被动语态的句子中注意：在被动语态的句子中,如果我们如果我们需要指出动作的执行者需要指出动作的执行者,可以由可以由by引出。引出。常用时态形式常用时态形式 1.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词（过去分词缩写成：（过去分词缩写成：P.P.）2.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词1.TodayEnglish_alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2.Themeeting_twoweeksago

6、.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3.Thethief_bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught4.Thephotos_whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.wastakenC.aretakenD.istaken5.Millieismybestfriend.I_often_toherparty.A.isinvitedB.aminvitedC.areinvitedD.wasinvited6.LastyearBeijing_byabigsandstorm.A.ish

7、itB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit主动语态和被动语态的句式转换主动语态和被动语态的句式转换主动主动语态语态主语主语She谓语谓语(主动式主动式)hurt宾语宾语me.被动被动语态语态原宾语原宾语(改改为主格为主格)I谓语谓语(被动式被动式)washurtby原主语原主语(改改为宾格为宾格)her.主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲1）变变：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句中：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语。（主语变为的主语。（主语变为by的宾语，可省去）。的宾语，可省去）。（2）套套：套用主动句中的时态套用主动句中的时态。（3）注意注意：注意人

8、称的变化而产生的注意人称的变化而产生的be动词形式的变化。动词形式的变化。TheirHomeworke.g.(1)Hecleansthewindowseveryday.(2)studentsfinishedtheirhomeworkyesterday.arecleanedbyhimeveryday.Thewindowswasfinishedbystudents1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewi

9、ndowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.areusedarecleaned(变被被动语态）4.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_toturnonthecomputer.5.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_bywomeninthisfactory.6.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyJapanese.Japanese_bythestudentsinthi

10、sschool.wasaskedisdoneA traffic accident _(happen)just now.happened2.连系动词连系动词（Link.v.)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,becomePeking Opera _(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性(特性特性)的时候的时候:The pen _(write)very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词不及物动

11、词（vi.)如如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,die一、注意（一、注意（不用被动语态的动词不用被动语态的动词）：区别：区别：1.This kind of shoes_in this mall.(sell)This kind of shoes_well in this mall.2.Rice _in South China.(grow)Rice_well in South China.is soldsellsis growngrows二、注意：二、注意：1).Weoftenhearhimplaythepiano.2).Shemademewaitforalo

12、ngtimeyesterday.Iwasmadetowaitforalongtimeyesterday.宾补是宾补是V-ing形式，应继续用形式，应继续用V-ing形式形式We heard the birds singing in the tree just now.The birds were heard singing in the tree just now.He is often heard to play the piano.1.在在see,watch,hear,make,feel 等动词后不定式等动词后不定式2.都不带都不带to,但改成但改成被动语态被动语态后要添后要添加加to.三

13、三注意：含有注意：含有双宾语双宾语的短语，将其中的一个宾语的短语，将其中的一个宾语(物物)变为主语时，要添加变为主语时，要添加to或或for+sb.1).Shegivesmeagift.Agiftisgiventomebyher.=Iamgivenagift byher.2).Mymotherboughtmeadressyesterday.Adresswasboughtformebymymotheryesterday.=Iwasboughtadressbymymotheryesterday.The Class 1,Grade 8 students are talking about the d

14、ifferent things people can do for the poor.Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes using the words in brackets and the passive voice.Add the word by when necessary.areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat they do every year1.Charityactivities_(plan/tohelpthepoor).arehandedouttopeopleLeaflets_(han

15、dout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).inthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhat they did last weekNewbooks_(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes_(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollected

16、forpoorpeopleAcharityshow_(hold/theStudentsUnion).washeldbytheStudentsUnionAmy and Daniel are talking about charities.Complete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.Amy:ImreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam_(setup)intheUKin1942,andthe

17、firstOxfamshop_(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedDaniel:Thatsgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem_(call)ProjectHope.It_(start)in1989.Withitshelp,mi

18、llionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry_(give)basiceducation.iscalledwasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools_(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuiltLanguage points1 Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942.set-set-set set up 建立建立,成立成立这所学校建于这所学校建于1999年。年。The school_ in 1999.政府想为贫困孩子建立一个学校。政府想为贫困孩子建立一个学校。The govern

19、ment wants to_ for the poor children.was set upset up a school2 include 动词，包括，包含，把动词，包括，包含，把.算在内算在内 including 介词，包括，包含介词，包括，包含这个著名的主题公园包括四种不同的公园。这个著名的主题公园包括四种不同的公园。This famous theme park _ four different kinds of parks.课程中涉及许多主题，包括旅行和饭店，食课程中涉及许多主题，包括旅行和饭店，食物和饮料，以及购物及金钱。物和饮料，以及购物及金钱。Many topic are co

20、vered in the course,_ travel and hotels,food and drink,and shopping and money.includesincludingPractice:1.Womenoftentalkaboutclothes.Clothes_often_aboutbywomen.2.DotheymakethiskindofbusinNanjing?_thiskindofbus_inNanjing?3.Theyusebroomsforsweepingthefloor.Brooms_forsweepingthefloor.4.Theybuiltmanytal

21、lbuildingsintheirhometownlastyear.Manytallbuildings_intheirhometownlastyear.aretalkedIsmadeareusedwerebuilt 将下列句子改成主动或被动语态将下列句子改成主动或被动语态 1.Workersusemetalformakingmachines.2.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.3.Thestudentscleanedtheclassroom.4.MysistertookthesephotosontheGreatWall.Metalisusedformakingmachines.E

22、nglishisspokenbymanypeople.Theclassroomwascleanedbythestudents.ThesephotosweretakenontheGreatWall.5.Thissongisoftensung.(用用thegirl做主语做主语)6.Thedictionarymustbetakengoodcareof.(用用you作主语作主语)7.AshortplaywillbeputonfortheEnglishevening.(用用he作主语作主语)HewillputonashortplayfortheEnglishevening.Youmusttakegood

23、careofthedictionary.Thegirloftensingsthesong.动词填空动词填空1.All the students _(ask)to bring a kite with them last Sunday.2.Are many ways _(try)to stop people from cutting down so many trees?3.Usually the thunder _(hear)after the lightning.(2009 无锡中考)4.This coat _(wash)well.96.So far over 1000 English wor

24、ds _(learn)by them.7.He couldnt explain why dinosaurs _(消失).8.Ill have my bike _(修理)tomorrow.5.Must the old people _(speak)to politely?10.wereasked triedisheardwashesbespokendisappearedmendedrepairedThe composition _ (hand)in tomorrow.Silk is often used for making shirts because it _ soft.(feel)havebeenlearnedbehandedfeels