第一讲阅读理解命题规律解析课件 高考英语二轮复习.pptx

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1、高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题讲练第一讲 阅读理解命题规律解析阅读理解命题规律解析大数据大数据120182021年年全国全国卷卷题型统计分析题型统计分析2018-2021高考英语阅读理解大数据分析高考英语阅读理解大数据分析题型题型2021全国全国乙乙卷卷2020全国全国卷卷2019全国全国卷卷细节理解题细节理解题775推理判断题推理判断题657主旨大意题主旨大意题122词义推断题词义推断题111阅读理解命题规律解析大数据大数据220192021年年体裁及体裁及主题分布分析主题分布分析卷别卷别题材及题材及主题分布主题分布ABCD2021全国乙卷全国乙卷应用文应用文（世界上最大的几座体育（世界上最大

2、的几座体育场）场）说明文说明文（很多澳大利亚家庭很多澳大利亚家庭选择座机的原因）选择座机的原因）说明文说明文（废弃塑料雕塑引（废弃塑料雕塑引发塑料垃圾关注）发塑料垃圾关注）说明文说明文（背景音乐对创（背景音乐对创造性思维的影响）造性思维的影响）2020全国全国卷卷应用文应用文（乘坐火车信息）乘坐火车信息）夹叙夹议夹叙夹议（重复阅读与自我提重复阅读与自我提升）升）说明文说明文（竞走运动及其与（竞走运动及其与跑步的不同）跑步的不同）说明文说明文（发光植物照明）（发光植物照明）2019全国全国卷卷应用文应用文（面向学生的暑期工作公（面向学生的暑期工作公告）告）记叙文记叙文（小学生总统竞选（小学生总统

3、竞选活动）活动）说明文说明文（智能键盘防止身（智能键盘防止身份信息盗窃）份信息盗窃）说明性议论文说明性议论文（受欢迎度对青（受欢迎度对青少年的影响）少年的影响）1.1.文章出处：英文文章出处：英文原版书籍原版书籍；国外期刊网站国外期刊网站。2.2.体裁特点体裁特点:考查全面考查全面,体裁体裁题材以题材以说明文说明文为主为主,应用文应用文、记叙文记叙文为辅为辅，偶尔考，偶尔考议论文议论文。3.3.题型特点题型特点:题型以题型以细节理解题和推理判断题细节理解题和推理判断题为主为主,以以主旨大意题主旨大意题和和词义推断题词义推断题为辅。为辅。3.3.主题语境主题语境:以以人与社会人与社会为主，以为主

4、，以人与自我人与自我、人与自然人与自然为辅。为辅。4.4.能能力力考考查查:文文章章信信息息量量大大,语语篇篇含含有有多多处处结结构构复复杂杂的的长长难难句句,对对考考生生的的阅阅读读速速度度和和快快速处理信息的能力速处理信息的能力要求很高要求很高。命题规律命题规律阅读理解命题规律解析1.预预计计2022年年高高考考阅阅读读理理解解的的难难易易度度仍仍会会保保持持稳稳定定,总总体体稳稳定定,稳稳中中求求变变;题题材材各各异异,体体裁裁多样多样;角度趋稳角度趋稳,设问科学。设问科学。2.题型仍会以细节理解题和推理判断题为主题型仍会以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,兼顾主旨大意题和词义推断题。兼顾主旨

5、大意题和词义推断题。命题趋势命题趋势阅读理解命题规律解析解解答答阅阅读读理理解解最最基基本本的的原原则则忠忠于于原原文文，把把握握文文章章主主旨旨大大意意，有有理理有有据据、不不能能主主观观臆断臆断解题步骤解题步骤：在理解文章主旨大意的基础上一定、二找、三比较：在理解文章主旨大意的基础上一定、二找、三比较一定一定：读题干，定关键词：读题干，定关键词二找二找：利用关键词，结合命题顺序，在文中找到信息句：利用关键词，结合命题顺序，在文中找到信息句三比较三比较：将信息与选项比较，选出正确答案。：将信息与选项比较，选出正确答案。正确的答案的特征正确的答案的特征 1.与主题吻合与主题吻合 2.同义替换同

6、义替换 3.语气委婉，不绝对化语气委婉，不绝对化 错误选项的特征错误选项的特征：无中生有、以偏概全、偷换概念、过度推理、常识干扰、绝对化：无中生有、以偏概全、偷换概念、过度推理、常识干扰、绝对化 阅读理解命题规律解析解题步骤解题步骤 1.What is the text mainly about?A.What appliances to buy to save energy.B.What a carbon footprint means in our life.C.How to identify different carbon footprints.D.How to make eco-fri

7、endly lifestyle choices.2.What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?A.It is related to our consumption of fuels.B.It is made when we are buying the products.C.It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.D.It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.3.Which of the followi

8、ng helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?A.Using second-hand textbooks.B.Using old and expensive cars.C.Buying new but cheap clothes.D.Buying new wooden furniture.4.“The footprint”underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in .A.using the product B.recycling the p

9、roduct C.making the product D.transporting the product真题演练（一）真题演练（一）In my everyday life,I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet.A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment,in particular climate chan

10、ge.It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives.Fortunately,nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than,lets say,20 years ago.But one question has been on my mind a lot lately:is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used tradition

11、ally produced goods?After doing some research,I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used.Let me try to explain.A carbon footprint is made up of two parts,the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排排放放)o

12、f carbon dioxide(CO2)from the burning of fuels,including household energy consumption and transportation.The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole life-cycle of products we use those related to their production and breakdown.真题演练真题演练 Based on this understandin

13、g,we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint.Things like dishes,clothes and furniture fall into the“secondary footprint”group,so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production.However,for the car and the other appliances(设设备备)that w

14、e need we can go with new,energy-saving models.I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90%of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory.So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models.The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making o

15、f new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.真题演练真题演练5.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space

16、protection.6.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A.Computers are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.7.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？A.Itl

17、l be environment-friendly.B.Itll reach consumers soon.C.Itll be made of plastics.D.Itll help speed up typing.8.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebook C.A novel.D.A magazine.真题演练（二真题演练（二）As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric（生

18、生物物测测量量）technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces.At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装装置置）that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely

19、measures the cadence（节节奏奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can determine

20、 peoples identities,and by extension,whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.真题演练真题演练 It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody type

21、s differently.In a study describing the technology,the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.真题演练真题演练Thank you!