宏观经济计量与核算课件.ppt
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1、二、宏观经济计量与核算二、宏观经济计量与核算 MEASURINGANATIONSINCOMETheCircularFlowHouseholdsGovernmentFirmsMarkets for Factorof ProductionFinancial MarketsMarkets for Goods Markets for Goods and Servicesand ServicesForeign CountryFirmRevenueIncomeFactorPaymentsPrivateSavingTaxesGovernmentDeficitConsumptionGovernmentPurc
2、hasesInvestmentImportExportInternationalCapitalFlowRichardStone(理查德斯通)1984年获诺贝尔经济学奖。二战期间,完成战争财源分析及1938和1940国民收入和支出估计白皮书。时任英国财政部顾问的凯恩斯感动地说:“我们在一个通过统计的快乐时代中”。1945年任剑桥大学新成立的应用经济学系的第一任主任。1950年,受联合国统计委员会委托,出版国民帐户体系(SNA),1968年修订后正式出版。1975年出版社会和人口统计系统(SSDS,Towardsasystemofsocialanddemographicstatistics)。Wa
3、ssilyLeontief(沃西里里昂惕夫)1973年获诺贝尔经济学奖。1906年出生在圣彼得堡,1929年任中国铁道部顾问,1931年进入美国国民经济研究局(NBER),1946年哈佛大学经济学教授。1941年出版美国经济结构:1919-1929,第一次用投入产出法进行经济结构分析。1966年出版投入产出经济学。国民收入帐户国民收入帐户 投入产出表投入产出表 资金循环表资金循环表 国际收支表国际收支表 国民资产负债表国民资产负债表国民帐户体系国民帐户体系A SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTSA SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTSGrossdomesti
4、cproduct(GDP)isameasureoftheincomeandexpendituresofaneconomy.Itisthetotalmarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagiventimeperiod.GrossDomesticProductImportantFeaturesofGDPOutputisvaluedatmarketprices.Itrecordsonlythevalueoffinal goods,notintermediate goods(thevalueiscountedonly
5、once).Itincludesbothtangiblegoods(food,clothing,cars)andintangibleservices(haircuts,housecleaning,doctorvisits).ImportantFeaturesofGDPItincludesgoodsandservicescurrentlyproduced,nottransactionsinvolvinggoodsproducedinthepast.Itmeasuresthevalueofproductionwithinthegeographicconfinesofacountry.Importa
6、ntFeaturesofGDPItmeasuresthevalueofproductionthattakesplacewithinaspecificintervaloftime,usuallyayearoraquarter(threemonths).WhatIsCountedinGDP?GDPincludesallitemsproducedintheeconomyandsoldlegallyinmarkets.WhatIsNotCountedinGDP?GDPexcludesmostitemsthatareproducedandconsumedathomeandthatneverenterth
7、emarketplace.Itexcludesitemsproducedandsoldillicitly,suchasillegaldrugs.GrossNationalProductGrossnationalproduct(GNP)isthetotalmarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinagivenperiodoftimebyanationspermanentresidents,regardlessofwheretheyare.ThreeOtherMeasuresofIncomeNetNationalProduct(NNP)P
8、ersonalIncomeDisposablePersonalIncomeNetNationalProduct(NNP)Thetotalincomeoftheresidentsofanationaftersubtractinglossesfromdepreciation.PersonalIncomeTheincomethathouseholdsandnoncorporatebusinessesreceive.DisposablePersonalIncomeTheincomethathouseholdandnoncorporatebusinesseshaveleftaftersatisfying
9、theirobligationstothegovernment.Gross National ProductFromStatisticalAbstractoftheUnitedStatesGNP National and Per Capita IncomeFromStatisticalAbstractoftheUnitedStatesNational IncomeFromStatisticalAbstractoftheUnitedStatesTheFourComponentsofGDPGDP(Y)isthesumofthefollowing:Consumption(C)Investment(I
10、)GovernmentPurchases(G)NetExports(NX)Y=C+I+G+NXTheFourComponentsofGDPConsumption(C):Thespendingbyhouseholdsongoodsandservices,withtheexceptionofpurchasesofnewhousing.Investment(I):Thespendingoncapitalequipment,inventories,andstructures,includingnewhousing.TheFourComponentsofGDPGovernmentPurchases(G)
11、:Thespendingongoodsandservicesbylocal,state,andfederalgovernments.Doesnotincludetransferpaymentsbecausetheyarenotmadeinexchangeforcurrentlyproducedgoodsorservices.NetExports(NX):Exportsminusimports.BreakdownofU.S.GDP:2000BreakdownofU.S.GDP:2000Consumption 69%Investment15%BreakdownofU.S.GDP:2000Consu
12、mption 68%Consumption 68%Government Purchases19%BreakdownofU.S.GDP:2000Investment15%Net Exports-1%BreakdownofU.S.GDP:2000Consumption 68%Investment15%Government Purchases19%RealversusNominalGDPNominalGDPvaluestheproductionofgoodsandservicesatcurrentprices.RealGDPvaluestheproductionofgoodsandservicesa
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