英汉对比与翻译全ppt课件.pptx
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1、经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用翻 译欢迎光临英对 比 与 翻 译汉English-Chinese Contrast and Translation左左 飚飚经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用English-Chinese Contrast and TranslationZuo Biao经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接
2、受服务的费用English-Chinese Contrast and Translation Zuo Biao经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用翻 译欢迎光临英对 比 与 翻 译汉Three Parts 1.Language transfer(语言迁移)(语言迁移)2.Linguistic contrast(语言对比)(语言对比)3.Contrast and translation(对比与翻译)(对比与翻译)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额
3、为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 Part OneLanguage Transfer in FL Learning:Interference or Facilitation?外语学习中的语言迁移:外语学习中的语言迁移:干扰还是促进?干扰还是促进?经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用What Is Language Transfer?Transfer is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between t
4、he target language and any other language that has been previously acquired.Odlin(1989:27)迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之间的相似和差异而产生的 影响。奥德林 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Two Types of TransferNegative Transfer (负迁移)Errors arise from analogy.类推会产生错误。Positive Transfer (正迁移)Errors d
5、ecrease by analysis.分析能减少错误。Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning.对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Negative Transfer(负迁移):Interference(干扰)Causes:analogical use of ones prior know
6、ledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯 Chinglish=English words+Chinese structure 汉语式英语=英语单词+汉语结构经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务
7、的费用Native Language Transfer Does Exist.母语迁移现象确实存在The age of the learner:around 20 学习者的年龄:20上下The learning context:Chinese 学习的语境:汉语经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples of Negative Transfer Phonological transfer (语音迁移语音迁移)The sound/n/or/f/does not exist in some Chi
8、nese dialects and /l/or/h/serves as a substitute.在有些中国方言(如南京/闽南方言)中没有辅音/n/或/f/,而用辅音/l/或/h/来替代。1、这位作家喜欢晚上写作。The writer likes writing at light.(night)他不怕死。He does not hear to die.(fear)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples of Negative Transfer He only eat two meal a
9、 day.2、他一天只吃两顿饭。Morphological transfer(词形迁移)(词形迁移)Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in Chinese.在汉语中,名词和动词都没有形态变化。(eats)(meals)我去年到北京去了三次。I go to Beijing 3 time last year.(went)(times)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples of Negative TransferShanghai is said
10、 to have thirty-three million population.3、据说上海有三千三百万人口。Collocation transfer (搭配迁移搭配迁移)The noun renkou,the Chinese equivalent of population,can have a numerical pre-modifier.Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以用前置数词来修饰。Shanghai is said to have a population of thirty-three million.Shanghai is said to have thir
11、ty-three million people.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples of Negative TransferMeasures must be taken to narrow the gap between the poor and the rich.4、要采取措施缩小贫富差距。Word order transfer (词序迁移)东南西北 或迟或早 悲欢离合 衣食住行 废寝忘食 水陆交通 饥寒交迫 田径项目 生老病死 the rich and the poor 经营者提
12、供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples of Negative TransferHe suggested me to accept this offer.5、他建议我接受这个报价。Syntactical transfer(句型迁移)The verb jianyi,jianyi,the Chinese equivalent of suggest,can be used in VOC pattern in Chinese.Suggest的汉语对应词“建议”在汉语中可以用“动词+宾语+补语”的结构。H
13、e suggested that I(should)accept this offer.He suggested my(me)accepting this offer.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples of Negative Transfer 6.-Your English is wonderful.-Oh,no.My English is still poor.Pragmatic transfer(语用迁移)The negative reply to a compliment i
14、s considered in Chinese as modest and courteous.对赞扬的否定回答在汉语中被视为谦虚有礼貌。-Your English is wonderful.-Thank you,but I still have a long way to go before I really master it.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Two Types of TransferNegative Transfer (负迁移)Errors arise from analog
15、y.类推会产生错误。Positive Transfer (正迁移)Errors decrease by analysis.分析能减少错误。We could turn negative transfer(interference)into positive(facilitation)by making analysis on differences between the two languages and arouse the learners awareness of avoiding or reducing errors from analogy.我们可以通过分析两种语言的差异,提高学生避
16、免或减少类推错误的意识,把负迁移(干扰)转化为正迁移(促进)。经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 Part TwoA Contrastive Study ofA Contrastive Study of English and Chinese English and Chinese英汉语对比研究英汉语对比研究经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Difference BetweenComparative St
17、udy and Contrastive Study Comparative Study lays emphasis on the similarities between languages and applies the diachronic method of research.比较研究着重寻找语言间的相似点,运用历时的研究方法。Contrastive Study lays emphasis on the differences between languages and applies the synchronic method of research.对比研究着重寻找语言间的不同点,运
18、用共时的研究方法。经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用语义型与形态型语义型与形态型经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Please translate the following:不要人云亦云。Dont say what others have said.这件事,你做也好,他做也罢,我看谁都做不好。Whether you do the matter or he does it,Im afraid neithe
19、r will do it well.支农惠农政策不断加强。Policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture.必须采取措施在石油资源耗尽之前开发新能源。Measures must be taken to develop new energy resources before petroleum resources are used up.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Please translate t
20、he following:你再不起床,我要掀被子了。If you should refuse to get up,I would pull off your quilt.本拉登不死,美国就不会停止对他的追杀。If bin Laden hadnt died,the US wouldnt have stopped hunting for him.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Please compare the underlined words:不要人云亦云。这件事,你做也好,他做也罢,我看谁都做不
21、好。支农惠农政策不断加强。必须采取措施在石油耗尽之前开发新能源。你再不起床,我要掀被子了。本拉登不死,美国就不会停止对他的追杀。Dont say what others have said.Whether you do it or he does it,Im afraid neither will do it well.Policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture.Measures must be taken to develop new energy resources before petr
22、oleum are used up.If you should refuse to get up,I would pull off your quilt.If bin Laden hadnt died,the US wouldnt have stopped hunting for him.Tense(时态)Voice(语 态)Mood(语气)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Lacking inflection in the strict sense缺少严格意义的形态变化老师们、同学们认真的态度、认
23、真地学习Retaining some inflections保留一些形态变化v.(动词):tense,aspect,voice,moodn.(名词):number,case,genderpron.(代词):person,gender,case,numberadj.(形容词):degreead.(副词):degreeChineseEnglish经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。Sickness comes like an avalanche,but goes like reel
24、ing silk.I wont go so long as he does.他去我不去。人无远虑,必有近忧。他人老心不老。Although he has aged physically,he remains young at heart.If one has no long-term considerations,he will find trouble at his doorstep.我来他已去。He had left when I arrived.(Condition 条件条件)(Contrast,Opposition 对照、转折对照、转折)(Time Order 时间先后时间先后)(Co
25、ncession 让步让步)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Contrast Between English and ChineseChinese语义型语言语义型语言(以意统形)Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence(隐性连贯)English形态型语言形态型语言(以形驭意)Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion(显性联接)经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增
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