高考英语阅读理解技巧之猜测词意ppt课件.ppt

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1、考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求本部分共分两节，测试考生的英语阅读理解能本部分共分两节，测试考生的英语阅读理解能力。要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般力。要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词量不超过量不超过3），并能从中获取相关信息。考生应），并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理

2、解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度、理解作者的意图和态度。If If you come across the new you come across the new words when reading,words when reading,What will you do What will you do?What difficulty do you have in reading?How to guess the meanings of words Ways to Guess the Words一一.Explanation（解释）（解释）二二.Context（上下文）（上下文）三三.

3、Word-formation（字形）（字形）四四.Examples（例子）（例子）五五.Common sense（常识）（常识）eg：Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.eg：Modernmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,amedicaltoolusedforlisteningtothemovementsofapersonslungandhisheartbeats.一、一、Explanation易碎的，脆弱的易碎的，脆弱的听诊器听诊器利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜利用文章

4、中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。测词义。信号词：信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas，thatis,等等，标点符号有等等，标点符号有：等等Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.Weareonthenightshift-workingfrommi

5、dnightto8a.m.-thisweek.木匠木匠动物学家动物学家牧人牧人夜班夜班Ex.1 carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,night shift二二.Context对比关系对比关系 同义、近义、反义关系同义、近义、反义关系因果关系因果关系e.g.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isveryabstemious.e.g.ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.1.1.对比关系对比关系

6、 污秽的污秽的,邋遢的邋遢的有节制的有节制的,节约的节约的能体现对比关系的词汇很多，能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有主要有but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrastwith等。标点符号分号等。标点符号分号有时也可表示对比。有时也可表示对比。Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoilturmoil.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyo

7、udissentdissent,write“no”.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnateinnate.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentinnocentofthetheft.混乱混乱无辜的无辜的天生的天生的不同意不同意Ex.2 turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent2.2.同义、近义、反义关系同义、近义、反义关系同义词替换的表达方法可以为我同义词替换

8、的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or,like,similaror,like,similar等。等。反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义。信号词中有义。信号词中有instead,but,notinstead,but,not等等e.g.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as m

9、other,and much shorter.圆胖的圆胖的,丰满的丰满的e.g.The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.取代取代,接替接替,撤换撤换 eg：Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual.Theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillcomelate.文中文中bepunctual的意思，可理解为的意思，可理解为“notcomelate”，即，即“准时，不迟到准时，不迟到”。e.g.MrSmithlove

10、stotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.显然，显然，similarly是个语境线索，它是个语境线索，它暗示暗示loquacious意为意为lovetotalk。Ex.3 symptoms,volatile,shiveredOneofsymptomscausedbythiskindofillnessisahighfever.Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwith

11、theterriblecold.症状症状易挥发的易挥发的颤抖颤抖3.3.因果关系因果关系:信号词：信号词：如如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result,so that,such that，therefore等表示前因后果等表示前因后果e.g.Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.e.g.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.弹性的弹性的

12、混浊的混浊的SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.Hessuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.复制品复制品精明的精明的修剪修剪Ex.4 replica,shrewd,trim 1.With their shining brown ey

13、es,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的2.2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等三三.Word-formation-er-or-ian-ist-ese-ess后缀后缀,构成可数名词猜一猜猜一猜:solut

14、ion solve druggist drugelectrician electricgreatness greatreminder remind构词法构词法-ment-tion-ness-sion-ery-ing后缀后缀,构成构成抽象抽象名词名词dis-im-mis-un-non-否定前缀否定前缀re-co-mini-over-pre-post-vice-en-tele-其其它它前前缀缀重复重复共同共同,平等平等小小过度过度-后后副的副的使使-可能可能远程远程-前前猜一猜:minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelat

15、ive nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president 微型汽车微型汽车战后战后超市超市预习预习学前学前回忆回忆,回想回想无关系的无关系的不标准的不标准的不忠诚的不忠诚的开锁开锁合作者合作者过分活跃过分活跃副总统副总统-al-ble-ern-ful-ish-ive-less-y-ly-ous形形容容词词后后缀缀enizeify动动词词后后缀缀e.g.weakenrealizesatisfy猜猜猜猜:strengthensimplifyactivatemountainouscourageouschangeableli

16、felesshillypeaceablefictionale.g.Wemustsafeguardtheworldpeace.AprotectBcareCpreventDtokeepsafewithgunse.g.Dontlistentohisnonsense.Ahavingnomeaning BmeaninglesswordsChumorousspeechDnotmakingsense维护维护,保护保护,捍卫捍卫胡说胡说,废话废话合成词合成词e.g.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggs

17、andmeat.e.g.IhavefoundLucyisquitegenerous,forexample,whenevershemeetsabeggar,shegivessomecoinstohim.四四.Examples家禽家禽慷慨的，大方的慷慨的，大方的eg:Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.eg:Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcha ripplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.五五.Commonsense膨胀，扩大膨胀，扩大收缩，

18、缩小收缩，缩小波纹，细浪波纹，细浪1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.2.Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.3.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaestheticanaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehe

19、doesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Ex.5 dowry,wither,anaesthetic嫁妆嫁妆枯萎枯萎麻药麻药因果因果猜猜构词法构词法How to guess the meaning of words?定义定义同同/反义词反义词对比对比转折转折上下文上下文生活生活常识常识解释解释Lets do some exercises to consolidate it.DiscussionExercises小试身手1.Albertssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesth

20、evalueofpersistence.2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.祝祝功功成成你你!A.timeB.competitionC.perseveranceA.成功的成功的B.徒劳的徒劳的C.有效的有效的D.匆促的匆促的A.上级上级B.前任前任C.同事同事D.下级下级4.Shedid

21、nthearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.5.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.祝祝功功成成你你!小试身手A.心不在焉的心不在焉的B.紧张的紧张的C.全神贯注的全神贯注的D.睡意浓的睡意浓的A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energeticA.stro

22、ngB.firmC.kindD.clever7.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.9.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool,orEnglishLearning.祝祝功功成成

23、你你!小试身手A.workB.studyC.nameD.interestA.townB.capitalC.countryD.houseA.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers10.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.11.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.12.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibl

24、etoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.祝祝功功成成你你!小试身手A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedryA.directB.indirectC.straightA.smallB.largeC.dull Now lets try some examples in the passages.Here are some examples in the exams.Try to guess the meanings of the underlined words in the following passages.Here is an exampl

25、e from one test paper分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。青少年太早来到学校上课，就坐在桌旁打盹。分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。青少年太早来到学校上课，就坐在桌旁打盹。而且我们知道而且我们知道“nod”有点头的意思。根据常识，打盹的时候会情不自禁地垂下头。有点头的意思。根据常识，打盹的时候会情不自禁地垂下头。eg：A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools:Dont start classes so early in the morning.It may n

26、ot be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy.And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(确保确保)bedtime.Instead,it may be that biologically these sleepyhead students arent used to the early hour.49.The underlined phrase“nod off”most probably means“_”.A.turn around B.agre

27、e with others C.fall asleep D.refuse to work Here is another example from the test paper.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据上下文原则里的并分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据上下文原则里的并列关系，我们通过一个列关系，我们通过一个and可以断定可以断定apprehensive跟跟nervous是同义词。是同义词。eg：A heart-warming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary

28、.All day she felt nervous and apprehensive.Late in the afternoon she summoned the courage to approach her employer.To her delight,the boss agreed to a raise.54.The underlined word in the second paragraph most probably means_A.worried B.eager C.certain D.afraid Here is another example from the test p

29、aper.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我们通过下文对们通过下文对cuisine这个词的补充解释，来判定它的基本这个词的补充解释，来判定它的基本意思为食物。意思为食物。eg：Each region has a distinctive local flavor.Here,wed like to introduce the best of Chinese cuisine.Now,there might be Chinese restaurants almost everywhere in the world,but I could

30、nt think of a better place or time to show the charm of it than at the Beijing Olympics.41.The underlined word in paragraph 1 most probably means_A.cooker B.cook C.food D.tradition Here is another example from the test paper.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我们通过下文对们通过下文对leg这个词的补充解释，来

31、判定它的基本意思这个词的补充解释，来判定它的基本意思为这个为这个bike tour的一部分，不要误选的一部分，不要误选A。A bike tour and race will be held on Aug 26 and 27.At 5:30 am,the riders will leave Tiananmen Square and ride the first 35 km as a training leg.Then the next 55 Km leg from Yanjiao to Jixian,will be the first competition.The underlined wor

32、d“leg”probably means _.A.race B.practice C.part of the training D.part of the tour Do more exercises.eg：Oneofthepredominantconcernstodayisthefutureofournaturalresources.Thisissueisofgreatestimportancebecauseitisbecomingcleartomanypeoplethatourpresentresourceswillnotlastforever.文中文中“predominant”的词义可猜

33、测为具有与的词义可猜测为具有与“ofgreatestimportance”相近的意思。相近的意思。eg：Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken手势手势,哑剧哑剧,舞剧舞剧eg：Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.文中文中“enormous”的词义可猜测为的词义可猜测为与与“large”的意思相近

34、。的意思相近。eg：Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyperson,whodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.根据文中根据文中“unlike.”的意思，可的意思，可将将gregarious理解为与文中理解为与文中“ashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.”相反的意思，即：表示相反的意思，即：表示“好交际的好交际的”。eg：Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.spectacles的词义，

35、从下文的词义，从下文“戴戴上上spectacles后开始阅读后开始阅读”可可以猜得其词义以猜得其词义“眼镜眼镜”。eg：Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.geometricforms的意思，可从的意思，可从文中所列举的三角形，正方形、圆文中所列举的三角形，正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为形来猜得其意义为“几何图形几何图形”。eg：Theyoverestimatetheintervieweesabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions.在

36、在overestimate词中词中over-是前缀，是前缀，意为意为“过分过分”。因此。因此overestimate的的词义可以猜测为词义可以猜测为“过高估计过高估计”的意思。的意思。eg：Weweretoldthatourswasthemostspaciousroominthehotel.Thatwaswhywehadtopaysomuchforit.Spacious是由词根是由词根space(空空间间)+ious(形容词后缀形容词后缀)构成。由构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为此我们可以猜得其大概意思为“有空间的，宽敞的有空间的，宽敞的”。小试身手1.Albertssuccessafter

37、mucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的成功的B.徒劳的徒劳的C.有效的有效的D.匆促的匆促的3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上级上级B.前任前任

38、C.同事同事D.下级下级祝祝功功成成你你!4.Shedidnthearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.A.心不在焉的心不在焉的B.紧张的紧张的C.全神贯注的全神贯注的D.睡意浓的睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveit

39、uphalfway.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever祝祝功功成成你你!7.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countryD.house9.Youcantakeanyofthep

40、eriodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool,orEnglishLearning.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers祝祝功功成成你你!10.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedry11.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.A.directB.indirectC.straight12.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.A.smallB.largeC.dull祝祝功功成成你你!