初中英语语法—动词的语态课件.pptx
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1、 动词的语态动词的语态一、动词的语态定义:一、动词的语态定义:动词语态是指特殊的动词形式,用以表示动作的主语和宾语之间的关系。动词语态是指特殊的动词形式,用以表示动作的主语和宾语之间的关系。1 1)在)在needneed,wantwant,requirerequire,deservedeserve和和bearbear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairingThe house needs repairing(to be repaired
2、to be repaired)2 2)形容词)形容词worthworth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而而worthyworthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-book is well worth readingThe picture-book is well worth reading (The picture-book is very worthy to be readThe picture-book is very worthy to be read)二、动
3、词语态的分类:主动语态和被动语态。二、动词语态的分类:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。一般现在时:一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month),once a week,etc.always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month)
4、,once a week,etc.基本结构:基本结构:bebe动词;动词;行为动词行为动词 否定形式:否定形式:am/is/are+not;am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,dont,如主语为如主语为 第三人称单数,第三人称单数,则用则用doesntdoesnt,同时还原行为动词。,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:一般疑问句:把把bebe动词放于句首;动词放于句首;用助动词用助动词dodo提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesdoes,同时,还原行为动词。,同时,还原行为动词。二
5、、一般过去时:二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month),in 1989,ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upo
6、n a time,etc.just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.基本结构:基本结构:bebe动词;动词;行为动词行为动词 否定形式:否定形式:was/were+not;was/were+not;在行为动词前加在行为动词前加didntdidnt,同时还原行为动词。,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:一般疑问句:waswas或或werewere放于句首;放于句首;用助动词用助动词dodo的过去式的过去式did did 提问,同时还原行为提问,同时还原行为动词。动词。三、现在进行时:三、现在进行时:概念:表
7、示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语:时间状语:now,at this time,these days,etc.now,at this time,these days,etc.基本结构:基本结构:am/is/are+doing am/is/are+doing 否定形式:否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句:把一般疑问句:把bebe动词放于句首。动词放于句首。四、过去进行时:四、过去进行时:概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。概念:表示过去某段时间或某一
8、时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语:时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that timeat this time yesterday,at that time或以或以whenwhen引导的谓语动词是一般过去引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。时的时间状语等。基本结构:基本结构:was/were+doing was/were+doing 否定形式:否定形式:was/were+not+doing.was/were+not+doing.一般疑问句:把一般疑问句:把waswas或或werewere放于句首。放于句首。五、现在完成时:五、现在完成时:概念:过去发生或
9、已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语:时间状语:recently,lately,sincefor,in the past few years,etc.recently,lately,sincefor,in the past few years,etc.基本结构:基本结构:have/has+done have/has+done 否定形式:否定形式:have/has+not+done.have/has+not+done.一般疑问句:一般疑问句:have
10、have或或hashas。六、过去完成时:六、过去完成时:概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即前完成的行为,即“过去的过去过去的过去”。时间状语:时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month),etc.before,by the end of last year(term,month),etc.基本结构:基本结构:had+done.had+done.否定形式:否定形式:had+not+done.had+not+done.一般疑问
11、句:一般疑问句:hadhad放于句首。放于句首。七、一般将来时:七、一般将来时:概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语:时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,in a few minutes,by,the tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,in a few minutes,by,the day after tomorrow,etc.day after tomorrow,etc.基本结构:基本结构:am/i
12、s/are/going to+doam/is/are/going to+do;will/shall+do.will/shall+do.否定形式:否定形式:was/were+not;was/were+not;在行为动词前加在行为动词前加didntdidnt,同时还原行为动词。,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:一般疑问句:bebe放于句首;放于句首;will/shallwill/shall提到句首。提到句首。八、过去将来时:八、过去将来时:概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。时间状语:时间状语:the next day(
13、morning,year),the following month(week),etc.the next day(morning,year),the following month(week),etc.基本结构:基本结构:was/were/going to+dowas/were/going to+do;would/should+do.would/should+do.否定形式:否定形式:was/were/not+going to+do;would/should+not+do.was/were/not+going to+do;would/should+not+do.一般疑问句:一般疑问句:wasw
14、as或或werewere放于句首;放于句首;would/shouwould/shou三、主动语态和被动语态的构成及用法三、主动语态和被动语态的构成及用法被动语态的构成被动语态的构成1.1.被动语态的基本结构:被动语态的基本结构:be+be+动词过去分词动词过去分词 2.2.各种时态的主动被动语态结构各种时态的主动被动语态结构 被动语态的基本结构:被动语态的基本结构:被动语态的基本结构:被动语态的基本结构:主语主语+be+be+过去分词过去分词(+by+(+by+动作的发出者)动作的发出者)一般现在时:一般现在时:am/is/are+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词 Trees are pl
15、anted every year.Trees are planted every year.现在进行时现在进行时 am/is/are+being+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词The road is being repaired.The road is being repaired.现在完成时现在完成时 have/has+been+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词The work has been finished.The work has been finished.一般过去时一般过去时 was/were+was/were+过去分词过去分词The story w
16、as told by him.The story was told by him.Many birds were killed last year.Many birds were killed last year.过去进行时过去进行时 was/were+being+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词 The new house was being painted when I got home.The new house was being painted when I got home.过去完成时过去完成时 had+been+had+been+过去分词过去分词 He told m
17、e that the work had been finished.He told me that the work had been finished.一般将来时一般将来时 will+be+will+be+过去分词过去分词 The problem will be discussed tomorrow.The problem will be discussed tomorrow.过去将来时过去将来时 would/should+be+would/should+be+过去分词过去分词 He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.He s
18、aid that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态情态动词情态动词+be+be+过去分词过去分词 The problem must be solved soon.The problem must be solved soon.Children should be taught to love animals.Children should be taught to love animals.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1.1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。不知道动作的执行者是谁。2 2没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。没
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