高考英语状语从句讲解ppt课件.pptx

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1、AdverbialClauseN.Adj.Adv.状语时用来修饰状语时用来修饰 词词,词词,词词或或 的一种句子成分的一种句子成分.它可以表示时间、地点、它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。其中其中,副词副词,介词介词,介词短语介词短语,分词分词(短语短语),名词名词,不定式不定式,句子句子都可充当状语。都可充当状语。当充当状语的部分是一个当充当状语的部分是一个句子句子时，也就是状语时，也就是状语从句。从句。分类如下：分类如下：动动形容形容副副句子句子状语从句状语从句1.时间时间状语从句状语从句2.地点地点状语从句状语从

2、句3.原因原因状语从句状语从句4.条件条件状语从句状语从句5.让步让步状语从句状语从句6.目的目的状语从句状语从句7.结果结果状语从句状语从句8.方式方式状语从句状语从句9.比较比较状语从句状语从句一一 状语从句高考的考查特点状语从句高考的考查特点1.1.试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点(不同性质的连词不同性质的连词;定语从句和名词性从句的干扰定语从句和名词性从句的干扰)2.2.题干句的题干句的情景化增强情景化增强,句意理解难度提高句意理解难度提高Go back where you lived._Go back to the village where you

3、lived._where前有定语从句的先行词前有定语从句的先行词状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句二二 能力要求：能力要求：1.1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语 从句中从句中经常使用的连词经常使用的连词2.2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句 的的逻辑关系逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连从而能够使用恰当的连 词完成交际词完成交际.3.3.能够辨别同类状语从句中能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的近似连词的 用法区别用法区别.常见考点：常见考点：考点一考点一、主句与从句的、主句与从句的时态呼应时态呼应问题；问题；考点二考点二、连接词的选

4、择连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：（注意区别几组连接词：while/as/when引导时间状语从句；引导时间状语从句；because/since/as/for引导原因状语从句；引导原因状语从句；if/unless引导条件状语从句；引导条件状语从句；sothat/suchthat引导结果状语从句等）；引导结果状语从句等）；考点三考点三、状语、状语从句从句与与非谓语非谓语动词之间的动词之间的替换替换；考点四考点四、状语从句的、状语从句的倒装结构倒装结构（hardly/scarcelywhen；nosoonerthan等）等）时间状语从句时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词引导时间状语从句的从属

5、连词1.基本类：基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once,as soon as,etc.2.名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,etc.(一一就就);every time,each time,the last time,the first time,etc.3.副词类（由副词充当引导词）：副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately,directly,instantly,etc.(一一.就就.)4.句型类：句

6、型类：no soonerthan,hardly/scarcely when,etc.(一一就就)e.g.I will give you an answer immediately I finish my work.e.g.Scarcely had he gone when she appeared.用于句首时应引起用于句首时应引起部分倒装部分倒装,且前部分一般用且前部分一般用过去完成时过去完成时 as引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句,可以表达可以表达“正当正当”，“一一 边边一边一边”，“随着随着”等意思。等意思。1.表示某事一发生，另一事表示某事一发生，另一事立即立即发生。发生。As t

7、he sun rose,the fog disappeared.2.表示在某事发生的表示在某事发生的过程中过程中，另一事发生。，另一事发生。Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion.3.表示两个动作表示两个动作同时同时发生。发生。(一边一边一边一边)Helen sang a song as she washed.4.表示表示“随着随着.”.常指一个行为是另一个行为的常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态状态的的发展变化发展变化。As she gr

8、ew older,she became more beautiful.1.as,while,when的区别的区别while:持续性动词持续性动词进行时进行时一般或现在情况一般或现在情况将来情况将来情况V一般现在时或现在进行时一般现在时或现在进行时过去情况过去情况e.g.I like listening to music while I am doing my homework.e.g.Im going to the post office.-While you are there,can you get some stamps for me?e.g.I hurt my shoulder whi

9、le I was doing gym.while常表示一段常表示一段较长的时间较长的时间或一或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是词所表示的动作或状态是同时同时发生的，发生的，它引导的从句用它引导的从句用延续性动词延续性动词，若从句，若从句中是非延续性动词，则不用中是非延续性动词，则不用while.侧侧重于主从两个动作或状态的对比重于主从两个动作或状态的对比。p207While I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend.(while=_)While I really d

10、ont like art,I find his work impressive.(while=_)While there is life there is hope.(while=_)He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.（while=_）whenalthough as long asWhile 在句中的不同含义在句中的不同含义:however while用法的归纳用法的归纳.作作并列并列连词连词,意为意为“然而然而,却却”,表对比表对比(=however)He likes football while his brother lik

11、es basketball.2.引导时状从句引导时状从句(=when)While he was doing his homework,his mother came in.引让状从句引让状从句,表表“虽然虽然,尽管尽管”,置于句首置于句首(=although)While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.引导条状从句引导条状从句,表表“只要只要”(=as long as)Ill do everything for you while you are happy.when:持续性非持续性动词都可持续性非持续性动词都可当当时时就在

12、那时，正在这时就在那时，正在这时=andatthis/thattimee.g.When I first saw her,I fell in love with her.-When did you get home?-It was eight oclock when I got home.1)They were walking down the street when they saw an accident.(A=B)2)I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me.(AB)3）I had just finished my work

13、when he came back.(A B)尽管虽然鉴于如果届时尽管虽然鉴于如果届时1.He walks when he might take a taxi.2.The Queen will visit the town in May,when she will open the new hospital.3.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?4.How could I live in Los Angeles when all my favorite people live here?虽然虽然届时届时如果如果鉴于鉴于

14、,既然既然 when 还有一些较为灵活的翻译还有一些较为灵活的翻译:1 When he _(come)back,please tell him to meet me at my es2 I will tell him when she _back.3 I would tell him when she _escame4-When_youcometoseeme,Dad?-Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_thetrainingcoursing.A.do;willhavefinishedB.will;willfinishC.do;arefinishingD.will;finish时间状

15、语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用用一般过去时代替过去将来时一般过去时代替过去将来时Hefellasleep_hewasreading.Ikeptsilent_hewaswriting.Shesang_shewentalong.Itwasraininghard_wearrived.Ithoughtofitjust_youopenedyourmouth.Thingsaregettingbetterandbetter_timegoeson.Itscold_itsnows.Iwillgohome_hecomesback.Wewereabouttostart

16、_itbegantorain.Helikescoffee,_shelikestea._aboy,helivedinJapan._reading,hefellasleep._introuble,askherforhelp.when/while/aswhileaswhen/aswhen/asaswhenwhenwhenwhileAs/WhenWhen/WhileWhen/While主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作从句表示的是一个持续性动作主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句

17、所指的整个时间主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间同时进行同时进行,“一边一边一边一边”主句主句-持续性动作持续性动作,从句从句-短暂性动作短暂性动作主从句主从句-几乎同时发生的短暂性动作几乎同时发生的短暂性动作正在发展变化的情况正在发展变化的情况,“随着随着”“每当每当的时候的时候”(暗示一种规律性暗示一种规律性)有先后顺序有先后顺序表示表示“这时这时(突然突然)”“而而”、“却却”(表示对比表示对比)as/when+名词，构成省略句名词，构成省略句,while无此用法无此用法when/while+现在分词现在分词/介词短语介词短语/形形容词等构成省略句，但容词等构成省略句，但as一般不这

18、样用一般不这样用before引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 before引导的时间状语从句，常译为引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在在之前之前”，表示表示主句主句的动作发生在的动作发生在从句从句的动作的动作之前之前。1.We clean the classroom before we leave school every day.2.It will not be long before you regret for what youve done.不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。after引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 after引导的时间状语从句，常译

19、为引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在在之后之后”，表示表示主句主句的动作发生在的动作发生在从句从句的动作的动作之后之后。After you use plastic bags,you mustnt throw them about.用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。连接词连接词before的小结：的小结：1.Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.2Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.3Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.4BeforeIcouldge

20、tinaword,hewalkedaway.“才才”“不到不到.就就”“趁趁”“还没来得及还没来得及”从句中常含有情态动词can/could1）句型）句型Itwillbe/was段时间段时间before“还要过还要过/过了过了多久才多久才”如：如：Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.Itwastwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry2）句型）句型Itwillnotbe/wasnot一段时间一段时间before“不不多久就多久就”如：如：Itwasnttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry.since引导的时

21、间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 since引导的引导的时间时间状语从句，常译为状语从句，常译为“自从自从”，主句主句常用常用现在完成现在完成时，时，从句从句常用常用一般过去一般过去时。时。例句翻译：我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。例句翻译：我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。We havent seen each other since we parted/broke up.常用句型：常用句型：It has been(is)+时间段时间段+since从句从句 “自从自从有多长时间了有多长时间了”例句翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。例句翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。It has been(i

22、s)six years since she graduated from the university.since的用法：的用法：since表表从从过过去去某某一一时时间间或或动动作作、事事情情起起到到目前目前为为止止，“自自.以以 来来”引引导导状状语语从从句句时时，主主句句用用现现在在完完成成时时或或现现在在完完成进行成进行时，从句中用一般过去时。时，从句中用一般过去时。Ive been living here since I came to Beijing.I have written home four times since I came here.常用句型：常用句型：it is(h

23、as been).+since+一般过去时一般过去时It is/has been five years since I began to learn English.since句型中如果从句谓语是句型中如果从句谓语是延续性延续性的的动作或状态，则它所表示的动作或状态，则它所表示的时间从该动时间从该动作或状态作或状态结束时结束时算起！（否定含义）如：算起！（否定含义）如：Itis3yearssinceI began to smokeI smoked(gave up smoking 自从我戒烟以来自从我戒烟以来).(自从我开始抽烟以来自从我开始抽烟以来).It is 5 years sinceI

24、have never seen himsincehe joined the army.he was a soldier.he fell ill.he was ill.生病以来生病以来.病愈以来病愈以来.翻译：翻译：It has been 5 years since he lived here退伍以来退伍以来.他离开这已经有五年时间了。他离开这已经有五年时间了。until/till引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 until/till 引导的引导的时间状语时间状语从句，常译为从句，常译为“直到直到时时”，表示主句动作发生在从句表示主句动作发生在从句之前之前。当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是延

25、续性动词延续性动词时，主句常用时，主句常用肯定肯定形式。形式。例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。Ill stay here until you come back.当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词非延续性动词时时,主句常用主句常用否定否定形式。形式。not until“直到直到才才”，这时，这时until 可用可用before替换。替换。He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.例句：他直到做完作业才睡觉。例句：他直到做完作业才睡觉。not.until的倒装句和强调句。的倒装句和强调句。He d

26、idnt stop until he had finished all his work.倒倒装装句句:Not until he had finished all his work did he stop.强强调调句句:It was not until he had finished all his work that he stopped.强调句句式为：强调句句式为：It was/is not until thatassoonas引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，译为引导的时间状语从句，译为“一一就就”，表示从句动作表示从句动作一发生一发生，主句

27、的动作，主句的动作马上就发生马上就发生。例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.相当于相当于as soon as 用法的词或短语还有：用法的词或短语还有：immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant等等.Ill give him your message the minute he arrives.Directly I had done it,I knew I had made a mis

28、take.名词短语名词短语引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 the moment,the minute,the instant,the time,the hour,the day,by the time,each time,every time,next time,any time等等也可以引导时间状语从句。也可以引导时间状语从句。I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.By the time you arrived,the lecture had already ended.By the time he comes,w

29、e will already have left.Bythetime的用法这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。Bythetimehewas12,_tomorethan30countriestogethisdiseasescured.到到12岁时，他已去过岁时，他已去过30多个国家治疗疾病。多个国家治疗疾病。BythetimeIgraduatenextyear,I_herefor5years.到明年毕业时，我将在这里待了到明年毕业时，我将在这里待了5年了。年了。Bythetimehewentabroad,_.=when出国那年，他出国那年，他14岁。岁。hehadtraveled

30、Iwillhavelivedhewasfourteen.1.When every time I was in trouble,he wouldcometohelpme.2.At next time you come,do remember bringyoursonhere.3.ForthefirsttimeImetthegirl.Ifeltinlovewithher.4.Youarewelcometocomebackatanytimeyouwantto.5.AtthelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.语法规则：语法规则：every time,each ti

31、me,next time,the first time,any time 等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。考点考点:名词短语引导时间状语从句名词短语引导时间状语从句其他连词其他连词引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 no sooner than,hardly/scarcely/barelywhen引导引导时间状语从句时间状语从句,从句从句用一般用一般过去过去时，时，主句主句用用过去完成过去完成时。时。当当no sooner,hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首时，主句要位于句首时，主句要用用部分倒装部分倒装。（情态动词。（情态动词/be动词动词

32、/助动词提至主语前）助动词提至主语前）I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。1.I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.A.while B.after C.in case D.the minute2.How long do you think it will ta

33、ke _ our product becomes popular with the consumers A.when B.until C.before D.since3._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.With B.since C.As D.While4.He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.while地点状语从句用连接副词地点状语从句用连接副词 where或或wherever(在任何地方在任何地方)

34、引导（可理解为特指与泛指）引导（可理解为特指与泛指）e.g.a.Just stay where you are.b.Where there is a will,there is a way.c.You can sit wherever you like.d.Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.1.When he reads a book,his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him.A.there B.wherever C.the place D.in wh

35、ich引导词：引导词：where，whereverIllgowhereverhegoes.Illgowherehewent.-Canyoutellme_youarefrom?-Itisnotimportant_Icamefrom.A.when;wheneverB.where;whereverC.theplace;whereD.wherever;where我要去他去的地方我要去他去的地方.他去哪我就去哪他去哪我就去哪.地点状语从句与定语从句的区别地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.-Wheredoyouplantowork?-Ivemadeupmymindtogo_Immostneeded.A.to

36、theplaceB.towhichC.thatD.where2.Iwillgotoacountryforaholiday_therearealotofflowersandtrees.A.intheplaceB.whereC.whichD.wherever辨析辨析:Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.原因状语从句原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：常用的连接词是：because,as,since,now that,for

37、,和和considering that,seeing that 这七个连词都用于表示表示原这七个连词都用于表示表示原因因,但在语气上一个比一个弱。但在语气上一个比一个弱。e.g.He didnt come to school because he was ill.c.f.He might be ill,for he didnt come to school.表示表示“直接直接”原因。原因。表示表示“间接的推断间接的推断”原因原因.不可出现在句首。不可出现在句首。原因状语从句原因状语从句1)because表示某件事情发生的表示某件事情发生的直接原因直接原因或理由。它的语气很或理由。它的语气很强强

38、，因而常用来回答因而常用来回答why的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如：气最强。如：Hedidntcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.2)since常表示对方常表示对方已经知道的既成事实已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成要弱，一般译成“既然既然”。如：如：Sinceyouarehere,whynotstayforafewmoredays?3)as常用于表示常用于表示十分明显的原因十分明显的原因，说明因果关系

39、，重点放在主句，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成上，语气较弱，常译成“由于由于”。如：。如：Asitsgettingdarker,wemustgohomenow.4)for只是一个只是一个并列连词并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行释，对前一个分句进行附加说明附加说明。如：。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetNowthat,seeingthat,when.because,since,as,for的区别的区别:because直接原因，非推断语气最强直接原因，非推断语气

40、最强 回答回答why的问题。的问题。since 通常放句首译为通常放句首译为“既然既然”as 不谈自明的原因不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。，语气最弱。for 放句中，引导后半句表原因放句中，引导后半句表原因,或补充推断或补充推断 的理由的理由。1.I danced in front of the people _ I liked it.2.Youd better wear strong shoes _ well do a lot of walking.3._ he was not well,I decided to go without him.4._ everybody know about i

41、t,I dont want to talk any more.5.He must be ill,_ he is absent Today.6.Some people believe that _ oil is running out,the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.becauseasAsSinceforsince1.在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，引导，不可用不可用as或或since.2.because可以引导表语从句可以引导表语从句,而而as,since不可以，这时主语一般不可以，

42、这时主语一般都是都是it,this,that It was _ he was ill that he didnt go with us.Its_ he is too lazy.3.since表示表示“既然既然”，只能放主句前，只能放主句前._ we have no money,we cant buy that vase.because用用because,as,since 填空填空becauseSince 条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。中通常用

43、一般现在时表示将来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导：条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if,unless (除非除非),as/so long as(只要只要),on condition(只要只要),once(一旦一旦),in case(假使假使),providing/provided(that)等等。e.g.a.Well come over to see you on Saturday if we have time.b.We should serve the people as/so long as we live.1.We will be able to get there on time,_ ou

44、r car doesnt break down on the road.A.as soon as B.as far asC.as long as D.as well as2.In time of serious accidents,_ we know some basic things about first aid,we can save lives.A.whether B.untilC.if D.unless3._ you have tried it,you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A.Unless B.Because C.Although D.Wh

45、en _ you touch an English person,you should say“sorry”._ they are dirty,certain seas are not able to clean themselves._ we dont lose heart,well find a way to overcome the difficulty.You can be allowed to play the game _you finish your homework first.Dont touch anything _ your teacher tells you to.If

46、OnceAs long ason condition thatunless 在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。从句。常用引导词：常用引导词：though,although,even if,even though,no matter+疑问词疑问词(what/who/where/when/which/how)疑问词疑问词-ever(whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever)特殊引导词：特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while

47、(一般用在句首一般用在句首)，whether or,whether()or notthough,although 判断以下句子是否正确：判断以下句子是否正确：Although he is rich,but he is not happy.Although he is rich,yet he is not happy.Although we have grown up,our parents still treat us as children.要点归纳：要点归纳：though,although当当“虽然虽然”讲讲,都不能和都不能和 but 连用连用.但是他们都可以同但是他们都可以同yet(st

48、ill)连用连用.ever if,even thougheven if 和和 even though 表示表示“”即使即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.as引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 as 引导的让步状语从句，必须将从句中的引导的让步状语从句，必须将从句中的 、以及谓语中的以及谓语中的 提前至从句句首，作表语的单数提前至从句句首，作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需 。表语表语状语状语实意动词实意动词省略省略Though he works hard,he makes little progres

49、s.Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.Though you may object,Ill go.Object as you may,Ill go.whether or,whether()or notwhether or,whether or not 表示表示“不论是否不论是否”，“不管是不

50、管是还是还是”。其引导的从句旨在说明正反两。其引导的从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Whether you believe it or not,it is true.Youll have to attend the party whether you are free or busy.while 也可以引导让步状语从句，意为也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管尽管”，语气比，语气比though/although弱。其引导的从句一般位于弱。其引导的从句一般位于 。句首句首例句：我尽管喜欢它的颜色，但不喜欢它的形状。例句：我尽管喜欢它