英语报刊选读--词汇特色课件.ppt

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1、第三章第三章词汇特色词汇特色用词简洁具体 借用人、物名称新词层出不穷生造词新颖别致缩略词屡见不鲜时髦词过目不忘 新闻报道陈述的是客观事实，不同于文学创作，用词简明扼要，准确清晰，且一般使用的也是通俗大众话的词汇。E.g.brutal murder angry mob final outcome consensus of opinion controversial issue 用词简洁具体用词简洁具体silver spherestarFirmamentheaven blithejoyfulapproximatelyaboutdemonstrateshowapprehension fearThe

2、tower was totally destroyed in the earthquake.He noticed the phenomenon that oil price is skyrocketing these days.His proposition was not accepted by the committee.1.He is working hard to improve his English level.2.The bank has lost approximately$100,000 in the stock market.3.People are worried abo

3、ut the situation of the bad financial crisis.4.Audience are amazed at the surprising wonder created by the magician.5.He will attend a conference on the issue of climate change.6.The second term commences in March.Practice Practice 新闻英语受众广泛，使用多数人能理解又生动的词语。借用各国首都地名，著名建筑物及政府首脑姓名以代替该国或其政府机构。有时还借用某个物品表示

4、某个意思更加具有新闻性和通俗性。e.g.Loose lips lead to trouble or British Tories.White House explores aid for auto deal.A royal pain for the crown借用人、物名称借用人、物名称Big Apple(大苹果)美国纽约市 Big Board(纽约证券交易所的大行情板)纽约证券Broadway(百老汇大街)美国或纽约市商业性戏剧 City of Angels(天使城)洛杉矶 City of Brotherly Love(博爱城)费城 City by the Golden Gate(金门城)旧

5、金山市 Crescent City(新月城)新奥尔良市 Dice City(赌城)(美国以夜总会和赌场著称的)拉斯韦加斯市 Empire State(帝国州)纽约州 Fun City (逍遥城)纽约市 Golden State (黄金州)加利福尼亚州 Hollywood (好莱坞)美国电影业；美国电影界 Hub of the Universe (宇宙中心)波士顿市 Madison Avenue(美国广告业中心)麦迪逊大街 美国广告业美国商业 Mother of Presidents(总统之母)美国弗吉尼亚州或俄亥俄州 Steel City (钢城)匹兹堡市 Windy City (多风城)芝加

6、哥市 White House(白宫)美国政府；美国总统 the City (英国首都伦敦市中心)伦敦城 英国商业界；英国金融界 Fleet Street (舰队街)英国新闻界 Scotland Yard (苏格兰场；伦敦警察局)伦敦警方 Elysee(法国总统官邱)爱丽舍宫法国政府；法国总统 Maginot Line (第二次大战前法国所筑防御阵地体系)马其诺防线盲目行动；迷恋于维持现状 Quai dOrsay (法国外交部附近地名)凯道赛码头法国外交部；法国外交政策；法国政府 BermudaBermuda Triangle 百慕大(魔鬼)三角危险的禁区 Horn of Africa (非洲之

7、角)索马里和埃塞俄比亚 Tell what the underlined part of each sentence refers Tell what the underlined part of each sentence refers to to.1.McCain Fights to Keep Crucial Blue State in play.2.The Bush administration is examining a range of options.3.The Hunt for Greenbacks.4.some manner of relief has started to

8、come to the Wall Street.5.The tension in Downing Street over whether Blair would have to resign.5.The Kremlin declined to make any comment asGuess what the following words refer toGuess what the following words refer toCapitolCapitol HillHillMotor CityMotownPentagonPentaBuckingham PalaceZhongnanhaiJ

9、ohn Bull 时代变迁，社会进步，新词语层出不穷，逐渐收入词典，成为现代英语一部分e.g.walkman cybercash e-commerce 电子商务 e-waste blogger 博客 bullett train IT 信息技术 telepolling infortainment 新闻娱乐化 Glocalization iPod iPhone iPad 新词层出不穷新词层出不穷廉政建设廉政建设八荣八耻八荣八耻假日经济假日经济三农工作三农工作 中国硅谷中国硅谷福娃福娃啃老族啃老族弱势群体弱势群体现代汉语中新词语的出现与这些领域里产生的新事物、新问题、新现象等无不一一有着千丝万缕的关

10、系，如“物质文明”（material progress）、“精神文明”（intellectual and ideological development）、“宰客”（rip off）、“打白条”（issue IOUs）、“关系网”（network of personal connections）、“下海”（risk ones fortune in business）、“跳槽”（job-hop）等等。因此，这类新词的出现是伴随着特定的政治、社会等环境而产生的，因此他们具有明显的社会性，易于被接受。汉语新词英译汉语新词英译 改革开放以来，现代汉语中出现了大量的新词汇，包括旧词新义、流行语、外来新词

11、语等；甚至不少己湮没多年的旧词语也频频亮相，给人们以耳目一新之感。在改革开放的今天，由于词典等工具书的编纂周期难以赶上现实生活中新词语的产生速度，我们面临的一大难题就是如何把这些新词语译成地道的英语。而英语报刊正好起到了为一般双语词典“拾遗补缺”的作用，如“拳头产品”、“人才流动”、“三资企业”、“扫黄运动”、“小康水平”、“退居二线”，“与国际接轨”等词语的英译，首先都是见诸英语报端的。1）The central government called on every region to develop its own export-oriented hit products accordin

12、g to its local advantages and characteristic.（中央政府号召各地利用本地优势和特点开发当地的出口型拳头产品。）2）In order to fully tap the human resources，the rational flow of trained personnel should not only be allowed but also be encouraged（为了充分发掘人才潜力，不仅应该允许人才合理流动，而且还要鼓励人才流动。）3）To further develop the export-oriented economy,Shang

13、hai is to make a number of preferential policies soon to encourage business people both at home and abroad to set up more enterprises in the three forms of ventures,i.e.enterprises for Sino-foreign joint venture,for Sino-foreign co-production and enterprises with sole foreign capital.为了进一步发展外向型经济，上海

14、最近将出台一系列优惠政策，以鼓励国内外经营者创建更多的三资企业，即中外合资企业、中外合作企业和外商独资企业。4）The next objective for the Chinese people to strive for is to reach the well-to-do level中国人民的下一个奋斗目标是在本世纪末达到小康水平。5）He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post尽管已退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。6）Many large companies in Sh

15、anghai have geared themselves to the international conventions and set up after-sales services accepting repairs and dealing with customers complaints.上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心,接受维修业务和处理客户投诉，目的在于与国际接轨。Chinas actual conditions be honest in performing ones official duties build a clean and honest government

16、;construction of a clean government abuse of power for personal gain；misuse of power for private interest corruption reporting centre be responsible for ones own profit and lossjack up price single youth above the normal matrimonial age high-tech business incubator;pioneer park 中国国情廉洁奉公 廉政建设 以权谋私 举报

17、中心 自负盈亏 哄抬物价 大龄青年 创业园 窗口行业宠物医院城际列车菜鸟，新手跨国公司被动吸烟版权所有拜金主义白手起家百年老店东道国倒计时打假保护伞 Service industry/service tradePet clinicInter-city trainGreen handMultinational companyPassive smoking;second-hand smokingCopyright reservedMoney worshipStart from scratchcentury-old shopHost countrycountdownCrack down on fak

18、e productsProtective umbrella恶性循环长江三角洲避税本土化；本地化安家费复合型人才豆腐渣工程比上不足，比下有余反腐倡廉房地产市场安居工程按劳分配按揭购房vicious circle Yangtze River deltatax avoidanceLocalizationsettling-in allowanceinterdisciplinary talent jerry-built projectworse off than some,better off than manyfight corruption and build a clean government

19、real estate market Comfortable Housing Projectdistribution according to ones performanceto buy a house on mortgage;to mortgage a house 根据已有的一些单词，词根词缀，通过联想推理类比来仿造，称其为仿词（imitation)E.g.crisis beef crisis,development crisis existence crisis health crisisAlcohol colaholic movieholic shopaholicGeneration

20、gap communication gap digital gap credibility gap Watergate Irangate,sexgate,climategate生造词别致新颖生造词别致新颖Tell the Chinese meaning of the following expression.taikonaut netizenscreenagerfinancial tsunamiworkaholicphishingwi-fimannyBuzzword 指在一定时期内风行一时的新词e.g.气管炎 henpecked 傍大款 find a sugar daddy 煲电话粥 do m

21、arathon talk on the phone catalyst 刺激 促进 crunch 困境 危机 紧缺 showcase 喻指展现各种现象或状况的窗口 panacea 万能之计时髦词过目不忘时髦词过目不忘Translate the following headlines or sentences Translate the following headlines or sentences into Chinese.into Chinese.1.1.Drug Killings Drug Killings HauntHaunt Mexican Schoolchildren Mexican

22、 Schoolchildren2.2.New Doubts New Doubts CloudCloud Iraqi Security Iraqi Security with U.Swith U.S3.3.Stocks Stocks DiveDive as Crisis Erodes Earnings as Crisis Erodes Earnings4.4.China,an China,an EngineEngine of Growth,Faces a Global of Growth,Faces a Global Slump.Slump.英文报刊对委婉语也是情有独钟，一是出于粉饰，二是出于礼

23、貌的需要。抽象委婉词可以避免得罪利益集团。e.g.biologically urgent activities pro-life pro-choice morning-after pill undocumented workers water-challenged常使用委婉语常使用委婉语英文报刊另一个显著特征就是使用通俗的口语体语言。可以增强与读者间的亲和力，丰富语言色彩，增强可读性。e.g.So Cig of Crunch Recession has shameless effect as fag sales rocket Broke Brits continue to be dragged

24、 down by the credit crunchturning to booze and fags to beat the recession blues.hard-up families are ditching healthy fruit nveg and going on cheap junk food instead.市井俚语繁多市井俚语繁多外来语外来语(借词借词)英语新闻报刊词汇的显著特色之一就是经常掺用外来语，尤其是新闻报道中记者提及外国的或新近出现的事物时，为引起读者的兴趣与注意，或更贴切地表达某词语的内涵，这种现象就更为突出。有些外来语，由于经常使用或使用时间已久，已经完全英语化，印刷时往往不再用大写字母或以斜体字标出，如：visa(法语)签证，blitz(德语)闪电行动，kungfu(中文)功夫，Go(日语)围棋等。列举一些常见诸报端的外来语：列举一些常见诸报端的外来语：attache 法语 随行人员 glasnost 俄语 公开性；开放 jujitsu 日语 柔术 karate 日语 空手道 laissez-faire 法语 自由主义 Lebensraum 德语 生存空间 per annum 拉丁语 每年 rapport 法语 和睦；友好 rendezvous 法语 约会(地点)sumo 日语 相扑