句子成分及句子的种类课件.pptx

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1、句子成分及句子的种类句子成分及句子的种类Parts of Speech Parts of Speech 词类词类Noun 名词名词 n.Pronoun 代词代词 pron.Verb 动词动词 v.Adverb 副词副词 adv.Adjective 形容词形容词 adj.Numeral 数词数词 num.Article 冠词冠词 art.Preposition 介词介词 prep.Conjunction 连词连词 conj.Interjection 感叹词感叹词 inter.1.1.句子成分句子成分一个句子的各个组成部分一个句子的各个组成部分,叫做句子成分叫做句子成分,包括包括主语主语,谓语谓语

2、,宾语宾语,表语表语,补语补语,定语定语,状语状语.除此之除此之外还有同位语、插入语、呼语和感叹语。外还有同位语、插入语、呼语和感叹语。2.2.句子成分详解句子成分详解主语主语 表示句子说的是表示句子说的是“什么人什么人”或或“什么事什么事”.”.可以可以做主语的有：做主语的有：1.Shanghai is in the east of China.2.I bought a new book.3.Three and five makes eight.4.To see is to believe.5.Smoking is harmful to health.6.The old should be

3、taken good care of.7.What he said is not true.8.It is a good habit to get up early.谓语谓语 说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”“”“是什么是什么”或或“怎么样怎么样”，由动词承当，一般放在主语之后。动词又分为，由动词承当，一般放在主语之后。动词又分为及及物动词和不及物动词物动词和不及物动词。1.I love my school.2.Mary is dancing under the tree.3.What he said sounds reasonable.注意：系动词有纯系动词（注意：系动词有纯系动词（bebe

4、）和半系动词）和半系动词（become,get,turn,grow,go(become,get,turn,grow,go(变得变得);feel,smell,);feel,smell,taste,sound,look(taste,sound,look(感官动词感官动词);stay,keep,remain();stay,keep,remain(保保持持);seem,appear;);seem,appear;),),其后接表语其后接表语,系表结构一起构成句系表结构一起构成句子的谓语子的谓语.I am a teacher.Thats all.Kate is cute.A new film is on

5、tonight.Our classroom is on the third floor.We are to go hiking tomorrow.My job is teaching you English.This is what they saw last night.9.The average of 3,8 and 10 is 7.表语表语 表达主语特征，通常在系动词之后，有下列形式：表达主语特征，通常在系动词之后，有下列形式：注意：系动词有纯系动词（注意：系动词有纯系动词（bebe）和半系动词）和半系动词（become,get,turn,grow,go(become,get,turn,

6、grow,go(变得变得);feel,smell,);feel,smell,taste,sound,look(taste,sound,look(感官动词感官动词);stay,keep,remain();stay,keep,remain(保保持持);seem,appear;);seem,appear;),),其后接表语其后接表语,系表结构一起构成句系表结构一起构成句子的谓语子的谓语.宾语宾语 表示动作或行为的对象或结果，是动作的承受者。表示动作或行为的对象或结果，是动作的承受者。在动词之后的叫在动词之后的叫动词宾语动词宾语，在介词之后的叫，在介词之后的叫介词宾语介词宾语。可以做宾语的有：可以做宾

7、语的有：Henry lost his parents in his childhood.Every one likes her.I want four.Id like to have some coffee.Harry enjoys skiing.We should help the poor.I think that you are right.定语定语 修饰和限定名词或代词修饰和限定名词或代词。Newton is aNewton is a famous famous scientist.scientist.This is my This is my car car factory.fact

8、ory.apple tree,stone bridge,coffee cup,sports meet He is in the He is in the sleeping sleeping car.car.swimming pool,drinking water,parking lot 状语状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，说明地点、修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方向、比时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方向、比较、程度、方式或伴随的情况。较、程度、方式或伴随的情况。1 1.Jill writes.Jill writes beautifully

9、beautifully.2.The Smith live 2.The Smith live in Russiain Russia.3.His mother often comes 3.His mother often comes on Saturdayon Saturday.4.4.Please come Please come this waythis way.A beautiful blue European bird that is sitting on top of the tree is singing happily in front of my house,with so man

10、y other birds listening carefully around her.请分析一下它的句子成分！此句能简化吗请分析一下它的句子成分！此句能简化吗A bird is singing.句子类型（按句子结构分）句子类型（按句子结构分）1.1.简单句简单句2.2.并列句并列句3.3.复合句复合句简单句五种基本句型：简单句五种基本句型：句型一：句型一：+i.i.（主谓（主谓）1.PatarrivedinBeijingat7:00.2.句型二：句型二：+t+t+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）1.Sheplaysthepiano.2.Helikesswimming.3.Wehelpeachother

11、.Theydisappeared.句型三：句型三：+LV+LV+（主系表）（主系表）1.Theyareheroes.2.Sheisauniversitystudent.3.Theappletastesgood.1 简单句五种基本句型：简单句五种基本句型：句型四句型四:+t+InO+DO（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）1.I offered him 5 dollars.2.I told my friend the good news.3.They sent us a telegram.句型五句型五:+t+O+Oc （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）1.Ann made me cry.2.They na

12、med the boy Jack.3.He kept the window open.并列句并列句and,but,or,soand,but,or,so连接两个或两个以上的句子连接两个或两个以上的句子1.MrSmithisourmathteacherandheisveryhumorous2.Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidntplayityesterday.3.Hedidntworkhard,sohefailedintheexamination.4.Wemusthurry,orwellmissthetrain.复合句复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构

13、成的句子由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。是全句的一个成分，不能独立。定语从句（形容词性）定语从句（形容词性）1.Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?2.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.3.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.名词性从句（名词性）名词性从句（名词性）1.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.2.Ibelieve(that)heishon

14、est.状语从句（副词性）状语从句（副词性）1.Wewaitedtill(until)hecameback.2.IcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasonduty.3.Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.4.Weshallgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.Practice:Part A:分析下面文章句子种类并划分句子成分：分析下面文章句子种类并划分句子成分：Going to a British high school for one year was a very

15、enjoyable and exciting experience for me.I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m.and ends about 3:30p.m.This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China being before 8 a.m.I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get i

16、n my old school,but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.I felt lucky as all my teachers were very helpful and I enjoyed all my subjects.I was very lucky to experience this different way of life,and I really hope that someday I can go back and study in Manchester again.