阅读理解和表达技巧指导公开课课件.ppt

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1、高三英语专题复习英语阅读理解与阅读表达技巧指导Word-revisionP171-180insecretasenseofsecurity负责;照料beseatedseize(2)无私的开除；解雇常识makesense/senseof开始做2把A与B分开做毫无意义besensitivetosetoff(2)severesetup令某人羞愧的是shadow/shadeshabby与某人共用在-的庇护下Ashamed/shameful杰出，照耀onshowshoot(3)beshortfor/ofshrinkshowup肩并肩炫耀sigh/sign/signalononessideatfirstsi

2、ghtcatchsightofsignificancesimplifysitup位于-Sincerelyofasizeslight/slimsmart(3)slideintoahabitsmileonesthankssmooth(2)soap/soupsolarenergy社会/社会的到目前为止分析题干能力训练分析题干能力训练猜词能力训练猜词能力训练猜答案能力猜答案能力训练训练教学内容教学内容（两课时）（两课时）主旨大意题的技巧指导主旨大意题的技巧指导细节理解题的技巧指导细节理解题的技巧指导推理判断题的技巧指导推理判断题的技巧指导1“指指读读”2“声声读读”3“译读译读”4“回回读读”5“析析

3、读读”6“参照参照读读”7“视视幅幅过过窄窄”8“毛病毛病”（badhabits）:教学过程中，发现学生教学过程中，发现学生在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。有的同学晃头、在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。有的同学晃头、颠腿、转笔、听音乐、咬指头、趴在桌子上、揪头发颠腿、转笔、听音乐、咬指头、趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。等等。摒弃不良的阅读习惯。摒弃不良的阅读习惯。摒弃不良的阅读习惯。摒弃不良的阅读习惯。主旨大意题答题技巧：主旨大意题答题技巧：技巧：剔除细节或论据，找到各段的主题句技巧：剔除细节或论据，找到各段的主题句 （topicsentence）范围一般包括：范围一般包括：短文标题、主题（短文

4、标题、主题（Title）；）；大意或段落大意（大意或段落大意（Mainidea）主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：1）Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout_2）Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage？3）Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily_4）Thepassageismostlyabout_5）Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout_6）Whatisthemaintopicofthepassag

5、e？7）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？8）Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_9）Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto10）Thepassageismeantto.1111）The The purposepurpose of this article is to of this article is to 12)From theparagraph,12)From theparagraph,what do you thinkwhat do you think the author w

6、ants to tell us?the author wants to tell us?13)What does the writer mainly 13)What does the writer mainly tell ustell us?14)Which of the following can 14)Which of the following can summarizesummarize the the main idea main idea of this text?of this text?15)Which of the following 15)Which of the foll

7、owing best expressesbest expresses the the main idea?main idea?针对主旨或段意提问（阅读表达）的回答方式：1.（问目的问目的）Totellus-Toshow-2.（问内容问内容）（Whatis）-?3.（问主题问主题）Howto-?简单句式名词短语在解主题大意时，以下方法可供参考。在解主题大意时，以下方法可供参考。在解主题大意时，以下方法可供参考。在解主题大意时，以下方法可供参考。1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复

8、论述。抓住抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。的提示后。例如：例如：On the whole,in short,therefore I agree with the opinion thatGiven all these points above,I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above,I would prefer 掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳掌

9、握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。主题。如何寻找主题句如何寻找主题句Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaventeatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Others

10、couldliveonwhatwerecalledfast-foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（1）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。Sample 2 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,th

11、e modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（2 2）在短文中间）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.return practice

12、 Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.Such a person is not really a thief.They are sick and cannot help themselves.All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions.People with kleptomania for certain medical re

13、asons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them.With medical help they may become normal citizens again.They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.Q

14、:What is the topic of the text?(within 3 words)WhatisKleptomania?orKleptomaniaA.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C.ReasonsforStealingD.ANormalChildsActions.Topic Sentence:Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdre

15、ams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.Q:What does the passage mainly tell us?(within 5 words)Dreamingisimportantforhealth.A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.

16、HowsleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.WhenpeopleremembertheirdreamsTopic Sentence:Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health Aprimaryschoolhasbannedfootballafteritspupilsbegancopyingcheatingandfouling(犯规）displayedbytheirWorldCupheroesinSouthAfrica.-Whatwouldbethebe

17、sttitleofthepassage?A.InfluenceoftheSouthAfricaWorldCuponchildren.B.BanningFootballinaschoolForCopyingfootballStarsFoulingC.DeclininginthestandardoftheSouthAfricaWorldCup.D.ChildrensRoleModelMisbehavedTooMuchattheWorldCup.细节理解题一、细节理解题：一、细节理解题：1、直接事实题直接事实题：2、间接事实题间接事实题：先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的先阅读题干，确定读材料的时

18、候要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读略读的手法的手法找出出处。找出出处。需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的简单的概括概括和和判断判断。细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：1)Whichofthefollowingis1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueNOTtrueaccordingtotheaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?informationinthepassage?

19、2)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowing2)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexceptexcept.3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsis3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectcorrectaccordingtotheaccordingtothepassage?passage?4)The4)Thewriterwritermentionsmentionsallallofofthetheitemsitemslistedlistedbelowbelowexcep

20、texcept _._.5)Whichofthefollowing5)Whichofthefollowingismentionedismentionedinthepassage?inthepassage?6)Whatistheexampleof.asdescribedinthepassage?6)Whatistheexampleof.asdescribedinthepassage?7)Thereasonfor.is.7)Thereasonfor.is.8)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).8)Accordingtothepas

21、sage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).9)Fromthepassageweknowthat_.9)Fromthepassageweknowthat_.10)Inthepassage,theauthor10)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesstatesthat_.that_.细节理解题还包括我们常见的细节理解题还包括我们常见的whwh-题，它们题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们

22、可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做此类题的方法一般是先用做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法寻读法找出与问找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。细读，找出正确答案。1 1、是非题出题形式：、是非题出题形式：、是非题出题形式：、是非题出题形式：a.三正一误：三正一误：Which of the following is true except?Which of the follo

23、wing is mentioned exceptb.三误一正：三误一正：Which of the following is true?这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系：这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系：Which of the following mentioned except Which of the following is not mentioned?这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段，而且往往无列举标志词，如段，而且往往无列举标志词，如first，second，third等。等。做题时只需阅读有关段落

24、，根据一个选项中的关键词在其做题时只需阅读有关段落，根据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项，剩下一个原文中未提到的，为前后找其他两个正确先项，剩下一个原文中未提到的，为正确答案。正确答案。分析题干能力分析题干能力2 2、例证题、例证题、例证题、例证题 例子为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一，这类题的基本结构为例子为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一，这类题的基本结构为:The author provides in line(或或Paragraph)an example in order to在在阅读表达阅读表达中中Why did the author provide the example in

25、Paragraph 2?文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例子在原文出现的位置，但不管如何，这个例子之前或之后不远处通子在原文出现的位置，但不管如何，这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话，这句话就是答案，即举例的目的。常都有一句总结说明性的话，这句话就是答案，即举例的目的。如如果例子与全文主题有关，则例证主题，答案为主题句。如果例子与果例子与全文主题有关，则例证主题，答案为主题句。如果例子与段落主题有关，就例证段落主题，则答案为段落主题句；此外，答段落主题有关，就例证段落主题，则答案为段落主题句；此外

26、，答案为例子前后总结说明性的话。案为例子前后总结说明性的话。分析题干能力分析题干能力3 3、年代与数字、年代与数字:这个考点有几种出题方式，但不管以何这个考点有几种出题方式，但不管以何种形式出现，只要题干问年代与数字，答案就对应于文章种形式出现，只要题干问年代与数字，答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字。中的年代与数字。但经常考察大家的但经常考察大家的数学加减法数学加减法。4、比较、比较:比较考点的表现形式主要有：比较考点的表现形式主要有：a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构；比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构；b.表示绝对意义的字眼：表示绝对意义的字眼：first(第一第一)，lea

27、st(最不最不)，most(最最)等；等；c.表示惟一性的词汇：表示惟一性的词汇：only,unique等；等；阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇，阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇，便于做题时回原文定位。便于做题时回原文定位。分析题干能力分析题干能力5 5、原因：、原因：、原因：、原因：这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示：提示：result,reason;result in(结果结果)，result from(由于），由于），baseon(以以为基础为基础)，be due to(由于由于)；be

28、cause,for,why;as a result,consequently等。等。阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意。原文相关句出现的格阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意。原文相关句出现的格式都是先说原因，后说结果，而在题干中通常给出结果，式都是先说原因，后说结果，而在题干中通常给出结果，就其原因提问。就其原因提问。分析题干能力分析题干能力 Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest

29、 hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for s

30、even years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow,I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had mo

31、re chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.return1.HowlongdidMissLuoworkedforCathayAirline?(within3words)2.WhathasLuoalwaysdonesinceshebecameMissAsia？（within8words)Shehaswork

32、edforthesocialwelfare.HowlongCathayAirlinesinceQ：Which of the following is NOT true?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.Miss Asia of 1991,Born in Shanghai,designed by the Asia TV Station Man

33、y American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families.They spent their childhood in little wooden rooms.They got little education.Washington and Lincoln,for example,never went to school and they taught themselves.Lincoln once did jobs of a worker,shop-keeper and post officer in his ea

34、rly years.A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army.The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D.Eisenhower.Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.It happened that they graduated from the same schoolWest Point Military

35、 Academy(西点军校)Q:President Eisenhower became well-known .A.whilestudyinginWestPointMilitaryAcademyB.duringtheAmericanCivilWarC.afterhewaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.D.duringWorldWarII.Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.WhatwasthesimilaritybetweenWashingtonandLincoln?(within4words)Theyhadlittl

36、eeducation.绝对词否决法绝对词否决法;答答案案项项中中有有绝绝对对语语气气词词的的一一般般不不是是正正确确答答案案项项。这这些些语语气气词词有有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,have to,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。等。怀怀疑疑词词判判断断法法：选选项项中中含含有有不不十十分分肯肯定定的的语语气气词词一一般般是是正正确确答答案案项项。这这些些语语气气词词有有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大大多多数数),moreorless,relatively,b

37、e likely to,possible,whether or,notnecessarily等。等。猜答案能力猜答案能力Whatcanweinferfromthefirstsentenceofthepassage?A.Beautifulwomenalwaysfeltlonely.B.Beautifulwomenwerealwaysalone.C.Manybeautifulwomendidntendupwithahappylife.D.Beautifulwomenalwayslivedahappylife.WhichofthefollowingaboutFergieisNOTtrue?A.The

38、successoftheBlackEyedPeasisallbecauseofFergiesperformances.B.FergieisnotanoriginalmemberoftheBlackEyedPeas.C.FergieisanimportantsingernowintheBlackEyedPeas.D.Fergiehasmadegreatcontributiontoleadingthebandtobepopular.锅盖法：锅盖法：锅盖法：锅盖法：较较较较全全全全面面面面、有有有有针针针针对对对对性性性性地地地地表表表表达达达达文文文文章章章章中中中中心心心心思思思思想想想想的的的

39、的，选选选选项项项项一一一一般般般般是是是是答答答答案项。案项。案项。案项。A.to be A.to be more successfulmore successful in his career in his career B.to solve technical problems B.to solve technical problems C.to be more specialized in his field C.to be more specialized in his field D.to develop his professional skill D.to develop hi

40、s professional skill B“B“解决技术问题解决技术问题”；C“C“深化专业深化专业”；D“D“发展职业技能发展职业技能”。这。这三项表达的意思都比较具体，而三项表达的意思都比较具体，而A A项则概括地有深度，包项则概括地有深度，包括了括了B B、C C、D D三项内容。选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅三项内容。选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的（字面意思）一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、的（字面意思）一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。含义深刻的是答案项。猜答案能力猜答案能力Whattheseanimalshaveincommonisthat-.A.they

41、carrytheiryoungtowherevertheyplease.B.theyrealldevotedtotheirchildren.C.theyreoverprotectiveoftheirchildren.D.theyhelptheirwivescleanuptheafterbirth.三、三、推理判断题：推理判断题：技巧技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。行符合逻辑的推理。注意注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点解解推推断断题

42、题最最主主要要的的方方法法是是根根据据词词义义关关系系推推断断具体细节。具体细节。有关推理的有关推理的有关推理的有关推理的试题试题试题试题常常包括以下常常包括以下常常包括以下常常包括以下类类类类型：型：型：型：1)1)The writer believe that_?The writer believe that_?2)Fromthetextweknowthat_.2)Fromthetextweknowthat_.3)3)WhatWhat is the authors opinion of _?is the authors opinion of _?4)4)TheThe paragraphpa

43、ragraph followingfollowing thethe passagepassage willwill mostmostprobablybe_.probablybe_.5)Thewriters5)Thewritersattitudetowardattitudetoward.is_.is_.6)6)WithWithwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthorwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreeagree？7)7)WhichWhich ofof thethe followingfollowing statementsstatem

44、ents doesdoes thethe passagepassagesupportsupport？8)Itmaybe8)Itmaybeconcludedconcludedfromthepassagethatfromthepassagethat 9)9)TheauthorTheauthorimpliedimplied（suggestedsuggested）thatthat 10)10)ThestoryThestoryimpliesimpliesthat_.that_.11)11)ItcanbeItcanbeinferredinferredfromthetextthat_.fromthetext

45、that_.分析题干能力分析题干能力推断题推断题 1.1.解推断题应注意：解推断题应注意：(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。推理的根据来自于上下文。2.2.解推断题的方法：解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。阅读表达阅读表达作者观点态度的提问方式有：作者观点态度的提问方式有：作者观点态度的提问方式有：作者观点态度的提问方式有：1 1 1 1)Whatistheauthors/someonesmainpurposeinthe)Whatistheauthor

46、s/someonesmainpurposeinthepassage?passage?2)Whatistheauthors/someonesattitudetowards-?2)Whatistheauthors/someonesattitudetowards-?3)Whatistheauthors/someonesopinionof-?3)Whatistheauthors/someonesopinionof-?必须能拼写的几组词：必须能拼写的几组词：active/passiveagree/disagreesupport/object必须认识的几组词：必须认识的几组词：positive/negat

47、iveoptimistic/pessimisticsupportive分析题干能力分析题干能力One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂）and two spiders（蜘蛛）.”“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of

48、 my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”8Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment，it was _.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsectsWhatdoyouthinkofthemanorwha

49、tsyourattitudetotheman?(within10words)Ithinkheiscarefulfrankandhumorous.判断褒贬，在字数范围内尽可能多的使用词汇。Some people are never right.They never have good luck.They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing.And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time.So these p

50、eople always have problems.They often break dishes.They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr Neff is different.He is always right.He is never wrong.He usually has good luck.He seldom has problems.He never breaks dishes.He never misses buses or airplanes.Even if he does miss them，it is always the fa