考研英语小作文(一)课件.ppt
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1、Liu ShenghuaContentsContentsl一、写作要求一、写作要求l二、写作技巧二、写作技巧l三、评分原则和方法三、评分原则和方法l四、书信类应用文四、书信类应用文l五、备忘录五、备忘录/报告报告l六、摘要六、摘要 l七七 、告示类应用文、告示类应用文l八、八、2005201120052011小作文考察类型小作文考察类型精品课件Liu Shenghua全国硕士研究生入学统一考试全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 20132013年大纲年大纲l写作部分写作部分l考生应能写不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等,以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。写作时,考生应能:
2、l1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;l2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;l3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;l4)根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当选用语域*。l*考生应能掌握的语言技能包括听、说、读、写四种能力。但是由于听力能力和口语能力的考查在复试中进行,因此这里只列出读和写两种技能。l*指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语。精品课件Liu Shenghual一、写作要求一、写作要求l考研考研英语小作文多是不同不同类型的应用文类型的应用文,包括私人和公私人和公务信函务信函(如:如:辞职信、道歉信、辞职信、道歉信、感谢信感谢信等)、备忘录、摘
3、要、备忘录、摘要、报告等报告等.它的形式是给出提示给出提示要点,要求考生根据要求表达要点,要求考生根据要求表达清楚要点清楚要点。尽管它并不需要华丽的词藻和吸引阅卷人眼球的文采。但是,它还是需要考生在平时的复习中点滴积累,适当训练。以言简意赅的词句言简意赅的词句及一定的逻辑性一定的逻辑性,将事情叙述清楚,表意明确。l小作文类型:小作文类型:l感谢信(thanks),祝贺信(congratulation),道歉信(apology),邀请信(invitation)倡导信(建议信)(suggestion);投诉信(complaint),询问信(inquiry)请求信(require)婉拒信(decli
4、ne),求职信(application),推荐信(recommendation),公告(notice)备忘(memo),精品课件Liu Shenghual短文写作时,考生应能:l做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;l遵循文章的特定文体格式;l合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;l根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当使用语域。l二、写作技巧二、写作技巧l小作文满分为10分,因为其更加套路化,所以它比大作文更加容易得分。但是,得高分的前提是要在格式、语言和要点等方面下功夫。精品课件Liu Shenghual1 1、格式、格式l(1)(1)日期的格式和位置日期的格式和位置;-Mar.19th,2012 在
5、右上角l(2)(2)称呼的格式称呼的格式:Dear Sir,Dear Madam Helen,Dear John,Dear Professor Smith,l男士:Mr.女士:Mrs./Ms./Miss 教授、博士:Prof./Dr.l市长,法官,议员,其他高官:Hon.(Honorable,尊敬的)l编辑:Editorl如果是不认识的人,一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如,Dear Sir or Madam;如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人,称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如,Dear Mr.xx或Dear Ms.xx;To Whom It May Concern,l对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名。精品课件
6、Liu Shenghual(3)(3)正文:正文:l正文格式一般格式为首段开头空四个字母,段落之间不空行;现在流行的格式,每段开头不空格,但是各段之间空一行。考生在格式方面可以根据自己的习惯进行选择。只要让阅卷人看得舒服,且完全符合应用文要求的文体就可以。l(4)(4)署名署名的格式:右下角,的格式:右下角,Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,Sincerely,精品课件Liu Shenghual2 2、语言、语言l用词准确用词准确是最基础的要求之一。其次,句型句型多变多变。例如既有并列句,也有复合句,还有从句并列句,也有复合句,还有从句。注意语法运用要正确。l再者
7、,正式语言一般是写给具有正式关系的团体或机构,注意这样的情况不用缩略语和口语用法。除了正式的文体以外,其他的文体皆为非正式文体。像写给朋友的书信等。l小作的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合。考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言,使交流得以进行。另外,也要注意不同的应用文有不同的用语。建议你对某些应用文的建议你对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语,应该加以熟悉和背诵,以便运格式和习惯用语,应该加以熟悉和背诵,以便运用自如。用自如。精品课件Liu Shenghual3 3、其他要点、其他要点l考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔。虽说小作文的字数充其量在一百多个单词,但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路
8、。最好能够在仔细审题以后,认真列个提纲,这样更有利于思路清晰。写作时,注意表达清楚以下几个方面。首先首先交代清楚写信目的写信目的;其次其次为了让阅卷者对你的文章结结构及表意构及表意一目了然,注意关联词或衔接词关联词或衔接词的运用;接下来接下来,应该对个人的观点个人的观点进行阐述(在写作有此必要的时候)。l最后最后,行文间要注意简化描述简化描述。用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。在作文完成的时候,应该检查、修改,以免遗漏一些需要表达清楚的要点和细节。精品课件Liu Shenghua三、评分原则和方法三、评分原则和方法l应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖信息点的覆盖和内容的内容的组织组织、语言的准确性语
9、言的准确性、格式和语域格式和语域(指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语)的恰当的恰当。l对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词,但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分扣分。精品课件Liu Shenghual1、评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的调节分。l2、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。l3、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时,视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
10、l4、如书写较差,以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。精品课件Liu Shenghua四、书信类应用文四、书信类应用文l书信格式:书信格式:l (一)称呼(一)称呼l写给机构l不认识负责人:l Dear Sir or Madam l Dear Sir/Madaml To whom it may concernl认识负责人:Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,Dear President(Michael)Wang,l写给个人l1)关系不亲密:Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,lDe
11、ar President(Michael)Wang,l2)关系亲密:lDear Michael精品课件Liu Shenghua(二)正文:(二)正文:3 3段、段、7 7句、句、100100120 120 词、词、3 35 5关关联词、联词、3 35 5从句从句l1 1、第一段:、第一段:2 2句句l1)自我介绍l(1)I am a staff member from your company/corporation.l(2)I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of
12、 Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.l2)写作目的:I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from my current post/position.l 2 2、第二段:、第二段:3 3句句l 1)改写提纲一:1句l 2)改写提纲二:1句l 3)改写提纲三:1句精品课件Liu Shenghual3 3、第三段、第三段l1)表示感谢(私人建议信除外)lMy appreciation to you for your genero
13、us help is beyond words.lWords fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.lI take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.l2)期待回信l(1)I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.l(2)I look forward to a favorable reply at
14、your earliest convenience.l(3)Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.l(三)落款(三)落款lYours sincerely,l Li Ming精品课件Liu Shenghua实战范例:实战范例:l1 1、大纲样题:订购信、大纲样题:订购信lDirections:You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to the sales dep
15、artment of a bookstore to ask for:ldetailed information about the books you want,lmethods of payment,ltime and way of delivery.精品课件Liu ShenghualDear Sir or Madam,lAs I am planning to take the National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM),I have decided to place an order of some NETEM
16、 books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.lFirstly,please give me particular accounts as regards names,authors,publishing houses and prices of these books.Secondly,I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service.Thirdly,
17、I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1,2007.I have arranged to pay for the service.lI would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests.I look forward to hearing from you soon.lY
18、ours sincerely,lLi Ming精品课件Liu Shenghual2 2、20052005真题:辞职信道歉信真题:辞职信道歉信lDirections:Two months ago,you got a job as an editor for the magazine Fashion&Design.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss Mr.Wang,telling him your decision,stating
19、 your reason(s),and making an apology.精品课件Liu ShenghualDear Mr.Wang,lI am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position.lThe primary reasons are as follows.First,after two months,I do feel that it is not easy for me to get used to the extra work and night shift.Second,th
20、e salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised,and I have a large family to support.Last,what I have learned in the university cannot meet the requirement of being an editor.lI feel terribly sorry for the inconvenience I have caused.I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignat
21、ion.lYours sincerely,lLi Ming精品课件Liu Shenghual3 3、20062006真题:请求信真题:请求信lDirections:lYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area,write a letter to the department concerned,asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you wa
22、nt to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Dont sign your own name at the end of the letter,use Li Ming instead.Dont write the address.(10 points)精品课件Liu ShenghualTo whom it may concern,lAs a student who can support m
23、yself,I am writing to request if you can help me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope.lI wonder whether it is convenient for you if two things regarding the child are taken into account.First,the child should come from Sichuan Province because I intend to help a child from my hometown.Second
24、,it will be better if he or she is a primary school student who was forced to drop school because of abject poverty.lI would like to help the recipient of my assistance annually until he graduates from college.Firstly,the money will cover his tuition fee and other expenses at school.Besides,I will c
25、orrespond with him frequently so that he can seek advice whenever he needs.Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.lYours sincerely,lLi Ming精品课件Liu Shenghua4 祝贺信lA letter of Congratulationsl l Jan.10th,2011lDear Jack,lI am so delighted to hear that you have just been admitted
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