高考英语阅读理解推理判断题专题解析课件.ppt

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1、题型突破题型突破专项提升专项提升 第一部分专题一阅读理解专题一阅读理解考点考点2推理判断题推理判断题1 1悟悟 真真 题题、取取 其其 精精 华华2 2研研 典典 题题、技技 法法 例例 析析3 3随随 堂堂 练练、即即 时时 巩巩 固固4 4层层 级级 练练、素素 能能 强强 化化返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 悟真题、取其精华悟真题、取其精华返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 A(2019全国卷，C)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is grow

2、ing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private espaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(装置)that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard

3、 precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each p

4、erson.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with.Everybody uses a

5、 keyboard and everybody types differently.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 In a study describing the technology,the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typ

6、ed，with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.文章大意：主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：智能键盘。本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来

7、判断该用户是不是安全访客。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 1Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard？_ATo reduce pressure on keys.BTo improve accuracy in typing.CTo replace the password system.DTo cut the cost of espace protection.D 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from Georgia Tech

8、say that they have come up with a lowcost device that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.”以及第一段最后一句“At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop与come up with是同义词，expensive与lowcost是反义词，cut the cost与lowcost相呼应。返回导航第一

9、部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 2What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？_AComputers are much easier to operate.BFingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.CTyping patterns vary from person to person.DData security measures are guaranteed.C 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 解析：推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘

10、的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine peoples identities.”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 3What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboa

11、rd？_AItll be environmentfriendly.BItll reach consumers soon.CItll be made of plastics.DItll help speed up typing.解析：细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应，答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。B 返回

12、导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 4Where is this text most likely from？_AA diary.BA guidebook.CA novel.DA magazine.解析：文章出处题。根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device.”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，lowcost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。D 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英

13、 语二二轮轮复复习习 B(2019北京卷，B)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者)，who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a supersweet treat that could save kids teeth,instead of destroying them.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习

14、习 It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad.On the outing，she was offered a candy bar.However，her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.But Moore was sick of missing out on candies.So she desired to get round the warning，“Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for

15、my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it？”With that in mind，Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company.He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 With her dads permission，she spent the ne

16、xt two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and toothfriendly.She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.Consequently，she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners，which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then use

17、d her savings to get her business off the ground.Afterwards，she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner，who finally agreed to sell Moores productCanCandy.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 As CanCandys success grows，so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur.Moo

18、re is enthusiastic about the candy she created，and shes also positive about what the future might bring.She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile，with her parents help，Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.Although she founded her company early on in

19、 life，she wasnt driven primarily by profit.Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.She donates 10%of AilieCandys profits to Big Smiles.With her talent and determination，it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 文章大意：主题：人与自我(做

20、人与做事)；话题：创新与创业意识。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位少年创业成功的故事。小女孩Alice Moore面对问题不退缩，想办法解决问题，经过两年的调研和多次实验，最终创业成功。她也给更多的孩子带来了健康和微笑。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 5How did Moore react to her dads warning？_AShe argued with him.BShe tried to find a way out.CShe paid no attention.DShe chose to consult dentists.解析：推理判断题。根据题干中关键

21、词warning可直接定位到第二段第五句，该句表示Alice Moore想要解决父亲提出的问题，因为她不愿意放弃享用糖果的机会，故B项“她试图找到解决的办法”为正确选项。B 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 6What is special about CanCandy？_AIt is beneficial to dental health.BIt is free of sweeteners.CIt is sweeter than other candies.DIt is produced to a dentists recipe.解析：推理判断题。CanCandy为语篇

22、的线索性词汇，它是Alice Moore的公司研发的新产品。题干是问CanCandy的特别之处，由此定位到第三段第一句，根据本句内容可知，它“既可口又对牙齿无害”，故A项“它有益于牙齿健康”正确。A 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 7What does Moore expect from her business？_ATo earn more money.BTo help others find smiles.CTo make herself stand out.DTo beat other candy companies.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Sh

23、e hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.”可知，Alice Moore希望每位小朋友都有洁净的牙齿和灿烂的笑容。B项意为“帮助别人找到笑容”，与原文意思相符。B 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 8What can we learn from Alice Moores story？_AFame is a great thirst of the young.BA youth is to be regarded with respect.CPositive thinking and act

24、ion result in success.DSuccess means getting personal desires satisfied.解析：推理判断题。文章介绍了Alice Moore年纪虽小，但面对问题不退缩，积极思考，想办法解决问题，勇于创新，最后创业成功的故事。故C项正确。C 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 (1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。(2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。(3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一

25、句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。考 纲 解 读返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 .把握推理判断题常见的命题方式(1)We can infer from the(first/last)passage that_.(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that_.(3)It can be concluded from the passage that_.(4)The main purpose of the passage is_.(5)Where does

26、this passage probably come from?(6)Whats the authors attitude towards.?(7)The writer developed the passage/his main idea by _.(8)The first/last paragraph serves as a(n)_.考 查 特 点返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 .掌握推理判断题的考查角度(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 选项特征

27、最佳选项干扰选项“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推出。选项中一般不可以出现绝对性的状 语，如 only，never，all，absolutely等。最佳答案的表述一般有一点儿模糊，会用一些相对留有余 地 的 词 汇，如 often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。与常识相吻合，但并不是从短文内容推知的，不是基于文章。看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符。推理过头，引申过度。偏离文章主题，属主观臆断的结论。是短文内容的简单重述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当作间接推理。返回导航

28、第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 研典题、技法例析研典题、技法例析返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 (2019全国卷，B片段)Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke

29、his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”典 例

30、返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _.Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare students for their future jobsDinspire students love for politics解题思路根据“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning

31、to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves”和最后一段的内容可知，老师让学生参加竞选演说不仅仅是让学生们学会在公开场合演说，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。故选_A_。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 作者或者文中人物的态度和观点无非就是三类：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。熟悉如下有关作者情感、态度的词

32、语。褒义词：supportive(支持的)，positive(积极的)，optimistic(乐观的)，enthusiastic(热情的)等。贬义语：negative(否定的，消极的)，ironic(讽刺的)，critical(批评的)，disgusted(厌恶的)，disappointed(失望的)等。中性词：indifferent(漠不关心的)，uninterested(不感兴趣的)，objective(客观的)，neutral(中立的)等。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 (2018北京卷，D)Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe p

33、ossibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads.The st

34、ate also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars.典 例返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today.The

35、coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.What is the authors attitude to the future of selfdriving cars？_ADoubtful.BPositive.

36、CDisapproving.DSympathetic.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 解题思路根据首段中的Well，the future is apparently now和尾段中的The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it可知，作者对无人驾驶汽车的发展持乐观、积极的态度。故选_B_。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 1记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现隐含作者写作意图的总结性语言，全文围绕此总结性语言展开陈述。2说明文：

37、一般会在文中反复出现所要说明的事物或者道理，作者的写作图意就在其中。3议论文：文章结构一般为提出论点进行论证得出结论，作者的写作意图往往在结论之中。4广告类应用文：全文会对所介绍的商品、服务内容等进行详尽的叙述，作者的写作意图相对明显。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 (2018浙江卷，A)In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born，there were 66 novels published in Britain.In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its firs

38、t professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose charactersfrom Oliver Twist to Tiny Timwere held up as moral touchstones.典 例返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings

39、 readers attach to stories，literature is a numbers game，and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age，from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them.Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attra

40、cted audiences from all walks of life.Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and scientific progress.But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a distin

41、guished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches，it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 What is the authors purpose in writing the text？_ATo remember a great writer.BTo introduce an English novel.C

42、To encourage studies on culture.DTo promote values of the Victorian age.解题思路通读全文，本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获此殊荣的。尤其是从最后一段中But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches，.可知，本文写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕，显然是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选_A_。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 3若所读材料涉及工作要求、工资待遇、联系电

43、话等，则可能出自招聘广告；若所读材料推销介绍新产品，且格式特殊，则可能是产品广告；若所读材料轻松、休闲、普及各科知识，则可能出自旅游杂志、休闲杂志等；4若文章开头主持人向听众问好，并作自我介绍，则可能是广播稿；5若文章中出现网址或与其相关的词汇表达，如click，则可能出自网站。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 (2018全国卷，B)Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and swe

44、et jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries，strawberries are highest in vitamin C，although，because of their seeds，raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质)，iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein).If you have a juicer，yo

45、u can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a“softserve”creamy dessert，to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a childrens party；they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.典 例返回导

46、航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 From which is the text probably taken?AA biology textbook.BA health magazine.CA research paper.DA travel brochure.解题思路文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出可以用a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故本文很可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。故选_B_。返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 随堂练、即时巩固随堂练、即时巩固返回导航第一部分专题一阅读理解 英 语二二轮轮复复习习 层级练、素能强化层级练、素能强化